scholarly journals Influence of herbicides on growth of one-year-old trees of sour cherry cv. Łutówka

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Justyna Wieniarska ◽  
Irena Wójcik ◽  
Salwina Palonka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

The studies performed in 1997 - 1999 have shown that herbicides such as Azotop 50 (simazine, 6-chloro-N, N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in the dose lkg ha<sup>-1</sup> or Afalon 50 WP (linuron, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea) in dose 1,5 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> or its mixture with Dual 960 EC (metolachlor, 2-chloro-N(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide) in dose 1,5 l ha<sup>-1</sup> applied in early spring significantly decreased number of weeds in nursery of sourcherry trees cv. Lut6wka budded on <em>Prunus mahaleb</em> L rootstocks as compared with mechanical weed control. Both, Azotop 50 and Azotop 50 in mixture with Dual 960 EC eliminated weeds for the longer period than Afalon 50 WP and Afalon 50 WP with Dual 960 EC. Herbicides did not affect tree trunk diameter (at 30 cm. from the ground level), the number and total length of shoots of one-year-old sour cherry trees in comparison with mechanical control of weeds.

scholarly journals Influence of the date of cut of rootstocks to the stub on growth of maider sour cherry trees cv. 'Łutówka'

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Magdalena Kapłan ◽  
Salwina Palonka ◽  
Irena Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Cherry Trees

Over a three-year period (1997-1999) investigations were conducted on the effect of 6 date of cut to the stub on tree trunk diameter, height and branching of sour cherry maidens in the nursery.On the <i>Prunus mahaleb</i> seedling rootstock were found no significant influen ce of the date between January, 15 - March, 30 of cut to the stub on growth of sour cherry maidens cv. ´Łutówka' (tree trunk diameter and branching) and efficiency of nursery. The date of cutting in 15 April decreased trunk diameter and percent of the first quality trees.

scholarly journals Influence of the methods of budding on growth and quality of one-year-old trees of apple cv. Red Elstar 'Elshof'

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Justyna Wieniarska ◽  
Piotr Kiczorowski ◽  
Janusz Mazurek ◽  
Irena Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nursery Field

The experiment was carried out during 1995-1997 in the experimental nursery field of the Agricultural University of Lublin, Poland, in Lublin-Felin. M.9 (EMLA) apple rootstocks were planted at 0,9 - 0,3 (m). No significant differences in tree trunk diameter, tree height and total extension growth of one-year-old shoots between chipand T-budded apple maiden trees of 'Red Elstar Elshof' were found. Chip budding increased the number of trees of first quality about twofold in comparison with T-budding, however, this difference was not significant. Either method of budding considerably influenced the rate of growth of apple trees in nursery. The highest rate of tree growth was observed in May and June.

scholarly journals First results of varios sour cherry cultivar on Oblacsinska as interstocks and Prunus mahaleb rootstocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Davarynejad ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
E. Davarynejad ◽  
T. Szabó ◽  
Z. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
First Results ◽  
Prunus Avium L

At the experiment orchard of the Fruit Research and Extension Institute, Újfehértó, Hungary in spring 2000 a trial was designed included: Erdi bőtermő, Debreceni bőtermő, and Csengődi sour cherry (Prunus avium L) cultivars which were budded at 1999 on Oblacsinska sour cherry (as a dwarf inter stock), which had been budded on Prunus mahaleb seedlings at 1998 with the aim to investigate the dwarfing effects of Oblacsinska sour cherry cultivars on scion cultivars. Trees of each cultivar directly on Prunus mahaleb seedling, severd as controls. Use of Oblacsinska as an interstock reduced the rootstock trunk diameter. Trees of Debreceni bőtermő, and Cseng6di sour cherry cultivars with Oblacsinska interstock were smaller than similar trees grafted directly onto Prunus mahaleb as a rootstock. Trees of Erdi bőtermő grafted on Oblacsinska interstock which buded on Prunus mahaleb were the smallest. Growth of the trees was reduced also by using of the Oblacsinszka as interstock for other examined cultivars.

scholarly journals Influence of kind of trees on flowering and yielding of sour cherry cultivar Łutówka

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Marcin Kaca
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
One Year ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Flowering Intensity

In no examined years of the studies were found no significant differences of flowering intensity between the ownoroots trees of the cultivar Łutówka and trees budded on <i>Prunus mahaleb</i>. The kind of trees clearly, but not significantly, affected fruit mass. The growth of the ownroot "in vitro" trees were significantly less than the trees budded on <i>Prunus mahaleb</i> seedling. Fruit set and yielding of the own root trees were higher, but only in one year of study significantly higher.

Size/age distribution and vegetative recovery of Eucalyptus niphophila (snowgum, Myrtaceae) one year after fire in Kosciuszko National Park

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Marina Pickering ◽  
Kristy Barry
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Epicormic Shoots ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Regression Formula ◽  
The Future ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Age Estimates

Size/age distribution and vegetative regeneration were examined for 50 Eucalyptus niphophila Maiden & Blakely trees in each of eight subalpine sites in Kosciuszko National Park 1 year after the January–February 2003 bushfires. Trees sampled were generally large and mature, with an average of 2.5 trunks, lignotuber diameter of 54 cm and largest trunk diameter of 18 cm, with a few larger trees at all sites. Converting the girth of largest trunk into rough age estimates by using an existing regression formula gave an approximate minimum (~29 years), maximum (~186 years), median (~58 years) and average age of ~64 years (error of ~15 years). For trees with trunks after fire, 96.5% had lost all existing leaves. Nearly all trees (95%) had shoots from the lignotuber, but only 4.25% of trees had also epicormic shoots on trunks and stems. Size/age were related to some but not all measures of regeneration. In the future, existing trunks could senesce, with nearly all regrowth from the lignotubers. This could result in a change from open woodlands with large/old trees with a few trunks to closed woodlands of lower-growing trees with a mallee form.

scholarly journals The effect of different weed control technologies on yield of maize and profitability of maize production

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
István Kristó ◽  
Gábor Vaczkó ◽  
Melinda Tar ◽  
Péter Jakab ◽  
László Hódi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In our investigation, we used different weed control technologies in the different phenology states of the maize. The farm experiment has been carried out in 2017, in Hungary, Kunágota, on good quality chernozem soil, on 20 x 50 m plots. The experiment can be regarded as 9 weed-control strategies where, in addition to the untreated control, two chemicals are applied (Laudis, Capreno) in different doses, two mechanical weed-control technologies, and two combination of chemicals and mechanical weed-control technologies were used. Mechanical weed-control was connected to the herbicide treatments in different times: until 4-6-leaves age weedless, in 4-6-leaves age hoed once, in 4-6-leaves age cultivation once. In our farm experiment, there were assessed the number of plants, length of plants, leaf number of maize, corncob-number, corncob-length, line number of corncob, thousand seed weight yield and profitability of maize production. Our results were evaluated by a one-factor analysis of variance. Our one-year weed control experiment show that Capreno performed better, than Laudis with respect of plant height, number of leaves, length of corn-cob, number of lines of corn-cob, thousand seed weight and yield. By increasing the dose of Capreno, all the tested values of crop elements degraded except for plant height, so the crop yield also decreased.

Response of corn, soybean and wheat crops to fertilizer and herbicides in Ohio compared with low-input production practices

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Munn ◽  
G. Coffing ◽  
G. Sautter
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

AbstractSynthetic inputs have become the norm in cash grain production in the Midwest U.S., but do they really increase profitability compared with low-input production methods? This study reports a comparison of cash grain yields, quality and profitability under two management systems, low-input practices and conventional practices. The crop sequence was corn, soybean, and wheat - medium red clover green manure. Low-input practices included crop rotation, manure, and mechanical weed control. Conventional practices added starter fertilizer, side-dress N for corn, early spring topdress N for wheat and herbicides to the low-input practices. The conventional inputs increased yields in each of the five growing seasons, 1992–96. Weather, N fertilizer and weed control appeared to explain much of the yield and grain quality variation. Soil P and K levels were maintained or increased by manure use. Plant foliar analysis indicated that soil macronutrients were mostly in the sufficient range for both management systems. Economic return in excess of the additional cost of the fertilizer and herbicides averaged $172.63 ha−1 for soybean, $165.63 ha−1 for corn and minus $19.19 ha−1 for wheat over the five-year study. Fertilizer and herbicides did pay with corn and soybean, but not with wheat under the conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Effect of tree pruning intensity on the content of mineral components in the sour cherry leaves of ‘Łutówka’

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rutkowski ◽  
Zofia Zydlik ◽  
Aleksander Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tree Pruning ◽  
Pruning Intensity

Abstract The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of' tree pruning intensity on the content of nutrients in leaves of the ‘Łutówka’ sour cherry cultivar (Prunus cerasus L.). Between 2006 and 2010 an experiment with different tree pruning intensity was carried out. The study material consisted of first- class one-year old budded plants of the ‘Łutówka’ cultivar IR2 type, on Prunus mahaleb rootstock. The plants were planted in the spring of 2001 (orchard 1) and 2002 (orchard 2) and spaced at 4.0 × 1.3 m2, giving a total of 1.920 trees ha−1. Three pruning regimes were applied in the plantation: 1) no pruning; (only sanitation felling was applied), 2) moderate traditional pruning - branches were shortened, 3) intensive pruning by removing branches older than three years. The cherry tree pruning intensity significantly influenced the content of mineral components in leaves. The content of N increased, whereas the content of Ca and Mg decreased. The maximum temperatures at the beginning of the growth period had particularly beneficial effect on the P and K content. Chilly and dry spring limited the P and K content in the plants. The content of minerals in sour cherry leaves depended on the age of trees.

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

Postemergence Control of Italian Ryegrass in Hazelnut Orchards

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Marcelo L. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Herbicide Use

Abstract Italian ryegrass has become a problematic weed in hazelnut orchards of Oregon because of the presence of herbicide-resistant populations. Resistant and multiple-resistant Italian ryegrass populations are now the predominant biotypes in Oregon; there is no information on which herbicides effectively control Italian ryegrass in hazelnut orchards. Six field studies were conducted in commercial orchards to evaluate Italian ryegrass control with POST herbicides. Treatments included flazasulfuron, glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat, rimsulfuron, and sethoxydim applied alone or in selected mixtures during early spring when plants were in the vegetative stage. Treatment efficacy was dependent on the experimental site. The observed range of weed control 28 d after treatment was 13 to 76 % for glyphosate, 1 to 72% for paraquat, 58 to 88% for glufosinate, 16 to 97 % for flazasulfuron, 8 to 94% for rimsulfuron, and 25 to 91% for sethoxydim. Herbicides in mixtures improved control of Italian ryegrass compared to single active ingredients based on contrast analysis. Herbicides in mixture increased control by 27% compared to glyphosate, 18% to rimsulfuron, 15% to flazasulfuron, 19% to sethoxydim, and 12% compared to glufosinate when averaged across all sites, but mixture not always improved ground coverage of biomass reduction. This complex site-specific response highlights the importance of record-keeping for efficient herbicide use. Glufosinate is an effective option to manage Italian ryegrass. However, the glufosinate-resistant biotypes documented in Oregon may jeopardize this practice. Non-chemical weed control options are needed for sustainable weed management in hazelnuts.

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