scholarly journals The influence of two morphactins on forming of tissues in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stem

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
J. Kostrzewska-Kuczumow ◽  
E. Weryszko ◽  
A. Tomaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Central Cylinder ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Different Types

The influence of two morphactins (IT 3233 and IT 3456) on tissue formation in sunflower stem was studied. The seeds were wetted with water solutions of morphactins in concentrations of 10 ppm and 50 ppm. The stems of the treated plants were thinner and they had less nodes. The diminution of stem thickness took place as a result of the decrease of central cylinder parenchyma cells in size. There also appeared histological changes in the composition of vascular bundles. The diminution of the number of bundles was ascertained together with an increase of their size. Arched intrabundle cambium and xylem exhibited an inclination to partial surrounding of phloem. A considerable increase of the number oftracheal elements was observed. Their diameter was much smaller. Spiral vessels and tracheids arose after treatment with IT 3456 10 ppm. Different types of vessels appeared in the remaining combinations. The disruption and obliteration of many vessels of protoxylem and also disruption of the parenchyma adhesing to them took place.

Response of sunflower plants to physical injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Schneiter ◽  
B. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Established Plant ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Bud Removal

Injury to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) caused by hail and pests can result in financial losses to producers. This field study was conducted to determine the response of sunflower to different types and levels of physical injury. The information will assist producers in deciding whether to replant or maintain a crop. Studies were conducted at four North Dakota locations. Treatments consisted of stand reduction, terminal bud removal, and top one third of the plant cut off, imposed on either 25 or 50% of an established plant population at five stages of plant development. Plant response to injury varied among treatment stages. When plants were injured at vegetative stages V4 and V8, 98.2 and 93.2% of the treated plants produced multiple branches and heads. When plants were injured during the transition from vegetative to reproductive development (V12, R1), a greater proportion (26.1 and 20.6%, respectively) of the plants died. The majority of the plants injured at stages R1 and R3 neither died nor branched (55.5 and 96.1%, respectively); they continued to live but did not produce seed. Living injured plants reduced total crop yield more than the injured plants that died, since living injured plants continued to compete with uninjured plants for space, light, nutrients and moisture but did not contribute toward yield. Key words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., hail, crop injury

scholarly journals Influence of some chosen morphactins on tissue formation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Adam Tomaszewski ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Grzegorz Skrodzki
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Third

The influence of two morphactins (IT 3233 and IT 3456) on the formation of tissues in sunflower leaves was investigated. The leaves were usually smaller, they had plicate laminae and rolled up edges. The different influence of morphactins in dependence on the position of the leaves on the stem and on the kind of tissues was confirmed. Leaves growing from the first node had the thickest laminae, main ribs and the longest cells of palisade parenchyma. The values contrasted with those in the leaves from the third node. An increase of the number of epidermis cells and stomata in leaves from the first and second node and a decrease in those from the third node were observed. Additional layers (1-2) of palisade parenchyma in leaves of the second and third node were formed. Mesophyll was very compact. Xylem consisted of a greater number of elements, arranged compactly and of much lower diameter.

scholarly journals QUANTIZATION OF REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES IN RELATION TO THE VASCULARIZATION OF SUNFLOWER CAPITULUM (Helianthus annuus L.) DURING ITS DEVELOPMENT / QUANTIZATION OF REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES IN RELATION TO THE VASCULARIZATION OF SUNFLOWER CAPITULUM (Helianthus annuus L.) DURING ITS DEVELOPMENT / QUANTIZATION DE STRUCTURES REPRODUCTRICES EN RAPPORT AU VASCULARISATION DE CAPITULE DU TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) PENDANT SON DÉVELOPPEMENT

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
A.C. Martínez Tosto ◽  
F.J. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Reproductive Structures

SUMMARYThe objective of this work was to determine the number of reproductive structures in relation to the vascularization of sunflower capitulum in three sectors: outer, middle and center, and in four development stages: E2 (early floral button), E4 (late floral button), F3.2 (beginning flowering) and M0 (end flowering) according to the CETIOM code.Seeds of Dekalb G100 sunflower hybrid were sown at 72.000 pl/ha density and the capitula gathered at the indicated stages.At each stage, significant increases were noticed in the reproductive structures number from the outer sector to the center of capitulum. The number of vascular bundles per unit of surface showed a significant decrease from the outer sector to the center at E2 and E4 stages and a tendency to become stable at F3.2 and M0. The obtained values of surface covered by phloem per cm2 of capitulum, decreased remarkably from the outer sector to the center at E4 stage while at F3.2 and M0 minor but still important decreases were observed.The statistical analysis made on reproductive structures number in relation to vascular bundles number and surface covered by phloem showed low and insignificant correlations, respectively.

Anatomy of Dianthoveus cremnophilus (Cyclanthaceae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 3580-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Central Cylinder ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Ground Tissue ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
First Order ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Order Root

Dianthoveus is a monotypic genus of the Cyclanthaceae and in this paper the anatomy of D. cremnophilus is described, including that of the lamina, petiole, peduncle, rhizome and first-order root. The lamina within interridge areas is hypostomatic and the mesophyll between boundary layers exhibits either two main regions according to sizes of intercellular spaces, or three main regions according to wall thickness of ordinary parenchyma cells. Expansion tissue occurs opposite adaxial and abaxial ridges of the lamina and where the median costa and noncostal portions of lamina are joined together. The petiole exhibits three main zones of ground tissue and the median costa has two to three zones. Certain veins of the petiole compose a conspicuous V in cross section. The peduncle has four main zones of ground tissue, including pith. This organ contains simple vascular bundles (commonly, collateral bundles) and bipolar compound vascular bundles. The rhizome has a conspicuous periderm, cortex (including endodermis), and central cylinder. Diverse forms of vascular bundles occur within the central cylinder, e.g., collateral, amphivasal, compound-tetrapolar, and compound-multipolar. In the first-order root the cortex exhibits various regions, including exodermis and endodermis, and the stele contains peripheral and nonperipheral fascicles, each type of fascicle of either xylem or phloem. Styloid sacs and raphide sacs occur in all and some organs studied, respectively, and in the rhizome and interridge areas of the lamina the styloid sacs are randomly oriented and abundant. Mucilage canals occur in the peduncle and petiole. These anatomical data are used to compare Dianthoveus with other cyclanthaceous genera, particularly Evodianthus.

scholarly journals Changement du taux des triterpénoîdes dans Helianthus annuus L. pendant la période de végétation [Variations in the level of triterpenoids in Helianthus annuus during vegetation]

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Struby ◽  
Z. Kasprzyk
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenes ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Echinocystic Acid ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Triterpenic Alcohols ◽  
Different Types

The variations in the level of triterpenoids, i.e. methylsterols, sterols, triterpenic monols and diols as well as of oleanolic acid and echinicystic acid were investigated in different organs of <em>Helianthus annuus</em> plant during vegetation period till 120th day. It was found that all types of compounds investigated are present in considerable quantities in the whole plant during this period. The presence of 5 monols and of 5 diols with chromatographic properties of pentacyclic triterpenic alcohols identified previously in <em>Calendula officinalis</em> flowers was proved in the shoots of <em>H. annuus</em>. This fact indicates that ,the green tissues of H. annuus possess the capacity to biosynthesize the pentacyclic triterpenes of different types and to hydroxylate them, what results in formation of diols from monols and of echinocystic acid from oleanolic acid. The green tissues of the previously investigated <em>C. officinalis</em> can synthesize only the triterpenes of the ß-amyrin type and the synthesis of triterpenes of other types and their hydroxylation procedes only in the flowers of this plant.

THE PROBLEM OF SAFE SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) USE FOR FOOD AND FODDER PURPOSES (review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-498
Author(s):  
G.P. Kononenko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Ustyuzhanina ◽  
A.A. Burkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) on Top of a Constructed Wetland as an Engineered Ecosystem to Clean Sewage Onsite

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Alfredo Garcia-Perez ◽  
◽  
Mark Harrison ◽  
Bill Grant ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L
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