scholarly journals The stuble-field plant communities in South-East Poland. Part V. The comparative characteristics of stuble-fleld plant communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Czesława Trąba
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Structure ◽  
Field Plant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Setaria Glauca

In this of the presented paper results of the studies conducted in preceding four parts (I-IV) were synthetically assumed. On that background a comparative characteristics of specified stuble-field plant communities was conducted. It contains the most important features of communities and seats, in which they appear. In climatically, geomorphologically, hydrologically and with respect to soils differentiated conditions of South-East Poland, especially in former Rzeszów region, there were described stubble-field plant communities occurring as well on lowland, as on highland agricultural utility complexes. There were analysed 359 phytosociological records, in which 232 ones came from lowland, while 127 from highland complexes. The specified communities were included to two orders: <i>Secali-Violetalia arvensis</i> (suborder <i>Polygono-Chenopodienalia</i> : alliances <i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> and <i>Panico-Setarion</i>) and <i>Cyperetalia fusci</i> (alliance <i>Nanocyperion flavescentis</i>). On the lowland agricultural utility complexes specified were seven types of communities: 3 belonged to <i>Panico-Setarion</i> alliance (association <i>Digitarietum ischaemi</i>; community with <i>Setaria glauca</i> and association <i>Echinochloo-Setarietum</i>), 2 to <i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> alliance (the community with <i>Euphorbia esula</i> and <i>Oxalis stricta</i> as well the community with <i>Veronica persica</i>), while 2 associations from the <i>Nanocyperion flavescentis</i> (<i>Hyperico-Spergularietum</i> and <i>Centunculo-Anthocerotetum</i>) alliance. On the other hand, on the highland complexes of South-East Poland only 3 communities were found: 1) with <i>Setaria glauca</i> included to <i>Panico-Setarion</i> alliance, 2) with <i>Veronica persica</i> from <i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> alliance and 3) <i>Centunculo-Anthocerotetum</i> association from <i>Nanocyperion flavescentis</i> alliance. The specified floral types, as well as lower units (variants and sub variants), reflected the mechanical structure, hydrological conditions and pH soils in their seats, what confrumed a great differentiation of soil conditions on the tested area.

scholarly journals Stubble-field plant communities in the Lublin region. P. IV. A comparison of the characteristic of stubble-field plant communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Maria Jędruszczk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Field Plant ◽  
Setaria Glauca ◽  
Ph Conditions

This part of a series of paper presents a comparative characterization of selected stubble-field plant communities described in parts I-III. It encompasses the most important characteristic of the communities as well as the habitas in which they occur. In the differentiated climatically, geomorphologically, hydrologically and, most of all, in respect to soil type conditions of mideastern Poland, more precisely in the old limits of the Lublin voivodship, 6 types of stubble-field plant communities have been described and further classified into subunits; all of which have been isolated on the basis of the floristic composition of 330 analysed phytosociologocal records. The selected stubble-field plant communities were assigned to the suborder <i>Polygono-Chenopodietalia</i>. Among them, 3 plant associations known from root crop fields were identified: 2 belonging to the alliance <i>Panico-Setarion</i> (<i>Digitarietum ischaemi</i> and <i>Echinochloo-Setarietum</i>) and 1 belonging to <i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> (<i>Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi</i>). On most of the grain stubble-field of the Lublin region (almost 77% of the records) communities were found which could be assigned only to the alliances: community <i>Setaria glauca-Scleranthus annuus</i> to <i>Panico-Setarion</i>, community <i>Veronica persica-Sonchus asper</i> to </i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> and community <i>Rorippa sylvestris-Oxalis stricta</i> which is an intermediate from between these alliances. The floristic types identified here, as well as their lower rancs (subassocietions variants, subvariants) were a reflection of the mechanical composition, nutritional, hydrological and pH conditions of the soils in their habitas and confirmed the high differentiation of soil conditions over the studied area.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE WEAR OF PLOUGHSHARES WITH VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS

Tribologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy NAPIÓRKOWSKI ◽  
Magdalena LEMECHA
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Chromium Carbides ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Natural Operation ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure

The paper analyses wear processes in various technological forms of ploughshares. Tests involved ploughshares made of Hardox 500, B 27 and 38GSA steel, as well as Hardox 500 steel with the cutting edges hardfaced by means of an El – Hard 63 electrode on the front and back sides, as well as 38GSA steel hardfaced by means of an EStelMn60 electrode. The tests were conducted during natural operation when processing sandy soil. During the tests, the changes in the mass and geometry of ploughshares were measured as a function of the processed area. Ploughshares made of steel were characterised by a diverse martensitic microstructure. The hardfaced layers, on the other hand, were dominated by chromium carbides with alloy ferrite. It has been concluded that the use of hardfaced layers considerably impact the decrease in the intensity of wear of the tested working elements. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in the wear processes of hardfaced ploughshares depending on the native and additional material and the place of the application of the hardfacing agent. In the analysed soil conditions, ploughshares made of steel did not exhibit any significant differences in the wear process.

scholarly journals Patterns of Co-occurrence of Rare and Threatened Species in Winter Arable Plant Communities of Italy

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Fanfarillo ◽  
Marta Latini ◽  
Giovanna Abbate
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Plant Community Ecology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Effective Conservation

Detecting patterns of species co-occurrence is among the main tasks of plant community ecology. Arable plant communities are important elements of agroecosystems, because they support plant and animal biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. These plant communities are shaped by both agricultural and environmental drivers. The pressure of intensive agriculture worldwide has caused the decline of many characteristic arable species and communities. Italy is the European country where arable plant biodiversity is the best preserved. In this study, we assessed the patterns of co-occurrence of rare and threatened arable plants in 106 plots of winter arable vegetation located from Piedmont to Calabria, in the mainland part of the country. For this purpose, we based our investigation on the analysis of a recently acquired dataset and on the European list of rare and threatened arable plants. We highlight how different species of conservation interest tend to occur in the same community. On the other hand, generalist and more competitive taxa show similar patterns of co-occurrence. We suggest that single species of conservation value could be suitable indicators of a well-preserved community. On the other hand, to be effective, conservation strategies should target the whole community, rather than single species.

scholarly journals The stubble-field plant communities on lowland complexes in South-Eastern Poland. P. II. Plant communities of the Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion alliance

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Czesława Trąba ◽  
Zdzisława Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Euphorbia Esula ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Field Plant ◽  
The Eu

Part I deals with the <i>Panico-Setarion</i> stubble plant communities. Part II describes the <i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> plant communities. Part II is based on 89 photosociological records. The <i>Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion</i> plant communities develope on soil rich in nutrients (brown soil developed from silts loess and clay; alluvial soils developed from silts and loams; chernozem and black soils), belongs to wheat complexes. Two plant communities are distinguished: 1) <i>Oxalis stricta-Euphorbia esula</i> community; 2) <i>Veronica persica</i> community divided into four variants. The floristic diversity of these plant communities reflects the ecological conditions of the examined region.

scholarly journals The stubble-field plant communities on lowland complexes in South-Eastern Poland. P. I. Plant communities of the Panico-Setarion alliance

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-111
Author(s):  
Franciszek Pawłowski ◽  
Czesława Trąba ◽  
Zdzisława Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Field Plant ◽  
Setaria Glauca

Floristic diversity is characteristic for stubble-field plant communities. Those communities consist of both the species remaining after harvesting of grain and of the species developing in rootplant communities. The first part of this paper describes the plant communities of poor sites in the investigated region. It is based on 90 phytosociological records taken in August and September of 1972-1975 and on soil investigations. The <i>Panico-Setarion</i> alliance was made up of: 1) the <i>Digitarietum ischaemi</i> association, 2) the <i>Setaria glauca</i> community and 3) the <i>Ecbinochloo-Setarietum</i> association, the <i>Setaria glauca</i> community was divided into smaller phytosociological units.

scholarly journals The stubble-field plant communities in South-Eastern Poland. P. III. Plant communities of mountain agricultural utility complexes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 137-169
Author(s):  
Czesława Trąba
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Field Plant ◽  
Setaria Glauca

In the Part I and II the stubble-field plant communities of lowlands agricultural utility complexes in South-Eastern Poland were introduced. The Part III contains a description of such communities occurring in mountain complexes. In the years 1972-1975, since August till September, 95 phytosociological records were taken on the area elevated from 300 to 650 m over the sea level, embracing the Carpathian Foreland and the Low Carpathian region. The research was conducted upon the typical, acid and leached brown soils, as well as on clay, dusty clay and silt alluvial soils belonging to three mountain complexes: wheat, cereal and oat-potatoes. The following communities were specified: I. <i>Setaria glauca</i> community, divided into two variants: 1) typical; 2) with <i>Aphanes arvensis</i>; II. <i>Veronica persica</i> community, divided into four variants: 1) with <i>Aphanes arvensis</i>, 2) typical, 3) with <i>Geranium dissectum</i>, 4) with <i>Aethusa cynapium</i>. The variant with <i>Geranium dissectum</i>, belonging to the community with <i>Veronica persica</i>, was considered as having the most mountain character.

scholarly journals Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Banfi ◽  
Agnese Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Alexander Von Humboldt ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Library ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This paper focuses on the relationship between Alexander von Humboldt, the famous German explorer-naturalist and Filippo Parlatore, botanist from Palermo (Sicily, Italy) in the field of botanical geography. Our considerations are based on three letters written by Humboldt to Parlatore in May 1851 and two letters with attachments written by Parlatore in answer to Humboldt in May 1851 and June 1852. The former are preserved in the Biblioteca comunale di Palermo (Palermo City Library) and the latter in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Berlin State Library). On reading the correspondence it can be inferred how, on the one hand, Humboldt asked Parlatore for verification on some important questions of botanical geography that he intended to cover in the second part (never published) of volume five of his Kosmos, and how, on the other hand, Parlatore diverged in his answers from Humboldt’s intent to search for universal laws to explain the distribution of plants on the planet. In fact, Parlatore was engaging in new lines of research, which, though stemming from Humboldt, were moving towards a modern twodimensional interpretation of natural plant communities according to which vegetation and flora, though interacting, are distinct realities and require different methods of study. The paper includes a portrait of Parlatore and one of Humboldt, a taxonomic table of the plants mentioned by the two scientists in their correspondence and illustrations of a selection of the same plants.

Effects of forest floor environment on germination and seedling establishment of two Bornean rainforest emergent species

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Primary Leaf ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Emergent Species

ABSTRACTSeeds of Dryobalanops aromatica and D. lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae) were sown in gaps and understorey on a ridge and a valley in a Bornean rainforest. Germination rates were 92–100% regardless of site and species. On the ridge, the proportion of seedlings that opened primary leaves was larger in D. aromatica (19–30%) than in D. lanceolata (7–19%) due to higher root predation on D. lanceolata. In the valley, on the other hand, the proportion was larger in D. lanceolata (71–74%) than in D. aromatica (56%). After primary leaf production, seedlings of both species had higher survivorship in the gaps than in the understorey. Interactions between predators, soil conditions and light environment and their effects on seedling establishment are discussed.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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