scholarly journals Effects of inoculum potential on screening for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in greenhouse trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Robak ◽  
R. L. Gabrielson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Screening For Resistance ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inoculum Storage

Several factors, including growth medium, inoculum density, and inoculum storage affected the reaction of resistant and susceptible Brassicas to <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> in the greenhouse. A high level of disease was achieved using Peat-litte mix R and a commercial greenhouse mix. There was litte difference in disease incidence when spore suspensions were pipeted into planting holes or when seedlings were dipped into spore suspensions. Seedlings transplanted from sand or Petri dishes gave higher levels of disease than direct seeding. Two-year frozen storage of clubs reduced the inoculum potential to a level unable to define resistance. Inoculum levels of 10<sup>3-7</sup> spores per ml from fresh clubs, or 10<sup>5-7</sup> spores per ml from clubs frozen for 2 or 4 years, produced 90% club incidence of susceptible cauliflower and Chinese cabbage, A concentration of only 10<sup>6-8</sup> spores per ml from fresh clubs was required for maximum disease expression in a cauliflower line partially resistant to clubroot.

Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: III Effect of temperature and disease forecasting

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
High Level

The effect of temperature on the severity of damping-off of sugar beet was studied under controlled conditions. The disease incidence increased with increasing temperature. When the time up to emergence in a finesand soil was characterized by low temperatures (8°C night, 15°C day), a period of 14—21 days immediately after emergence caused a strong increase in disease incidence. In peat soil, even 7 days was enough to initiate such an increase. In neither of the soils used did three days of high post-emergence temperature cause any marked disease increase. When the pre-emergence period was characterized by high temperatures (15°C night, 25°C day) the disease was at a high level and in the very fine sand soil could not be lowered by lower temperatures. In the peat soil, however, a constant, low postemergence temperature significantly inhibited the development of the disease. The possibilities of damping-off forecasting by comparing the disease incidence in pot experiments to damping-off in the field seemed rather limited. When the temperature is taken into account, a negative prognosis may be possible. The basis of such a prognosis is the determination of the inoculum potential of the soil.

scholarly journals Screening Brassica Cultivars for Resistance to Western Oregon Clubroot Pathotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-516
Author(s):  
Aaron Heinrich ◽  
Shinji Kawai ◽  
Jim Myers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Growing resistant cultivars from the Brassicaceae family (brassicas) is an effective strategy to minimize crop loss caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). However, there are many clubroot pathotypes, and genetic resistance to clubroot may be pathotype-specific. To determine which pathotypes are present in western Oregon, diseased roots were collected from five farms and identified by the European clubroot differential (ECD) set. To assess resistance to the identified pathotypes, 21 vegetable cultivars from nine crops with purported resistance to clubroot were evaluated for disease incidence and severity in field and greenhouse studies. The crops evaluated included broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea var. gemmifera), cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), napa cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), pak choi (B. rapa var. chinensis), kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), turnip (B. rapa var. rapa), and rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica). ECD host reaction showed similar virulence among clubroot collections, and all field isolates had the same ECD pathotype designation, 16/02/30. Compared with a crop-specific susceptible control, 17 of 21 cultivars had some resistance to clubroot, and of those, 15 were highly resistant (≤15% incidence with low disease severity). This research demonstrated that western Oregon farmers have several commercially available cultivars with resistance to the dominant pathotyope in the region. However, each farmer must evaluate the suitability of these cultivars to meet consumer and industry requirements.

scholarly journals Screening of Resistance Cultivar to Clubroot Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae for Organic Cultivation of Chinese Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Jeong Kim ◽  
Chang-Ki Shim ◽  
Yong-Ki Kim ◽  
Sung-Jun Hong ◽  
Jong-Ho Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Organic Cultivation

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Constituents and Selected Quality Parameters of Different Types of Kimchi: Fermented Plant Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anna Korus ◽  
Emilia Bernaś ◽  
Jarosław Korus
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and health-promoting constituents of several variants of kimchi obtained from Chinese cabbage, kohlrabi, white radish, and cucumbers. The level of dry matter, total soluble solids, ash, total acidity, pH, dietary fiber, and vitamins C, B1, and B2, as well as total polyphenols (TP) and antioxidant activity AA (ABTS, DPPH) in kimchi, were determined. In addition, color parameters were determined ( L ∗ , a ∗ , b ∗ , C ∗ , and h o ). Kimchi with the highest proportion of Chinese cabbage (63%) had the highest levels of dry matter (11.01 g), ash (2.57 g), and vitamins: C, B1, and B2 (51 mg, 52 μg, and 242 μg, respectively), expressed per 100 g of fresh weight. In addition, this product showed the highest total AA of 132.3 μmol Tx/g (ABTS) and 49.7 μmol Tx/g (DPPH) due to its high level of TP (194 mg/100 g). Cucumber-derived kimchi (85%) also had a high content of TP (147 mg/100 g) and high AA of 88.7 μmol Tx/g (ABTS) and 36.3 μmol Tx/g (DPPH). Additionally, stuffed kimchi from kohlrabi (88%) had the highest amounts of total dietary fiber, 3.65 g/100 g fresh weight. In all products, red ( a ∗ ) and yellow ( b ∗ ) were the dominant colors, with values of L ∗ ranging between 32.63 and 53.16. In general, our studies have shown that depending on the raw materials used, kimchi is a good source of dietary fiber but also vitamins and polyphenols.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum Inoculation Reduces the Incidence of Clubroot Disease in Chinese Cabbage by Regulating the Rhizosphere Microbial Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Junhui Li ◽  
Joshua Philp ◽  
Jishun Li ◽  
Yanli Wei ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Clubroot is a disease of cruciferous crops that causes significant economic losses to vegetable production worldwide. We applied high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology to quantify the effect of Trichodermaharzianum LTR-2 inoculation on the rhizosphere community of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. Jiaozhou) in a commercial production area. T. harzianum inoculation of cabbage reduced the incidence of clubroot disease by 45.4% (p < 0.05). The disease control efficacy (PDIDS) was 63%. This reduction in disease incidence and severity coincided with a drastic reduction in both the relative abundance of Plasmodiaphora brassicae, the causative pathogen of cabbage clubroot disease, and its copy number in rhizosphere soil. Pathogenic fungi Alternaria and Fusarium were also negatively associated with Trichoderma inoculation according to co-occurrence network analysis. Inoculation drastically reduced the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genera Delftia and Pseudomonas, whilst increasing others including Bacillus. Our results demonstrate that T. harzianum LTR-2 is an effective biological control agent for cabbage clubroot, which acts through modulation of the soil and rhizosphere microbial community.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Differences for COVID-19 Disease Map Genes between Males and Females Indicate a Different Basal Immunophenotype Relevant to the Disease

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Tianyuan Liu ◽  
Leandro Balzano-Nogueira ◽  
Ana Lleo ◽  
Ana Conesa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteases ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Shiny App ◽  
R Shiny ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

Worldwide COVID-19 epidemiology data indicate differences in disease incidence amongst sex and gender demographic groups. Specifically, male patients are at a higher death risk than female patients, and the older population is significantly more affected than young individuals. Whether this difference is a consequence of a pre-existing differential response to the virus, has not been studied in detail. We created DeCovid, an R shiny app that combines gene expression (GE) data of different human tissue from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project along with the COVID-19 Disease Map and COVID-19 related pathways gene collections to explore basal GE differences across healthy demographic groups. We used this app to study differential gene expression of COVID-19 associated genes in different age and sex groups. We identified that healthy women show higher expression-levels of interferon genes. Conversely, healthy men exhibit higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, young people present a stronger complement system and maintain a high level of matrix metalloproteases than older adults. Our data suggest the existence of different basal immunophenotypes amongst different demographic groups, which are relevant to COVID-19 progression and may contribute to explaining sex and age biases in disease severity. The DeCovid app is an effective and easy to use tool for exploring the GE levels relevant to COVID-19 across demographic groups and tissues.

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