scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. III. Saccharides, nitrogen compounds and some mineral elements contents in pear leaves and shoots

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-133
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
High Level

Long shoots inhibited in growth by treatment with chlormequate contained more reducing sugars in mid July than did the control ones growing vigorously. Storage starch accumulation was earlier in the former shoots than in he control ones, and they also contained more nitrogen compounds, especially protein, and significantly more calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc then the controls. Comparison of long shoots with growth partly inhibited by the action of chlormequate, on which flower buds form in the subapical part, and of spurs on which an apical flower bud forms, with the long shoots of control vigorously growing trees where flower buds do not form, indicates that initiation of flowering in the pear tree is associated with a high level of storage compounds, both organic and inorganic, in the stem.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

Effects of nitrogen addition on the population dynamics and flowering of Pulsatilla vernalis

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Kellner
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Single Fertilization ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
And Control

A population of Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill, was studied in permanent plots for 8 years. Half the plots were fertilized with ammonium nitrate (15 g N/m2) at the start of the study. Mortality and natality in the ramet population were very low in both fertilized and control treatments. In contrast, there was a considerable between-year turnover of shoots within ramets in both treatments. The number of shoots increased threefold after fertilization and then gradually decreased to the original level. Flower-bud formation in unfertilized plots was lower in warm and dry years than in cooler, wetter ones. In fertilized plots, flower-bud formation was higher after fertilization irrespective of the climate at the time. The proportion of flower buds grazed was higher in fertilized plots. Even though the species is confined to nitrogen-poor habitats, a single fertilization did not adversely affect its performance. Key words: Pulsatilla vernalis, population dynamics, nitrogen, weather, forestry.

THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AIT.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1733-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Hall ◽  
R. A. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

A study of the effect of environmental factors on the growth and development of the lowbush blueberry was carried out using clonally propagated plants. In a preliminary study a definite photoperiodic response was found. Under 8-hour days flower buds were formed and no vegetative growth occurred. Under 16-hour days vegetative growth resulted and no flower bud formation occurred. In a replicated greenhouse experiment, seven clones produced flower buds with 8-, 10-, and 12-hour days, but produced none with 14- or 16-hour days. One clone produced flower buds with 8-, 10,- 12-, and 14-, but none with 16-hour days. Two clones were able to produce flower buds under all five photoperiods. Under 8- and 10- hour photoperiods no vegetative growth occurred. Under 12, 14, and 16 hours progressively more vegetative growth occurred. In an experiment on the interaction of temperature and photoperiod, vegetative growth was significantly greater at 70° F than at 50° F with the differences being accentuated by day length. Flower bud formation occurred with 11- and 13-hour photoperiods regardless of temperature, but was more pronounced at the higher temperatures. At 70° F, 15-hour photoperiod, no flower buds were formed while at 50° F, 15 hours, three clones produced no flower buds and six clones produced an abnormal type of inflorescence. Similar abnormal inflorescences were produced by giving plants 2, 3, or 4 weeks of 8-hour days. Six weeks of 8-hour days was sufficient to initiate normal inflorescences. Shade, provided by two layers of cheesecloth, significantly reduced the number of flower buds compared with full sunlight. The growth of the lowbush blueberry under field and laboratory conditions is discussed in relation to environmental factors.

USE OF GIBBERELLIC ACID TO HASTEN FLOWERING IN RUTABAGA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALI ◽  
V. SOUZA MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

In field conditions, rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. Rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.) plants are biennials and require exposure to low temperature for completion of their life cycle to seed production state. When young rutabaga plants were thermoinduced (3–5 °C) for 8 wk and subsequently transferred to growth room conditions, formation of flower buds resulted in 6 wk. Flowering response was greatly enhanced if the plants were sprayed with GA3 (100 mg/L) prior to thermoinduction. Compared with untreated plants, the GA3-sprayed plants responded with flower bud formation after as little as 3 wk of cold treatment. A longer cold exposure (6–8 wk) of the GA3-sprayed plants resulted in rapid development and maturity of the inflorescence. This note emphasizes the pharmacological role of gibberellins as regulators of flowering and their usefulness to enhance seed production and plant breeding programs.

scholarly journals Early Defoliation Reduces Flower Bud Counts on Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Commercial Field

Vigorous, upright shoots on mature V. ashei Reade cv. Aliceblue plants growing in a commercial field planting were used to study the effects of premature defoliation on flower bud formation. Three treatments (total shoot defoliation, alternate-node defoliation, and no defoliation) were applied on each of three dates (20 Aug., 17 Sept., and 15 Oct. 1987). For the August defoliation, the number of flower buds present per shoot on 6 Jan. of the following year averaged 1.3 for shoots that were totally defoliated, 3.7 for shoots on which alternate nodes had been defoliated, and 4.2 for control (nondefoliated) shoots. Shoots treated on 17 Sept. averaged 2.6 buds per shoot for total defoliation, 4.1 for alternate-node defoliation, and 4.8 for controls. Defoliation on 15 Oct. did not reduce flower bud formation. Reduction in flower bud formation due to defoliation was localized at the defoliated nodes. For shoots on which alternate nodes were defoliated on 20 Aug., 59.8% of the apical five nodes that were not defoliated produced flower buds compared with 1.4% of the defoliated nodes.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Formation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): A Case Study of ‘Gyozankouren’ Grown in a Container

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Ishizuna ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The genus Nelumbo consists of two species, N. nucifera and N. lutea. N. nucifera is an ornamental and edible plant that is widely cultivated. Earlier studies of sacred lotus (N. nucifera) flowers focused mainly on morphology, phyllotaxis, leaf arrangements, and flower development. During the growing season, sacred lotus produces one foliage leaf at each node. Flower buds emerge from the abaxial side of the basal part of the foliage leaf. However, the number of blooming flowers is much less than the number of foliage leaves. Little is known concerning flower bud formation during lotus plant development. This is the first experimental study to reveal that every node has one flower bud even in the dormant shoot apex and that most of the formed flower buds aborted in the course of floral development. Our results suggest that flower bud formation of sacred lotus is independent of daylength. On the other hand, whether a formed bud reaches blooming may depend on environmental factors.

scholarly journals Nutrient Accumulation and Flower Bud Formation Affected by the Time of Terminal Bud Set on Water Sprouts of Persimmon

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Tae Choi ◽  
Doo-Sang Park ◽  
Seong-Mo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Buds

Heavy pruning to lower tree height of persimmon results in excessive production of water sprouts and reduced yield. This experiment was conducted on ‘Fuyu’ (Diospyros kaki) trees to assess if the time for terminal bud set of water sprouts affected flower bud formation. Some sprouts were not pruned to serve as fruiting branches for the next season. Thirty to 40 water sprouts were tagged in 2005 and 2006, the growth of which stopped from mid-June to late August. The later terminal buds set, the lower the percent dry weight in the apical 10 cm. The apical segments of sprouts that continued to grow to mid- to late August were characterized by low soluble sugars, starch, and inorganic elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) compared with those that set terminal buds earlier. The number of flower buds from the water sprouts that set terminal buds by early August the previous year bore more than 12 flower buds the next year, whereas those that grew to mid- to late August bore fewer than three. It was concluded that water sprouts could be used as fruiting branches for the next year as long as terminal buds set by early August, thereby alleviating yield reductions that come with heavy pruning.

scholarly journals Ethephon Treatment May Alleviate the Suppression of Female Flowers of Cucurbita Pepo under High Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Wien
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Female Flowers

When pumpkins are grown in elevated temperatures (32/27 °C day/night) for 1 week during flower development, fewer female flower buds are formed than at normal temperatures (20/15 °C) and only a small percentage of these reach anthesis. To determine if application of the ethylene-releasing compound ethephon can overcome the suppression of female flowers at high temperatures, `Baby Bear' pumpkin plants were sprayed at the two-leaf stage with 100 or 300 μL L–1 ethephon and then grown in hot and cool greenhouse compartments. At 20/15 °C, 17% of the first 15 main stem nodes produced female flower buds on control plants and virtually all of these developed into open flowers. The higher rate of ethephon increased female bud percentage to 37%. At 32/27 °C, only 3% of the nodes formed female flower buds and 2% flowered. Application of ethephon did not significantly increase female expression at high temperature, and none of the buds reached anthesis. Treatment with the inhibitor of ethylene action silver thiosulfate reduced female flower bud formation at the low temperature and entirely suppressed female flower buds at high temperature. In two additional experiments, these treatments were applied to two cultivars grown at a less extreme 32/20 and at 20/15 °C. Female buds and open flowers were moderately increased by ethephon in the high temperatures, suggesting that ethephon might foster female flowering in less extreme temperatures. Further work is needed to determine if ethephon treatment can overcome the heat-induced inhibition of female flowers in pumpkin under field conditions.

scholarly journals Genotype of Apple Trees Affects Growth and Fruiting Responses to Shoot Bending at Various Times of Year

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Éric Lauri ◽  
Jean-Marie Lespinasse
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Shoot Architecture ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
June July

Growing shoots of two apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] genotypes differing in shoot architecture, the preselection X.3318 and the cultivar `Chantecler', were bent on three dates during the summer and one in the winter to evaluate the interactive effects of shoot architecture and bending date on lateral shoot development and growth over 3 years. Bending X.3318, with a high proportion of vegetative lateral shoots on 1-year-old wood, on different dates did not change the percentage of lateral budbreak (62% to 65%). However, bending in June or July increased lateral growth on 1- and 2-year-old wood in a mesotonic position, whereas bending in winter reduced lateral growth and redistributed the shoots more basitonically. Both number and weight of fruits were reduced by bending. In `Chantecler', which forms many flower buds on 1-year-old wood, bending during flower bud formation (June-July) increased the percentage of lateral budbreak (60% vs. 45% for the control) and the number of flower buds. After 3 years of development, early summer treatments reduced the abortion of laterals as compared to the control. As a consequence, bending increased the number, as well as the weight of fruit. These results show that the effects of bending on the development and growth patterns of lateral shoots vary with genotype.

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