scholarly journals Gum in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shoots induced by methyl jasmonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Saniewski ◽  
Junichi Ueda ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
Jerzy Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L

It has been well known that some fungal pathogens (<i>Monilia laxa, M. fructigena, Cytospora cincta</i>), larvae of <i>Grapholita molesta</i> and plant hormone - ethylene, induce gummosis in apricot shoots. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was also found to induce gummosis in apricot shoots as well as biotic and abiotic factors mentioned above. In order to know the mode of action of JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation, chemical composition of polysaccharides (after hydrolysis) in gums of apricot shoots induced by JA-Me compared with those by ethephon and their mixture, and naturally occurring ones was studied, resulted in the succesful identification of monosaccharides, and the similarity of a composition consisting of xylose, arabinose and galactose at molar ratio 1:10:14, respectively. These results suggest that beside different inducers of gum in apricot the mechanism of polysaccharides biosynthesis of gums is the same or similar. The physiological role for JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation in apricot shoots, and other species are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Methyl Jasmonate, Cytokinin, and Lavender Oil on Antioxidant Enzyme System of Apricot Fruit (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8565
Author(s):  
Seyda Cavusoglu ◽  
Nurettin Yilmaz ◽  
Firat Islek ◽  
Onur Tekin ◽  
Halil Ibrahim Sagbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
And Storage

Various treatments are carried out in order to extend both the shelf life and storage life of fresh fruit and vegetables after harvest and among them non-toxic for humans, environmentally and economically friendly alternative treatments are gained more importance. In the current study, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cytokinin, and lavender oil which are eco-friendly and safe for human health were applied on apricot fruit. The treated fruit were stored at 0 °C and 90–95% relative humidity for 25 days and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of apricots after treatments were studied. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was observed that 5 ppm cytokinin and 1000 ppm lavender oil treatments of apricot fruit gave better APX and CAT enzyme activity, respectively. In addition, better SOD enzyme activity in fruit was obtained with MeJA+lavender oil treatments. As a result, it can be emphasized that the product quality of apricot fruit is preserved as both the eco-friendly application of MeJA, cytokinin, and lavender oil separately from each other and the treatment of combinations between these compounds activate the enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of apricot fruit after harvest.

scholarly journals Determination of the Chemical Composition of the Extract of Apricot Pomace (Prunus armeniaca L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Vorobyova ◽  
◽  
Anastasiia Shakun ◽  
Olena Chygyrynets’ ◽  
Margarita Skiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Apricot Pomace

scholarly journals 520 Methyl Jasmonate Causes Ethylene Production and Abscission in Citrus

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 535C-535
Author(s):  
J.K. Burns ◽  
U. Hartmond ◽  
R. Yuan ◽  
W.J. Kender
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Detachment Force ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Future Work

Methyl jasmonate (Me-Ja) is a naturally occurring ubiquitous compound in plants. Me-Ja is considered to be a putative plant hormone because of its effect on plant processes such as senescence, germination, tuber formation, signal transduction, ethylene production, and abscission at low exogenous concentrations. We applied Me-Ja to fruit or whole trees of `Hamlin' or `Valencia' orange to determine the potential of this compound as a mature fruit abscission agent. Me-Ja (0, 1, 5, 10, or 20 mM in 0.1% Kinetic adjuvant) was applied to whole trees with a handgun or boom sprayer rates of 4850 and 1790 L·ha–1, respectively. Alternatively, tree fruit were dipped in Me-Ja solutions. Fruit drop, leaf drop and ethylene production in both fruit and leaves and fruit detachment force in fruit were monitored at various times up to 2 weeks after application. Me-Ja treatment resulted in increased ethylene production in fruit and leaves 1 to 2 days after application. Fruit detachment force significantly declined 6 to 10 days after application followed by significant fruit drop. Applications of Me-Ja >10 mM resulted in an unacceptable amount of canopy defoliation. The results suggest that Me-Ja has potential as an abscission agent for citrus. Future work will focus on improving uniformity of application and response.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Microstructural Morphology of Spines and Tests of Three Common Sea Urchins Species of the Sublittoral Zone of the Mediterranean Sea

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Anastasios Varkoulis ◽  
Konstantinos Voulgaris ◽  
Stefanos Zaoutsos ◽  
Antonios Stratakis ◽  
Dimitrios Vafidis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temporal Differences ◽  
Sublittoral Zone ◽  
Microstructural Morphology ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the Mediterranean Sea, the species Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis often coexist, occupying different subareas of the same habitat. The mechanical and chemical properties of their calcitic skeletons are affected both by their microstructural morphology and chemical composition. The present study describes the main morphologic features and the possible temporal differences in elemental composition of the test and spines of the three species, while also determining the molar ratio of each element of their crystalline phase. Scanning electron microscopy showed major differences in the ultrastructure of the spines, while minor differences in the test were also noticed. More specifically, the spines of all three sea urchins possess wedges, however A. lixula exhibits bridges connecting each wedge, while barbs are observed in the wedges of S. granularis. The spines of P. lividus are devoid of both microstructures. Secondary tubercles are absent in the test of A. lixula, while the tests and spines of all three species are characterized by different superficial stereom. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy detected that Ca, Mg, S, Na and Cl were present in all specimen. Mg and Mg/Ca showed significant differences between species both in test and spines with S. granularis having the highest concentration. The spines of P. lividus exhibited lowest values between all species. Differences between spines and test were observed in all elements for P. lividus except S. A. lixula exhibited different concentrations between test and spines for Ca, Mg and Mg/Ca, whereas S. granularis for Mg, Cl and Mg/Ca. Finally, temporal differences for Ca were observed in the test of P. lividus and the spines of S. granularis, for Mg in test of S. granularis, for S in the spines of A. lixula and the test and spine of S. granularis, for Na in the test of P. lividus and A. lixula and for Cl and Mg/Ca in the test P. lividus. Powder X-ray diffractometry determined that, out of all three species, the spines of P. lividus contained the least Mg, while the test of the same species exhibited higher Mg concentration compared to A. lixula and S. granularis. The current study, although not labeling the specimens attempts to estimate potential time-related elemental differences among other results. These may occur due to changes in abiotic factors, probably water temperature, salinity and/or pH. Divergence in food preference and food availability may also play a key role in possible temporal differences the skeletons of these species

scholarly journals Diversity and Relationships among Neglected Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Landraces Using Morphological Traits and SSR Markers: Implications for Agro-Biodiversity Conservation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Corrado ◽  
Marcello Forlani ◽  
Rosa Rao ◽  
Boris Basile
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Maintenance Breeding ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Ex Situ Collection ◽  
Loss Of Diversity ◽  
Ssrs Markers ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Simple Sequence

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is an economically important tree species globally cultivated in temperate areas. Italy has an ample number of traditional varieties, but numerous landraces are abandoned and at risk of extinction because of increasing urbanization, agricultural intensification, and varietal renewal. In this work, we investigated the morphological and genetic diversity present in an ex-situ collection of 28 neglected varieties belonging to the so-called “Vesuvian apricot”. Our aim was to understand the level of diversity and the possible link between the promotion of specific fruit types (e.g., by public policies) and the intraspecific variation in apricot. The combination of five continuous and seven categorical traits allowed us to phenotypically distinguish the varieties; while fruit quality-related attributes displayed high variation, both apricot size and skin colour were more uniform. The twelve fluorescent-based Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers identified cultivar-specific molecular profiles and revealed a high molecular diversity, which poorly correlated with that described by the morphological analysis. Our results highlighted the complementary information provided by the two sets of descriptors and that DNA markers are necessary to separate morphologically related apricot landraces. The observed morphological and genetic differences suggest a loss of diversity influenced by maintenance breeding of specific pomological traits (e.g., skin colour and size). Finally, our study provided evidence to recommend complementary strategies to avoid the loss of diversity in apricot. Actions should pivot on both the promotion of easily identified premium products and more inclusive biodiversity-centred on-farm strategies.

scholarly journals Identification, Phylogeny, and Comparative Expression of the Lipoxygenase Gene Family of the Aquatic Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, during Growth and in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salt

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9527
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Upadhyay ◽  
Marvin Edelman ◽  
Autar K. Mattoo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Lipoxygenase Gene ◽  
Lipoxygenase Gene Family

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyze the oxygenation of fatty acids and produce oxylipins, including the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Little information is available about the LOX gene family in aquatic plants. We identified a novel LOX gene family comprising nine LOX genes in the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza (greater duckweed). The reduced anatomy of S. polyrhiza did not lead to a reduction in LOX family genes. The 13-LOX subfamily, with seven genes, predominates, while the 9-LOX subfamily is reduced to two genes, an opposite trend from known LOX families of other plant species. As the 13-LOX subfamily is associated with the synthesis of JA/MeJA, its predominance in the Spirodela genome raises the possibility of a higher requirement for the hormone in the aquatic plant. JA-/MeJA-based feedback regulation during culture aging as well as the induction of LOX gene family members within 6 h of salt exposure are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Soil microbiomes mediate degradation of vinyl ester-based polymer composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Breister ◽  
Muhammad A. Imam ◽  
Zhichao Zhou ◽  
Md Ariful Ahsan ◽  
Juan C. Noveron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Acrylate Esters ◽  
Bacterial Groups

AbstractPolymer composites are attractive for structural applications in the built environment due to their lightweight and high strength properties but suffer from degradation due to environmental factors. While abiotic factors like temperature, moisture, and ultraviolet light are well studied, little is known about the impacts of naturally occurring microbial communities on their structural integrity. Here we apply complementary time-series multi-omics of biofilms growing on polymer composites and materials characterization to elucidate the processes driving their degradation. We measured a reduction in mechanical properties due to biologically driven molecular chain breakage of esters and reconstructed 121 microbial genomes to describe microbial diversity and pathways associated with polymer composite degradation. The polymer composite microbiome is dominated by four bacterial groups including the Candidate Phyla Radiation that possess pathways for breakdown of acrylate, esters, and bisphenol, abundant in composites. We provide a foundation for understanding interactions of next-generation structural materials with their natural environment that can predict their durability and drive future designs.

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