scholarly journals Changes of Some Phisiological Processes and Yield of Winter Wheat and Triticale Under the Influence of Sprinkling Irrigation and Nitrogen Fettilizastion. Part 1. Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Content in Some Organs of Winter Wheat and Triticale

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Zdzisław Koszański ◽  
Cezary Podsiadło
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
High Nitrogen

The aim of the field and laboratory study was to determine effects of nitrogen fertilization and sprinkling irrigation on chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the flag leaf, shank and spike of winter wheat and triticale cultivated on a sandy soil. Obtained results show that the applied treatments (nitrogen and sprinkling irrigation) significantly increased the yield of dry matter of the tested organs, and their chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Compared to winter wheat a higher concentration of the pigments was found in triticale. Sprinkling irrigation in high nitrogen fertilization inhibited the process of pigment decomposition of and hence the time of photosynthetic activity of the tested plants was extend.

scholarly journals Physiological Processes and Yield of Winter Wheat and Triticale under the Influence of Sprinkling Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization Part II. Acticity of Some Enzymes and Yield of Winter Wheat and Triticale

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Stanisław Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Ewa Koszańska ◽  
Daniel Ściążko ◽  
Małgorzata Roy
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
High Doses

The second part of this paper presents effects of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on nitrate levels in flag leaf, activity of some enzymes and yield of winter wheat and triticale. Both sprinkling irrigation and high doses of nitrogen enhanced the activity of nitrate reductase and peroxydase and slightly that of acid phosphatase. Plants from plots treated with high rates of nitrogen contained more nitrate nitrogen. Sprinkling irrigation and intensive nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the crops of winter wheat and triticale. As effect of sprinkling the yield of winter wheat increased by 35 % and triticale by 14 %. High nitrogen doses affected the yield respectively by 92 and 115 % and the combined effect of both treatments increased the yield of winter wheat by 158 % (3.3 t/ha and triticale by 139 % 3.10 t/ha).

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization in the growth phase of 'Chardonnay' and 'Pinot Noir' vines and nitrogen forms in sandy soil of the Pampa Biome

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Lorensini ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Lessandro De Conti ◽  
Paulo Ademar Avelar Ferreira ◽  
Max Kleber Laurentino Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pampa Biome

ABSTRACT Information on nitrogen fertilization in growing vines is still a very limited subject, especially for crops on sandy soils in the Pampa Biome in Rio Grande do Sul, where viticulture has expanded considerably in the last decade. This study aimed to assess the impact of N doses on growth of young plants of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir vines and N forms present in sandy soil in the Pampa Biome. The experiment was conducted from October 2011 to December 2012 in a vineyard in Santana do Livramento, in Southern Rio Grande do Sul State, in soil with 82 g kg-1 clay in the 0-20 cm layer. Vines of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir varieties were subjected to applications of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg N ha-1 year-1. Total N in leaves, SPAD readings, stem diameter, plant height, and dry matter of the pruned material were evaluated in two growth cycles and three times. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths at four crop growth stages, in which N-NH4 +, N-NO3 -, and total N were analyzed and the mineral N was calculated. The N levels applied to young vines, although they did not provide relevant changes in the N-NH4 +, N-NO3 -, and mineral N contents in the soil, were able to increase the N content in the leaves, increasing plant vigor. because the reason is that there was an increase in stem diameter, plant height, and dry matter of pruned material in most evaluation periods. These parameters suggest better growth patterns and uniformity of young grapevines with possible positive effects in anticipation of production, demonstrating the importance of nitrogen fertilization strategies to the growing vines in the sandy soil conditions of the Pampa Biome.

DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN NO-TILL WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. DARROCH ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Concentration

Norstar winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was examined in 11 trials with the objective of determining the pattern of dry matter and nitrogen (N) accumulation in dryland stubbled-in winter wheat grown in Saskatchewan. In all 4 yr of this study, replicated no-till field trials were supplemented with 0, 34, 67 and 100 kg N ha−1 applied as ammonium nitrate (34-0-0) in early spring. A fifth treatment of 200 kg N ha−1 was evaluated in the final year of trials. Plant samples were collected at 2-wk intervals. Early season N uptake was more rapid than dry matter accumulation and 89% of the total N, compared to 70% of the total dry matter, was present at anthesis (Zadoks growth stages 60–68). Poor soil moisture availability limited N uptake after anthesis. Consequently, N uptake during the growing season was best described by a quadratic equation, Nitrogen yield = −29.1 + 3.02 Z − 0.018 Z2, where Z represents the Zadoks growth stage. Nitrogen concentrations of the stems and leaves decreased during the growing season while the N concentration of spikes varied among trials. Nitrogen fertilization often produced large increases in tissue N concentration at the beginning of the growing season. These differences decreased with time and by the end of the season tissue N concentrations were usually similar for all N rates. In general, when residual soil N levels were low to intermediate and rainfall was adequate, N fertilization increased dry matter yield, plant N yield, grain yield and grain protein yield. Nitrogen fertilization increased plant N concentration, plant N yield, grain protein concentration and grain protein yield when soil N reserves were intermediate to high and rainfall was adequate.Key words: Nitrogen uptake, wheat (winter), nitrogen response, tissue nitrogen, grain protein, environment

scholarly journals Response of Guinea, Pangola, and Coastal Bermuda Grasses To Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels Under Irrigation in The Lajas Valley of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
L. Rivera Brenes ◽  
J. Torres Más ◽  
J. A. Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Plot Design

An experiment was established at the Lajas Substation to measure the response of Guinea, which is the prevailing grass of the Valley, Pangola, and Coastal Bermuda grasses to fertilization with nitrogen at the levels of 200, 400, 800, and 1,200 pounds of nitrogen in six equal applications per year for two consecutive years under irrigation. A split-plot design was followed with four replications, grasses being tested in the large plots and nitrogen in the subplots. The grasses were cut every 60 days and the following classes of data were taken for comparisons: 1, Yields of green and dry matter per acre per year; 2, hay yields per acre, using an all-crop dryer and adjusting yields to 20- percent moisture for uniformity; 3, gross-energy values as affected by treatment; 4, percentage of protein and total protein per acre as affected by treatment; 5, leaf-to-stem ratio; 6, observations on palatability of the hays produced; 7, other observations. Generally speaking, and with few exceptions, highly significant differences were found in yield per acre of green forage, dry matter, hay, and total protein for all three grasses between the high and lower nitrogen treatments. No differences were found between the two high-nitrogen treatments. Seasonal variation was measured. There was an increase in yield for the three grasses, starting in April with a peak in September, and a reduction starting in late October with the lowest yield in January no matter how much water and fertilizer was applied. Tentative recommendations are made. Further work is being carried on, however.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Rate of Seeds on Some Growth Criteria and Dry Matter Production of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
AL-HamdawiEsra Rahi ◽  
AL-Tahir Faisal Mihbis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Barley Crop

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the Second Agricultural Research and Experiments Station of the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna in Al Bandar region, during the winter season (2019-2020), in order to know the effect of nitrogen fertilization and seed rate on the production of dry matter for barley crop, and the experiment was applied according to the arrangement of the split plates. According to the design of randomized complete blocks with three replications, the number of experimental units was 120 units. The experiment included the secondary factor of five seed quantities (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha−1) and the main factor included 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1). The results showed that the rate of seed were significantly superior in most of the growth characteristics and dry matter of the barley crop, where the rate of seeds 80 kg ha-1 outperformed in the characteristics of plant height, dry weight of the stem, dry weight of leaves, dry weight of ears and dry weight of the plant, where their averages were (96.64 cm, 10.34 g, 7.20 g, 4.78 g and 22.3 g) respectively, while the level of 120 kg ha−1 seed rate outperformed in increasing the area of the flag leaf, which amounted to 23.67 cm 2, and the lowest seed level 40 kg ha-1 gave an increase in the length of the spike, which reached 7.06 cm. As for nitrogen fertilizer levels, the levels were significantly higher in all studied traits, where the amount of fertilizer 100 kg ha−1 outperformed in all studied traits, plant height (100.20 cm) and area leaf flag (24.38 cm 2), the number of tillers (8.38 tillers Plant−1, the length of the spike (6.92 cm), the dry weight of the stem (10.84 g), the leaves (7.29 g), the spikes (5.38 g), and the dry weight of the whole plant (23.51 g). As for the interaction between the rate of seed and nitrogen fertilization, the combination (80 kg ha−1 seed * 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen) outperformed and gave the highest averages for most of the studied traits. And the weight of the full bat where their averages were (13.20, 10.51, 7.37 and 31.07 g) respectively.

scholarly journals Analyse Genotypique De La Contribution De La Matiere Assimilée Du Pedoncule Dans Le Remplissage Du Grain Chez Le Ble Dur (Triticum Durum D.E.S.F.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kahali ◽  
Abdelhamid Djekoun
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Significant Difference

In a part of study on morpho-physiological characterization in durum wheat; we were interested in quantifying the stem dry matter produced after anthesis and its contribution in the grain filling. When the climatic conditions are unfavorable ; the photosynthetic activity of the post-anthesis is reduced. The plant then uses the assimilates stored in the stem to increase its filling rate of grain. Thus, the behavior of four varieties of durum wheat is analyzed in the field using different parameters: (i) relative water content (RWC) of the flag leaf (ii) dry weight development of the grains (iii) peduncle assimilated dry matter contribution in the grain filling. The leaf water status, appreciated by measuring the RWC, is an indicator of the photosynthetic apparatus functioning. The measured values showed a significant difference between two agricultural companions. The results also showed a genotypic difference in the dry matter accumulation in the grains, mainly related to its filling speed. The accumulation of assimilates in the peduncle during the days following flowering, constitutes an advantage of reserves in dry matter before installation of water deficit. Indeed, it affects production by decreasing the photosynthetic activity. In conclusion, this experiment has highlighted two types of grain yield elaboration of cultivated wheat in the post-anthesis water deficit conditions.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed-setting Characteristics of Spike and Grain Yield in Winter Wheat under Waterlogging at Booting Stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1888-1896
Author(s):  
Wen-Ming WU ◽  
Jin-Cai LI ◽  
Hong-Jian CHEN ◽  
Feng-Zhen WEI ◽  
Shi-Ji WANG
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Booting Stage
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