scholarly journals Changes in the segetal communities in 1977-1983 accompanying with formation of Bełchatów Industrial Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-211
Author(s):  
A. Urszula Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Industrial Region ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Segetal Flora ◽  
Segetal Communities

Characteristics of the changes in the agrophytocoenoses of the Bełchatów Industrial Region are presented in this paper. The observations were conducted on permanent areas during 1977-1983. Biological (phytosociological and bioindicatorial) methods were used. The dynamics of changes in weed communities in crop rotation were anlysed. Changes in the composition and structure of agrophytocoenoses belonging to 10 syntaxonomes and changes in their habitats were found. The causes and directions of these changes were established. These processes lead to the impoverishment of segetal flora and the formation of simpler formations which are less stable and less resistant to anthropopressure. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, an evaluation of the productivity of field habitats was made, agroecological regions were discerned and ways of forming and protecting agricultural production areas of the Bełchatów Industrial Region are given.

scholarly journals Changes of segetal vegetation of the Piotrków Plain during the last 22 years. Part 1. Communities of weeds of winter cereal cultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
A. Urszula Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The State ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Segetal Communities

This paper presents the results of research in segetal communities of winter cereal cultures of the Piotrków Plain (Figure 1) which took place during the period between 1971 and 1972 and between 1992 and 1993. On the basis of 205 phytosociological records, taken in 103 localities in the years of 1971 and 1972 (Figure 2), 6 associations were distinguished (Tables I-IX): <i>Spergulo-Veronicetum dillenii, Arnoserido-Scleranthetum, Papaveretum argemones, Vicietum tetraspemae, Aphano-Matricarietum, Caucalido-Scandicetum</i>. According to the repeated listing carried out in the years 1992 and 1993 the changes of the communities of the mentioned items were disclosed. The comparison of the present state of the weed communities of the winter cereal cultures on the researched area with the state of 22 years ago allowed to note that the changes in the analyzed agrophytocoenoses are caused by progressive anthropopressure.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Segetal Weed Communities when Chlorsulfuron-Based Weed Control is Being Used on Continuous Winter Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pawlonka ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Krzysztof Starczewski ◽  
Antoni Bombik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Segetal Communities

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between herbicide rate and weed community biodiversity in continuous wheat. A six-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of four chlorsulfuron rates in comparison with untreated (the control) plots, on the status and severity of weed infestation - in successive study years of cultivating winter wheat in monoculture. In addition, the following indices were calculated: Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s index of biodiversity, and Simpson’s index of domination. A total of 36 weedy species were identified in the experimental plots. The richest segetal communities were established in the control plots. An application of herbicide reduced the biodiversity of the agrophytocensosis. A short-term monoculture did not impoverish the species richness of the weed community established in winter wheat. The average number of species in the community was significantly greater in the second study year. In the initial study years of monoculture, the biodiversity of the segetal community increased markedly compared with rotation-based cultivation. The calculated indices of biodiversity were not significantly affected by herbicide rate or monoculture but the indices confirmed the trends outlined by an analysis of the status and level of weed infestation.

Crop rotation effects on weed communities of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agricultural fields of the Flat Inland Pampa

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 105068
Author(s):  
Emilio H. Satorre ◽  
Elba B. de la Fuente ◽  
M. Teresa Mas ◽  
Susana A. Suárez ◽  
Betina C. Kruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Glycine Max L

The Growth and Development of Five Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Populations in a Common Garden

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Heneghan ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Seed Yields

Waterhemp is a weed indigenous to the midwestern United States and is problematic in agronomic crop production. This weed is well suited to inhabit minimally tilled environments and is increasing in prevalence across many agricultural production areas and systems. A common garden experiment was established in Indiana in 2014 and 2015 with waterhemp populations from Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska to compare the growth and development of waterhemp from these regions. Three establishment dates (May, June, and July) were used each year to simulate discontinuous germination. Mean biomass accumulations from the May (1,120 g plant−1) and June (1,069 g plant−1) establishment dates were higher than from the July (266 g plant−1) establishment date. There were no differences in biomass accumulations between the five populations in the May and June establishments, but biomass accumulations ranged from 195 to 338 g plant−1in the July establishment. Mean seed yields were higher from the May (926,629 seeds plant−1) and June (828,905 seeds plant−1) establishment dates compared with the July (276,258 seeds plant−1) establishment. In the May and June establishments, seed yields ranged from 469,939 seeds plant−1to 1,285,556 seeds plant−1. The Illinois population flowered the latest of all the populations yet also grew the tallest. The July establishment flowered the most rapidly after establishment, accumulated less biomass, and also had the largest seeds. This study demonstrated differences among waterhemp populations when grown in a common environment and the effect of establishment timing on waterhemp growth and development.

The adaptive-landscape system of agriculture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алексей Беленков ◽  
Aleksey Belenkov ◽  
Михаил Мазиров ◽  
Mikhail Mazirov ◽  
Александр Зеленев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Landscape System

In this tutorial, methodological and practical basis of adaptiv-but-landscape systems of the earth-Delia, are the characteristics of the component parts, including the system of crop rotation Rotov, tillage, fertilizers, integrated plant protection, plant breeding and seed production, technology tillage crops. The essence and mechanism of formation of adaptive landscape systems of agriculture in the conditions of modern agricultural production.

Frequency and Dispersal of Glyphosate-Resistant Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) Populations across Brazilian Agricultural Production Areas

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro F. Lopez Ovejero ◽  
Hudson K. Takano ◽  
Marcelo Nicolai ◽  
Antonio Ferreira ◽  
Marcel S. C. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Weed Resistance

The rapid spread of glyphosate-resistant sourgrass populations generates concern in the agricultural production sector in Brazil. Nonetheless, there is not much information related to the frequency and dispersion of sourgrass throughout recent years. We investigated the frequency and dispersion of glyphosate-resistant sourgrass populations in Brazilian agricultural regions as part of a larger-scale weed resistance monitoring study. A discriminatory rate of 960 g ae ha−1of glyphosate was used on plants at the 2- to 3-tiller stage, originating from 2,593 populations of sourgrass sampled in 329 counties in 14 Brazilian states between 2012 and 2015. The dispersion of sourgrass populations originated in western Paraná State, next to the Paraguay border, where the first resistance case was reported. Its dispersion to the central region of Brazil, mainly in soybean-producing areas, is most likely a consequence of agricultural equipment movement and wind-mediated dispersal. Glyphosate-resistant sourgrass populations were found in every geographical region across all Brazilian states tested. These data highlight the importance of an appropriate weed resistance monitoring program to track the evolution and dispersion of resistance to mitigate these issues by focusing efforts regionally and raising awareness among stakeholders in each region.

Modeling With Limited Data: The Influence of Crop Rotation and Management on Weed Communities and Crop Yield Loss

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Canner ◽  
L. J. Wiles ◽  
Robert H. Erskine ◽  
Gregory S. McMaster ◽  
Gale H. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Crop Yield Loss

Theory and models of crop yield loss from weed competition have led to decision models to help growers choose cost-effective weed management. These models are available for multiple-species weed communities in a single season of several crops. Growers also rely on crop rotation for weed control, yet theory and models of weed population dynamics have not led to similar tools for planning of crop rotations for cost-effective weed management. Obstacles have been the complexity of modeling the dynamics of multiple populations of weed species compared to a single species and lack of data. We developed a method to use limited, readily observed data to simulate population dynamics and crop yield loss of multiple-species weed communities in response to crop rotation, tillage system, and specific weed management tactics. Our method is based on the general theory of density dependence of plant productivity and extensive use of rectangular hyperbolic equations for describing crop yield loss as a function of weed density. Only two density-independent parameters are required for each species to represent differences in seed bank mortality, emergence, and maximum seed production. One equation is used to model crop yield loss and density-dependent weed seed production as a function of crop and weed density, relative time of weed and crop emergence, and differences among species in competitive ability. The model has been parameterized for six crops and 15 weeds, and limited evaluation indicates predictions are accurate enough to highlight potential weed problems and solutions when comparing alternative crop rotations for a field. The model has been incorporated into a decision support tool for whole-farm management so growers in the Central Great Plains of the United States can compare alternative crop rotations and how their choice influences farm income, herbicide use, and control of weeds in their fields.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE KURSK REGION: SUCCESSES AND ACHIEVEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V SVYATOVA ◽  
◽  
A.A GOLOVIN ◽  
T.I PANKOVA ◽  
D.V NIKOLENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Russian Agriculture ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Kursk Region

In difficult economic and socio-political conditions, there is an increase in the dominant importance of Russian agriculture, not only as a guarantor of social stability in terms of ensuring food security, but also as a driver of the country's economic development in the strategic future. During the period of the spread of the coronavirus threat, many industries suffered significant losses, resulting in an economic downturn in most countries of the world. In this situation, agriculture can become a catalyst for the development of economic processes in regions with agricultural specialization, as the demand for food, both in the Russian market and abroad, will continue to increase. The article considers the results of agricultural production in the Kursk region, according to which the conclusion is made about significant success in a number of agricultural production areas. Against the background of initially lower provision of our region with resources and other natural and economic conditions in comparison with the leading regions, there are noticeable rates of positive changes in the agricultural sector of the Kursk region, which allowed the region to enter the top 10 in terms of sugar beet yields, grain and meat production. The key indicator of the analysis is the share of agricultural production in the region relative to the all-Russian similar indicator, the assessment of which revealed a more dynamic development of the Kursk region on average in comparison with other regions in the country. The study argues that it is necessary to increase the role of the state as a guarantor of stability and investment attractiveness of domestic agriculture in order to maintain positive dynamics of production and economic processes in the context of accelerating recovery from the pandemic crisis.

scholarly journals Współczesne przeobrażenia zbiorowisk segetalnych w środkowej Polsce [Contemporary changes of. segetal communities in Central Poland]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula A. Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Habitat Evaluation ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Segetal Communities

The paper presents the preliminary results of investigations on the process of degeneration of some field phytocoenoses of winter cereals and flax in central Poland, occurring under the mechanical, chemical and biotic influence of anthropopression (Tables 1-6). It is endeavoured to present, on the basis of analysis of the relations between degeneration symptoms in phytocoenoses of some associations characteristic for this part of Poland and the effect of human activity on the agroecosystem, the mechanism and consequences of this degeneration and to establish the trends and extent of this process (Table 6). This might be useful in: - appropriate management and protection of the field environment, - rational organisation of agricultural production. At the same time it was undertaken to distinguish, define and separate the forms of degeneration within the phytosociologicol units analysed. This may be of importance for: – a correct evaluation of the interrelations between the field phytocoenosis and the habitat, – evaluation and cartographic presentation of the productive values of field habitats.

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