scholarly journals The use of cultivars of Raphanus sativus for cytokinin bioassay

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Dorota Kubowicz ◽  
Ewa Grodzka
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cytokinin Bioassays ◽  
Cytokinin Bioassay

Six cultivars of radish (<i>Raphanus sativus</i>) were tested for their usefulness in radish cytokinin bioassay by the method of <i>Letham</i> (1971). The best cultivar was found to be 'Sopel Lodu' which responds well to both zeatin and 2iP over a wide range of concentrations. The fresh weight of cotyledons increased at most by 71.5% (if treated with zeatin) or 101.0% (if treated with 2iP) compared to untreated cotyledons. This cultivar is also sensitive to the partially purified cytokinin-like fraction isolated from the pine (<i>Pinus silvestris</i>) cambial region. The cultivar 'Sopel Lodu' is therefore proposed to be a suitable plant for cytokinin bioassays.

scholarly journals TOLERANCE OF RADISH (RAPHANUS SATIVUS L.) CULTIVARS CHERRY BELLE AND WHITE ICICLE TO BORON, MOLYBDENUM, AND ZINC SOIL APPLICATIONS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 760b-760
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Jose Pablo Morales-Payan
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Plastic Containers

Greenhouse experiments were carried out to determine the tolerance of two radish cultivars to soil-applied B, Mo, and Zn. Sources used were boric acid (0, 54, 108, 216, 324, and 432 ppm), molybdic acid (0, 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 8.5, and 11.3 ppm), and zinc sulfate (0, 40, 80, 160, 240, and 360 ppm) applied at planting in addition to the control. Plants were grown in plastic containers of 1.5 L, filled with a potting medium composed of 50% vermiculite, 30% sphagnum peat, and 20% perlite. Treatments were arranged within a randomized complete block design with six replications. Fresh weight of commercial roots was not affected by Mo or Zn applications in either cultivar. However, B applications decreased root fresh weight as rate increased. These results suggest that these radish cultivars perform well in a relatively wide range of Mo and Zn application rates, whereas tolerance to B appears to be low.

Heritability of Metribuzin Tolerance in Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
Alfred Jones ◽  
Philip D. Dukes
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Twenty-two sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.] clones with a wide range in metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] tolerance were used to establish narrow sense heritability estimates (h2) using a greenhouse procedure. The heritability estimates were obtained from simple linear regressions (h2= 2b) of injury rating, shoot fresh weight, and change in shoot fresh weight of offspring against the same responses of parents at metribuzin concentrations of 0, 0.3, and 0.6 ppm in the potting medium and averaged data for the two concentrations. These values ranged from 0.85 to 1.0, indicating that a recurrent mass selection process should be an appropriate approach to developing metribuzin-tolerant cultivars. Several highly tolerant clones were identified.

Potential SNPs related to microspore culture in Raphanus sativus based on a single-marker analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Suk Chung ◽  
Yun Gyeong Lee ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Suhyoung Park ◽  
Min Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Marker Analysis ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
High Regeneration

Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an economically important crop grown for its edible roots and leaves. It is a self-incompatible, outcrossing species, making the production of homozygous lines and the development of breeding populations difficult. However, this can be overcome with haploids production techniques using isolated microspores, providing the rapid production of homozygous lines for breeding. Thus, it would be useful to identify radishes with a high regeneration rate from microspore culture. In the current study, 96 radish cultivars or germplasms were evaluated for high regeneration rates. Also, a single-marker analysis (SMA) was applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) potentially associated with this trait using genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. The regeneration rate from microspore culture of 96 lines showed a wide range, from 0% to 269.5%. From the SMA, 52 markers were detected at a p value of 0.001 and a total of 11 physically nearby genes with high levels of similarity in various species were identified as candidates for high regeneration rates. This result could be used for clarifying the genetic basis underlying these traits and developing molecular markers associated with regeneration rates and would be beneficial for generating homozygous inbred lines.

Effect of cultivar on uptake of cadmium by potato tubers

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ McLaughlin ◽  
CMJ Williams ◽  
A McKay ◽  
R Kirkham ◽  
J Gunton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Joint Regression Analysis

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in tubers by commercial potato cultivars was assessed at 12 sites around Australia having differing soil and environmental conditions. At all but two sites there were significant differences in tuber Cd concentrations between cultivars. Some major commercial cultivars had tuber Cd concentrations only half that of others. Advanced breeding lines showed further potential to reduce Cd accumulation. Mean tuber Cd concentrations of the 14 most common cultivars, averaged across all sites, ranged from 30 to 50 8g kg-1 fresh weight (FW), below the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of 50 8g kg-1 of Cd (FW). However, at some sites certain cultivars exceeded the MPC. A modified joint regression analysis of the data indicated that no cultivars have consistently low or consistently high tuber Cd concentrations across a range of environments. While differences between cultivars were significant, the range in Cd concentrations found between sites was generally greater than the range in Cd concentrations between cultivars at any one site. Thus soil and other site factors (e.g. irrigation water quality, climate, etc.) play a dominant role in controlling Cd accumulation by current commercial cultivars and there is a need to breed new cultivars resistant to Cd accumulation under a wide range of environments.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Ochradenus arabicus and their physiological effect on Maerua oblongifolia raised in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan O. Shaikhaldein ◽  
Fahad Al-Qurainy ◽  
Mohammad Nadeem ◽  
Salim Khan ◽  
Mohamed Tarroum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shoot Number

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are presently the most commonly generated engineered nanomaterials and are found in a wide range of agro-commercial products. The present study was designed to synthesize AgNPs biologically using Ochradenus arabicus leaves and investigate their effect on the morphophysiological properties of Maerua oblongifolia raised in vitro. Physicochemical methods (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were performed for characterization and for obtaining microphotographs of the AgNPs. Shoots of M. oblongifolia (2–3 cm) grown in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of AgNPs (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg L−1) were used. Following 6 weeks of in vitro shoot regeneration, the shoot number, shoot length, leaf number, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll content, total protein, proline level, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the plants were quantified. We found that 20 mg L−1 AgNPs increased the shoot number, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content of the plants. The maximum total protein was recorded in plants that were administered the lowest dose of AgNPs (10 mg L−1), while high concentrations of AgNPs (40 and 50 mg L−1) increased the levels of proline and the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Our results indicate that green-synthesized AgNPs may be of agricultural and medicinal interest owing to their effects on plants in vitro.

scholarly journals Weed, Disease, and Nematode Management in Onions with Biofumigants and Metam Sodium

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Geary ◽  
Corey Ransom ◽  
Brad Brown ◽  
Dennis Atkinson ◽  
Saad Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Onion Root ◽  
Wide Range

Onions (Allium cepa) are a high-value crop in the Treasure Valley of eastern Oregon and western Idaho. To grow quality bulbs, growers use fumigants and pesticides to control weed, pathogen, and nematode pests. Metam sodium and other commonly used pesticides are considered effective in controlling onion pests but also pose a wide range of problematic issues related to the environment, human health, and economic profitability. Biofumigant crops ‘Idagold’ mustard (Sinapis alba) and ‘Colonel’ oil seed radish (Raphanus sativus) were evaluated as substitutes for commercial fumigants in controlling soil-borne pests. During some years of this study, there was limited control of a few weed species based on visual and biomass data for metam sodium and biofumigant treatments, but the weed control was not consistent or acceptable. The severity of pink root (Phoma terrestris), a major fungal onion root pathogen, was significantly lower with metam sodium in most comparisons with other treatments. Biofumigants showed limited effects on pink root severity and are not a viable option for pink root control. Nematode damage or populations were not high enough to determine if the biofumigant and metam sodium treatments influenced their control. In some years, biofumigants reduced onion yield. The influence of these biofumigants on onion pest control was limited and their use in onion production is not warranted without significant nutrient recycling or soil quality benefits.

scholarly journals 563 Influence of Ultra-high Levels of Carbon Dioxide on Secondary Metabolite Production in Vitro

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 543C-543
Author(s):  
Brent Tisserat ◽  
Steven Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Production ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Wide Range

The influence of a wide range of CO2 levels on the growth, morphogenesis, and secondary metabolite production in vitro was evaluated. Shoots of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and a spearmint–peppermint cross (Mentha spicata × Mentha piperita) were grown on MS medium with and without 3% sucrose under 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, and 30,000 μL CO2/L for 8 weeks. Dichloromethane extracts from leafs were analyzed using GC-MS techniques. Prominent peaks were identified by comparison with known standards. Highest growth (i.e., fresh weight) and morphogenesis responses (i.e., leafs, shoots and roots) were obtained when shoots were grown under 10,000 μL CO2/L regardless of whether or not sucrose was included in the medium. Ultra-high CO2 concentrations (3000 μL CO2/L) stimulated secondary metabolite production regardless of whether or not the medium contained sucrose. However, the combination of certain ultra-high CO2 levels (e.g., 3000 to 10,000 μL CO2/L) and the presence of sucrose in the medium resulted in shoots producing the highest levels of secondary metabolites. These results suggest that in vitro photosynthesis, which is stimulated by ultrahigh CO2 levels, may enhance secondary metabolite production.

scholarly journals A, The EXPLORING THE ALLELOPATHIC AND HERMETIC EFFECT OF KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Abstract Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (khatami) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of A. officinalis L. were used on radish different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded using standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days), germination index (6.00%) and mean germination time (5.73 days) growth. In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound minimum Syringic acid (0.60%) and maximum Quercetion (12.3%) compound was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of fruit quality parameters of Rosa taxa from the Carpathian basin

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kovács Sz. ◽  
G. Tóth M. ◽  
Facsar G.
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Fruit Flesh ◽  
Wide Range

From the wide range of genetic sources available in Hungary, we have chosen as objective the evaluation of those rose taxa, which — on the base of their quality and morphologic features — are suitable for selecting fruit production varieties or parent varieties for further breeding. We examined physical and inner parameters of fruits of Rosa taxa, and evaluated the correlations by mathematical statistic methods. Namely, if a correlation can be found between physical and inner parameters, fruit production value can be determined by less examinations in the future. According to our results, there is a large variability in some physical parameters (weight, diameter of fruits; weight, number of achenes) as well as in inner content values (vitamin C, glucose, fructose, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu content) of rosehip, regarding production year, habitat and even the individual of examination. Twice as much ascorbic acid can be found in achene-free fruits, and nearly five times as much in their dry product as in fresh whole fruits. It was established repeatedly, that vitamin C concentrates in fruit flesh, and ascorbic acid content can be preserved better in achene-free flesh. There is no essential difference in citric acid and carbo-hydrate content of whole and achene-free rosehips. However, macro- and microelement content of whole fruits is 30-40% higher than that of achene-free fruit flesh. The connection between fresh weight and diameter, as well as achene number and seed weight of fruits can be described by the function y=axb. A significant relationship can be found in case of K-Fe, Ca-Mg, Ca-B, Ca-Mn and Zn-Cu, between fresh weight and B content of fruits. According to our examinations, fresh weight of rose species with a higher citric acid content is usually higher, while their Fe content is smaller. Glucose content of fruits of rose species is directly proportional to their Ca and Zn contents. Zn content of rose species with higher fructose content is usually smaller.

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