scholarly journals Cropfield-weed communities of northern Poland on the eastern and western sides of the Vistula

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szweja
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Vistula Delta

The research was carried out in the following 9 mesoregions of northem Poland, located on either side of the Vistula: Cassubian Coast, Cassubian Lakeland, Elbląg Plateaux, Górowo Plateaux, Ermelandic Plain, Iława Lakeland, Vistula Delta, Starogard Lakeland and Lower Vistula Valley. A total of 11 cropfield-weed communities have been distinguished and described. Those found in cereal crops included: <em>Teesdaleo-Arnoseridetum, Papaveretum argemones</em>, a transition community between <em>Vicietum tetraspermae</em> and <em>Aphano-Matricarietum, Aphano-Matricarietum, Lathvro-Melandrietum</em> and <em>Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti</em>. In root crops the occurrence was found of: <em>Digitarietum ischaemii, Echinochloo-Setarietum, Lamio-Veronicetum politae, Galinsogo-Setarietum, Fumarietum officinalis</em> and <em>Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti</em>. Due to the presence in the patches of most communities, especially root crop communities, of many common species, they show a number of similarities, floristic and structural.

scholarly journals Biotic homogenization and differentiation in weed vegetation over the last 70 years

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Šilc
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Biotic Homogenization ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Cereal Fields ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBiotic homogenization is the increasing similarity of the species composition of communities over time and represents a loss of biodiversity. We analysed changes in weed vegetation over a period of 70 years by comparing three datasets (from 1939, 2002 and 2012) sampled with the same methodology. We present the results of changes in species richness, homogenization and differentiation as expanding neophytes and generalist species. The species richness of weed communities decreased and the number of neophytes in cereal fields and root crops increased over time. The decreased ratio of specialists to generalists in vernal communities and cereal crops indicates homogenization, while the ratio of generalists to specialists increased in root crops.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of low cost Root Crop Harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Ratnesh Sharma ◽  
Shiv Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Surpal Singh Chouhan ◽  
Udit Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chain Drive ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Data Book ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Vegetables

AbstractIn India agriculture is one of the most important sources of employment for the farmers and almost everything depends on agriculture. Root vegetables and crops are hard to remove from the soil and it takes much of the farmer’s time. Even after removing these crops manually farmers are not able to achieve 100% recovery of the crops. When these crops are taken out manually this process require many precautions from the farmer. Due to human error approximate 20-30% of root vegetables and crops are left out in the field. Rich farmers can afford the proper machinery to cultivate the root crops but poor farmers are not able to afford such types of machinery. Hence, the objective of the present study was to design and simulate low cost root crop harvesting machines for poorer farmers. The machine consists of a frame, chain drive, gears, shaft, seed drill ground wheel, plough and storage container. All the measurements, dimensions and material selections were taken as per ASTM-A36 and the design hand data book. The design of the Root Crop Harvester was done mathematically and finally validated using CAD software.

The Structure of Weed Communities in Saskatchewan Fields

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. T. Dale ◽  
A. Gordon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Different Soils

This paper describes the communities of weeds in cereal and oilseed crops in Saskatchewan, using data collected in a 4-yr survey that sampled more than 400 fields. The survey data for the 40 most common weeds were analyzed in an attempt to distinguish natural groups of weed species and to compare the weed communities associated with the different crops and with different soils. The crops were barley (Hordeum vulgareL.), flax (Linum usitatissimumL.), oats (Avena sativaL.), rape (Brassica campestrisL.,Brassica napusL.), and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Phytosociological association and cluster analysis indicated that the associations of the weed species were more or less independent of the crop, although some differences existed and were determined more by soil or the associated climate. The 40 most common species were divided into three groups related to the soil and climatic subregions of the province.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR TRIMMING THE REMNANTS OF THE HILLOCK AND THE DESIGNS OF THE CUTTER HEADS OF ROOT CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (38) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
V. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Working Bodies

Reducing the damage and loss of root crops during their mechanized harvesting, or performing the operation of trimming the remnants of the root from the heads of the roots, is an urgent scientific task. Improving the quality of root crop harvesting is achieved through the development and justification of the parameters of improved designs of trimmings of the remains of the boar from the heads of the roots. In the article, on the basis of the analysis of methods of removal of the remains of a hillock from the heads of root crops and working bodies, an improved design of the cutter of the heads of roots is proposed, which is made on the principle of "passive copier-active knife".Key words: module for harvesting the swill, rotary swath cutter, passive copier, active knife, parallelogram suspension, compensator.

scholarly journals Distribution of the European water vole Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) in Mazowsze and southern Podlasie

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Grzegorz LESIŃSKI ◽  
◽  
Marek KOWALSKI ◽  
Przemysław STOLARZ ◽  
Jakub GRYZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
European Water ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Set Up

The paper presents distribution of the European water vole Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) in Mazowsze and southern Podlasie in areas situated within a 120-kilometer radius from Warsaw. Data published so far and unpublished results from analyses of the diet of three common species of owls were set up. The rodent is rare in the study area, especially when compared with southern, western and far northern Poland. Its largest population lives in Kampinos Forest, from where many localities are known. In other parts of the study area it is present locally. Only 14 localities were known outside Kampinos Forest in the years 2000–2017. It is even absent from large areas rich in various water bodies like e.g. Mazowiecki and Chojnowski Landscape Parks or Bolimowska Forest. Rarity of the European water vole was confirmed by 235 large samples of owls’ food (at least 100 of vertebrate prey in each) equally distributed across Mazowsze and southern Podlasie, in which this species was not found.

scholarly journals Перспективные сорта свеклы столовой на различных фонах минерального питания

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Timakova ◽  
V.A. Borisov ◽  
N.A. Filroze
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Alluvial Meadow ◽  
Selection Of

В статье представлены результаты испытания новых отечественных сортов свеклы столовой в Московской области на различных фонах минерального питания: контроль без удобрений, N120P60K180 (расчетная доза) и N240P120K360 (двойная доза). Количество удобрений рассчитывалось согласно схеме опыта по фонам питания и по процентному содержанию действующего вещества. Почва опытного участка относится к типу аллювиальных луговых, среднесуглинистая, насыщенная, влагоемкая. Погодные условия наиболее благоприятно для роста и развития растений свеклы столовой складывались в периоды вегетации 20142017 годов. Особенность погодных условий 20182019 годов неравномерное выпадение осадков, что повлияло на время прорастания семян. Дефицит влаги в период вегетации компенсировали поливами методом дождевания, поддерживая НВ на уровне 7580 . В 20142019 годах изучали сорта свекла столовой селекции Агрохолдинга Поиск для товарного производства: с округлой формой корнеплода Креолка, Мулатка, Русская односемянная, Эфиопка цилиндрической Славянка округло-плоской Смуглянка. Урожайность корнеплодов на фоне без удобрений изменялась от 36,5 (Мулатка) до 47,9 т/га (Славянка). Внесение удобрений в рекомендуемой дозе способствовало прибавке урожая, в среднем, на 20,3 без снижения товарности продукции. Наиболее отзывчивы на минеральные удобрения в расчетной дозе (N120P60K180) оказались сорта Мулатка (33,1) и Смуглянка (29). Внесение удвоенных доз минеральных удобрений не повлекло за собой дальнейшего увеличения урожайности культуры. Сорт Креолка показал на фоне (N240P120K360) наибольшую урожайность 58,6 т/га. Выращивание свеклы столовой с применением удобрений в расчетной и удвоенной дозах уменьшает вариабельность урожайности сортов по годам.Results of testing of new domestic cultivars in the Moscow region on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition: control (without fertilizers), N120P60K180 (calculated dose) and N240P120K360 (double dose) are presented. The amount of fertilizers was calculated according to the scheme of the experiment by nutrition backgrounds and by the percentage of active substance. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the type of alluvial meadow, medium-loamy, saturated, moisture-intensive. Weather conditions were most favourable for the growth and development of table beet plants during the growing season of 20142017. A feature of the weather conditions of 20182019 was uneven precipitation, which affected the time of germination of seeds. The lack of moisture during the growing season was compensated by irrigation by sprinkling, maintaining the HB at the level of 8085. In 20142019, we studied varieties of beet of table selection of Poisk Agro Holding for commercial production: with a rounded root crop Kreolka, Mulatka, Russkaya odnosemyannaya, Efiopka cylindrical root crop Slavyanka round Smuglyanka. The yield of root crops on the background without fertilizers varied from 36.5 (mulatto) to 47.9 t/ha (Slavyanka). Application of fertilizers in the recommended dose contributed to an increase in yield, on average, by 20.3 without reducing the marketability of products. The most responsive to mineral fertilizers in the calculated dose (N120P60K180) were varieties Mulatka (33.1) and Smuglyanka (29). The introduction of doubled doses of mineral fertilizers did not lead to a further increase in crop yield. The Creole variety showed a maximum yield of 58.6 t/ha against the background (N240P120K360) growing table beet with the use of fertilizers in calculated and doubled doses reduces the variability in the yield of varieties over the years.

scholarly journals Arable weeds of the Scottish Borders

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Braithwaite ◽  
Luke Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Arable Weeds ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Poor Communities

Many years of fieldwork have led the authors to hypothesise that there is a single relatively species-rich arable weed community present across the Scottish Borders that is best expressed in broad-leaved root crops and in set-aside on imperfectly-drained soils, while the species-poor communities typically found in cereal crops are a degraded form of this. 102 samples have been studied to test this hypothesis and to search for a community typical of slightly calcareous well-drained soils. The community typical of imperfectly-drained soils has been defined and is considered to be a species-rich variant of the NVC OV13 Stellaria media-Capsella bursa-pectoris open habitat community. Species typical of well-drained soils have been shown to be scarce and not to form a distinct community, though they may well have done so in the past.

scholarly journals Plant communities in arable fields of the Skierbieszów Landscape Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Marta Ziemińska-Smyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Loess Soils ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Segetal Communities ◽  
Protected Zone

Floristic research on segetal communities was carried out in 2000 on arable fields in the Skierbieszów Landscape Park and its protected zone. Three communities of segetal weeds in cereal crops, and two communities of segetal weeds in root crops were separated in the arable fields of the Skierbieszów Landscape Park. The community <i>Vicietum tetraspermae typicum</i> commonly occurred in cereal crops on brown soils developed from loess soils. The community <i>Echinochloo-Setarietum</i>, which belongs to root crops, was noted in the same habitat. The greatest richness of species was found in <i>Consolido-Brometum</i> and <i>Lamio Veronicetum politae</i>, with the average of 25 species in one record. Both communities were abundant in rare segetal species which are considered to be endangered in our country: <i>Adonis aestivalis</i>, <i>Euphorbia exigua</i>, <i>Lathyrus tuberosus</i>, <i>Muscari comosum</i>, <i>Thlaspi perfoliatum</i>, <i>Veronica polita</i>, <i>Agrostemma githago</i>.

Component composition, in vitro gas and methane production profiles of fruit by-products and leaves of root crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Melesse ◽  
H. Steingass ◽  
M. Schollenberger ◽  
M. Rodehutscord
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Mango Seed ◽  
Pineapple Pulp ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sweet Potato Leaves

AbstractThe current study was conducted to evaluate the component composition, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro gas production (GP) and methane (CH4) production profiles of fruit by-products (pineapple pulp, mango seed kernels, banana and papaya peel, Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera seeds) and leaves of root crops (sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas], cassava [Manihot esculenta], yam [Dioscorea abyssinica], enset [Ensete ventricosum] and samma [Urtica simensis]). Root crop leaves had high crude protein (CP) ranging from 211 to 318 g/kg dry matter (DM) in yam and samma, respectively. M. stenopetala seeds contained the highest CP (450 g/kg DM). Samma leaves were rich in calcium (58.6 g/kg DM) and iron (1186 mg/kg DM). Leaves of root crops had similar concentrations of essential amino acids with appreciable values. Total phenols were highest in mango seed kernels (158 g/kg DM). The asymptotic GP at 96 h incubation of pineapple pulp, papaya and banana peel was 397, 358 and 279 ml/g DM, respectively, and differed significantly from each other. Sweet potato and yam leaves produced 238 and 225 ml/g DM GP, respectively, being significantly higher than those of other root crops. CH4 production was significantly lowest in Moringa seeds, mango seed kernels and sweet potato leaves. In conclusion, fruit by-products have the potential as energy sources and root crop leaves as protein supplements for ruminant and non-ruminant animals. Moringa seeds, mango seed kernels and sweet potato leaves were identified as potential candidates in mitigating CH4 emissions in tropical livestock with animal-based experiments recommended to validate the in vitro findings.

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