scholarly journals Comparison of defence responses to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato plants propagated in vitro and grown in vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Patykowski ◽  
Elżbieta Kuźniak ◽  
Henryk Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Defence Reactions

Defence reactions: O<sub>2<sub> - generation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities after <em>B. cinerea</em> infection in tomato plants propagated <em>in vitro</em> and grown <em>in vivo</em> have been compared. Infection resulted in rapid O<sub>2<sub> - generation. Superoxide dismutase activity increase was slower than O<sub>2<sub> - response. In plants propagated <em>in vitro</em> catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities after infection were induced less strongly than in plants grown <em>in vivo</em>. K<sub>2<sub>HPO<sub>4<sub> pretreatment of plants grown <em>in vitro</em> enhanced significantly the activities of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase after infection. Slight restriction of <em>B. cinerea</em> infection development in <em>in vitro</em> propagated plants pretreated with K<sub>2<sub>HP0<sub>4<sub> was observed.

Tetrandrine, a potent antifungal agent: inhibits mycelial growth and virulence of Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingliang Li ◽  
jian zou ◽  
Yanhan Dong ◽  
jintao Jiang ◽  
Wenxing Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Grey Mold

Tetrandrine (TET) is a potent calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of hypertension and inflammation. Currently, TET is predominantly used to treat a variety of human diseases, and there is little information regarding the use of TET against plant pathogens. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of TET on a plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. We show that administration of low concentrations of TET effectively inhibited hyphal growth of fungus grown on potato dextrose agarose, and decreased the virulence of B. cinerea in tomato plants. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of drug efflux pump related genes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, multi-drug/pheromone exporter, pleiotropic drug resistance protein 1, and synaptic vesicle transporter) were down-regulated in the presence of TET. Finally, we show that TET acts synergistically with iprodione, resulting in increased inhibition of B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that TET might act as an effective antifungal agent in reducing grey mold disease.

Superoxide, Xanthine Oxidase and Platelet Reactions: Further Studies on Mechanisms by which Oxidants Influence Platelets

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Levine ◽  
Danielle G Sladdin ◽  
Norman I Krinsky
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Release Reaction

SummaryIn the course of studying the effects on platelets of the oxidant species superoxide (O- 2), Of was generated by the interaction of xanthine oxidase plus xanthine. Surprisingly, gel-filtered platelets, when exposed to xanthine oxidase in the absence of xanthine substrate, were found to generate superoxide (O- 2), as determined by the reduction of added cytochrome c and by the inhibition of this reduction in the presence of superoxide dismutase.In addition to generating Of, the xanthine oxidase-treated platelets display both aggregation and evidence of the release reaction. This xanthine oxidase induced aggreagtion is not inhibited by the addition of either superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c, suggesting that it is due to either a further metabolite of O- 2, or that O- 2 itself exerts no important direct effect on platelet function under these experimental conditions. The ability of Of to modulate platelet reactions in vivo or in vitro remains in doubt, and xanthine oxidase is an unsuitable source of O- 2 in platelet studies because of its own effects on platelets.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Zinc phosphate protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Quaglia ◽  
Marika Bocchini ◽  
Benedetta Orfei ◽  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Franco Famiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Plant Defence Responses

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether zinc phosphate treatments of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) can attenuate bacterial speck disease severity through reduction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) growth in planta and induce morphological and biochemical plant defence responses. Tomato plants were treated with 10 ppm (25.90 µM) zinc phosphate and then spray inoculated with strain DAPP-PG 215, race 0 of Pst. Disease symptoms were recorded as chlorosis and/or necrosis per leaf (%) and as numbers of necrotic spots. Soil treatments with zinc phosphate protected susceptible tomato plants against Pst, with reductions in both disease severity and pathogen growth in planta. The reduction of Pst growth in planta combined with significantly higher zinc levels in zinc-phosphate-treated plants indicated direct antimicrobial toxicity of this microelement, as also confirmed by in vitro assays. Morphological (i.e. callose apposition) and biochemical (i.e., expression of salicylic-acid-dependent pathogenesis-related protein PR1b1 gene) defence responses were induced by the zinc phosphate treatment, as demonstrated by histochemical and qPCR analyses, respectively. In conclusion, soil treatments with zinc phosphate can protect tomato plants against Pst attacks through direct antimicrobial activity and induction of morphological and biochemical plant defence responses.

scholarly journals Stable Mn(III) porphyrins mimic superoxide dismutase in vitro and substitute for it in vivo.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (38) ◽  
pp. 23471-23476 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Faulkner ◽  
S.I. Liochev ◽  
I. Fridovich
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase

Abstract 34: Endogenous Superoxide Dismutase Protects From Impaired Generation of Activated Protein C and Enhanced Susceptibility to Experimental Thrombosis in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjana Dayal ◽  
Sean X Gu ◽  
Katinan M Wilson ◽  
Ryan Hutchins ◽  
Steven R Lentz
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Endothelial Protein C Receptor ◽  
Experimental Thrombosis

In vitro studies have suggested that reactive oxygen species such as superoxide can produce prothrombotic effects, including enhanced platelet activation, increased tissue factor (TF) expression, and an oxidative modification in thrombomodulin impairing its capacity to enhance the generation of activated protein C (APC) by thrombin. It is not known, however, if elevated levels of superoxide accelerate susceptibility to experimental thrombosis in vivo . We used mice genetically deficient in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1, an antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide), to test the hypothesis that lack of SOD1 enhances susceptibility to thrombosis. Susceptibility to carotid artery thrombosis in a photochemical injury model demonstrated that Sod1-/- mice formed stable occlusions significantly faster than Sod1+/+ mice (P<0.05). In an inferior vena cava (IVC) stasis model Sod1- /- mice developed significantly larger thrombi 48 hours after IVC ligation (P<0.05 vs. Sod1+/+ mice). After activation with thrombin (0.5 U/ml) or convulxin (200 ng/ml), no differences in surface expression of P-selectin or binding of fibrinogen were observed between platelets from Sod1-/- and Sod1+/+ mice. The expression of TF mRNA in lung measured by real time qPCR showed similar levels in Sod1-/- and Sod1 +/+ mice. However, the activation of exogenous protein C by thrombin in lung homogenates was decreased in Sod1 -/- mice (P<0.05 vs. Sod1 +/+ mice). Further, in vivo generation of activated protein C in response to thrombin (40 U/Kg) infusion was significantly lower in Sod1-/- mice (P<0.05 vs. Sod1+/+ mice). No differences in mRNA levels for thrombomodulin or endothelial protein C receptor were detected in Sod1 -/- mice vs. Sod1 +/+ mice, suggesting that altered generation of activated protein C in Sod1-/- mice may be related to a direct oxidative effect on thrombomodulin. In accordance, thrombomodulin treated with xanthine/hypoxanthine showed 40% loss of ability to activate protein C that was overcome by addition of SOD and catalase (P<0.05). We conclude that endogenous SOD1 in mice protects from impaired generation of activated protein C and accelerated thrombosis.

scholarly journals The activity of superoxide-dismutase in animal cell culture CHO-K1 after treatment with fullerenol and mytomicine C

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visnja Bogdanovic ◽  
Marija Slavic ◽  
Jasminka Mrdjanovic ◽  
Slavica Solajic ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Sod Activity

Eukaryotic cell survives in predominantly reduced conditions. Homeostasis of cellular redox system is an imperative of cell surviving and its normal metabolism. ROS are well recognized for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems. These species are mutagenic compounds known to lead to DNA damage, favor cell transformation, and contribute to the development of a variety of malignant diseases. All the effects of oxidants are influenced by the cellular antioxidant defenses. This multilayer system consists of low molecular weight components and several antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the only enzymes dismuting superoxide radicals. Mitomycin C, a cross-linking agent, demonstrated genotoxicity in all in vitro and in vivo test systems in mammalian cells and animals. Water-soluble fullerenes are well known as cytotoxic agents for many cell lines in vitro. At the other side, fullerenols are good free radical scavengers and antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo. This paper investigates the effects of fullerenol on survival and fullerenol/ /mytomicine (MMC) treatment on superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity in CHO-K1 cells. Samples were treated 3 and 24 h with fullerenol (C60(OH)24) at concentration range 0.01-0.5 mg/mL and survival was monitored with dye exclusion test (DET). The activity of total SOD was estimated in samples treated with chosen concentrations of fullerenol and MMC (0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL) after 3 and 24 h of cell incubation. Increasing of C60(OH)24 concentration leads to decreasing of percent of surviving cells 3 and 24 h after incubation. The activity of total SOD enhanced with higher concentration of fullerenol, while decreased in the highest concentration at both experimental points. In samples treated with MMC, as well as in samples treated with fullerenol (0.0625 mg/mL) + MMC was noticed boost in total SOD activity in comparison with controls. Treatment with fullerenol decreased SOD activity in rest of samples treated with MMC. Decreased activity of superoxide-dismutase in almost all samples treated with fullerenol and MMC might be contributed to antioxidative properties of fullerenol. Increased enzyme level at concentration of 0.0625 mg/mL may be due to its prooxidative activity.

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