scholarly journals The health condition of spring oilseed crops in relation to the fungi colonising their seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Majchrzak ◽  
Tomasz P. Kurowski ◽  
Zofia Karpińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Gray Mould ◽  
Spring Rape

The research was conduced in the years 1999-2000. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of the following spring oilseed crops: crambe (<i>Crambe abbysinica</i> Hoechst.) cv. B o r o w s k i, false flax (<i>Camelina sativa</i> L.) cv. B o r o w s k a, spring rape (<i>Brassica napus</i> ssp. <i>oleifera</i> L.) cv. M a r g o and oleiferous radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> var. <i>oleiferus</i> L.) cv. P e g l e t t a. In all the years of the research alternaria blight was found on the leaves and siliques of spring rape and oleiferous radish and on the leaves and stems of crambe. False flax proved to be weakly infected by pathogens. On its leaves gray mould (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>) was found in all the years of the research. The disease was found on the siliques only in 1999. In 2000 powdery mildew was found on spring rape and false flax (respectively, <i>Erysiphe crucifearum</i> and <i>E.cichoracearum</i>). The weather conditions affected the intensity of the diseases on the studied spring oilseed crops. <i>Alernaria</i> genus, especially <i>A.alternata</i> was most commonly isolated from the seeds of examined plants. It constituted from 37% (in crambe) to 63,3% (in spring rape) of all the isolates. Of the remaining pathogenic species, numerous fungi of the <i>Fusarium</i> genus (<i>F.avenaceum, F.culmorum, F.equiseti</i> and <i>F.oxysporum</i>) were isolated. They constituted from 1,0% (false flax) to 17,3% (crambe) of the isolates.

scholarly journals Pests of oil producing cabbage crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
M.D. Yevtushenko ◽  
I.V. Zabrodina ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
False Flax ◽  
The World

Today the major oil producing crops from the Brassicaceae family in the world and Ukraine are winter rape (Brassica napus oleifera bienis D. C.) and spring rape (Brassica napus oleifera annua Metzg.). At present the acreage of these crops in the world is over 40 million hectares, and in Ukraine there are more than 1 million hectares. Less common crops are white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea Gzem.). The world acreage under the mustard crops is about 3,0 million hectares (in Ukraine there are about 100 thousand hectares). Other oil producing crops from the cabbage family such as spring winter cress (Brassica campestris L.), winter rape (Brassica rapa oleifera DC), winter false flax (Camelina sativa subsp. pilosa N. Zinge), spring false flax (Camelina sativa var. Glabrata (DC.), oily radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers) and black mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) Koch) occupy only a small area, while the Abyssinian mustard (Crambe abyssinica Hosts. ex. RE Fr.) is not grown in our country at all. It is impossible to obtain high and stable yields of all agricultural crops without protection of plants from the harmful insects. The losses of the crops due to the pests are huge, especially during the mass reproduction of the insects. The entomocomplex of agroceonoses of oil producing cabbage crops is extremely rich and contains several hundred species. As a result of their vital functions more than 50% of the crops can be lost and as far as 25-55% growth increase in the yield can be reached due to the pollinating insects. Despite the short-term existence of agroceonoses of spring oil producing cabbage crops (90-120 days) their entomofauna is characterised by a considerable diversity of species composition. During the vegetation periods in 2007–2019 in the fields of the Educational, Research and Production Centre “Research Field” of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev and the State Enterprise “Research Farm “Elitne” of the Institute of Plant Growing named after V.Ya. Yuriev of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine we have found 54 species of specialised and multi-faceted pests of oil producing cabbage crops that belong to eight lines and 22 families. Among them 29 species are the specialised pests and 25 are multi-faceted ones. The frequency of the pest species occurrence on the crops is the following: eight species (15%) populate the crops on a mass scale, six species (11%) are moderately spread, and 40 species (74%) have a low population density. The cabbage bug, mustard bug, ground cabbage aphid, rose chafer, rape blossom beetle, mesographe flea beetle, flea beetle and diamond black moth belong to the species that populate the crops on a mass scale. Among them four species belong to the Coleoptera line, two species belong to the Hemiptera line, one species belong to the Homoptera line and one species belong to the Lepidoptera line. The representatives of the Coleoptera line dominate; their proportion in the entomological community structure is 48% (26 species). The economic importance of these pests is not the same and greatly depends on the population density and phenophase of the crop development as well as on weather conditions.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of carotenoid biosynthesis reveal the basis of white petal color in Brassica napus

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledong Jia ◽  
Junsheng Wang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Mouzheng Duan ◽  
Cailin Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Rapeseed Cultivar

Abstract Main conclusion The molecular mechanism underlying white petal color in Brassica napus was revealed by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Abstract Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, but the mechanisms underlying flower color in this crop are known less. Here, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the yellow-flowered rapeseed cultivar ‘Zhongshuang 11’ (ZS11) and the white-flowered inbred line ‘White Petal’ (WP). The total carotenoid contents were 1.778-fold and 1.969-fold higher in ZS11 vs. WP petals at stages S2 and S4, respectively. Our findings suggest that white petal color in WP flowers is primarily due to decreased lutein and zeaxanthin contents. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,116 differentially expressed genes with a fourfold or greater change in expression (P-value less than 0.001) in WP vs. ZS11 petals, including 1,209 genes that were differentially expressed at four different stages and 20 genes in the carotenoid metabolism pathway. BnNCED4b, encoding a protein involved in carotenoid degradation, was expressed at abnormally high levels in WP petals, suggesting it might play a key role in white petal formation. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The results of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of the carotenoid metabolic pathway in rapeseed petals, and the candidate genes identified in this study provide a resource for the creation of new B. napus germplasms with different petal colors.

The effect of false flax (Camelina sativa) cake dietary supplementation in dairy goats on fatty acid profile of kefir

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pikul ◽  
Jacek Wójtowski ◽  
Romualda Danków ◽  
Joanna Teichert ◽  
Grażyna Czyżak-Runowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
False Flax

scholarly journals Influence of Man's Activities Level on the Toxicity of Soddy Podzolic Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
П.А. Котяк
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Toxicity ◽  
General Toxicity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Medium Toxicity ◽  
Spring Rape

Представлены результаты исследования уровня общей токсичности и микробного токсикоза дерново-подзолистой глееватой почвы при антропогенной нагрузке. Изучение токсичности почвы особенно актуально в агроценозах, где человек в значительной мере регулирует условия произрастания растений. Использование показателей токсичности при оценке агротехнических приёмов позволяет усовершенствовать существующие технологии, чтобы избежать нежелательных сопутствующих эффектов при агрогенном воздействии на агроэкосистемы. Сравнительный анализ полученных результатов показал, что почва опытного участка в начале вегетации имела класс средней и низкой токсичности (индекс токсичности фактора (ИТФ) от 0,63 до 0,82), а в конце вегетации – класс высокой и средней токсичности (ИТФ от 0,35 до 0,55). Оценка микробиологической токсичности почвы исследуемых вариантов опыта по всхожести семян тест-культуры показала в основном средний уровень микробного токсикоза: 69,75% – на индуцированных образцах, 60,97% – на контрольных образцах. Урожайность зелёной массы ярового рапса находилась на невысоком уровне, что могло быть связано с неблагоприятными погодными условиями вегетационного периода и варьировала в пределах от 76 до 218 ц/га. Проведённые исследования по установлению влияния антропогенной нагрузки на токсический статус дерново-подзолистой почвы в условиях Ярославской области показали, что лучшими характеристиками обладают варианты: система отвальной обработки почвы, фон «Органо-минеральный субстрат + NPK» как с внесением гербицида, так и без его применения при возделывании ярового рапса. В этих условиях снижается общая токсичность почвы, статус микробного токсикоза не меняется, что позволяет сохранять почвенное плодородие, иметь оптимальное фитосанитарное состояние и получать качественный урожай выращиваемых культур. The results of the research of general toxicity level and microbial toxicosis of soddy podzolic gleyic soil at man-caused load are presented. The study of soil toxicity is especially important in agrocenoses, where a person largely regulates the conditions of plant growth. The use of toxicity indicators in assessing agricultural practices allows improving existing technologies in order to avoid undesirable concomitant effects during agrogenic effects on agroecosystems. A comparative analysis of the obtained results showed that the soil of the test area at the beginning of the growing season had a medium and low toxicity class (factor toxicity index (FTI) from 0.63 to 0.82) and at the end of the growing season it had a high and medium toxicity class (FTI from 0.35 to 0.55). Assessment of the microbiological toxicity of the soil of test variants under investigation by seed germination of the test-crop showed mainly the average level of microbial toxicosis: 69.75% on the induced samples, 60.97% on the control samples. The yield of green mass of spring rape was at a low level, which could be associated with unfavorable weather conditions of the growing season and varied from 76 to 218 hkg / ha. Researches conducted to establish influence of man's activities on the toxic status of soddy podzolic soil in the conditions of the Yaroslavl region showed that the best characteristics are options: a system of moldboard tillage, background "Organic-mineral substrate + NPK" both with the herbicide application and without its use in the cultivation of spring rape. Under these conditions the general toxicity of the soil decreases, the status of microbial toxicosis does not change which allows maintaining soil fertility, having an optimal phytosanitary condition and obtaining a quality yield of crops grown.

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