scholarly journals Use of weed communities for estimation of field habitats for needs of agriculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Urszula A. Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Present State ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Field Region ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
State Of Field

Closed connection was found between particular weed communities and the edaphic agricultural complexes of the investigated field region (see Tab. l ). Taking adventage of bioindicative properties of weed communities the numeric values were found depicting present state of field biotops of investigated region concerning termic relations, humidity relations, soil pH, soil nitrogen content and biological activity of the soil. These resultes were further used as an aid to evaluate particular field biotops to agricultural use.

scholarly journals Influence of Mulches on Weed Control, Soil pH, Soil Nitrogen Content, and Growth of Ligustrum japonicum

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine A. Billeaud ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum ◽  
Optimum Depth ◽  
Textured Materials

Abstract Four organic mulches, screened pinebark, hardwood (primarily oak), cypress and decorative pinebark nuggets, applied at depths of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm (0, 2, 4, 6 in) with or without an inorganic weed barrier fabric, were tested in field and container studies to determine their effect on weed suppression, soil pH, soil nitrogen content, and growth of Ligustrum japonicum. Results indicated that mulch applied at shallower depths, in combination with a weed barrier, provided optimal weed control without tying up soil nitrogen or reducing plant growth. Coarser mulches out-performed finer-textured materials. Most effective weed control was obtained with decorative pinebark nuggets with weed barrier fabric at a 15 cm (6 in) depth of application when compared to unmulched controls. As the depth of mulch was increased, soil pH, soil nitrogen content, and visual rating of plant growth decreased. Mulches over 10 cm (4 in) deep tended to inhibit plant growth, although optimum depth was dependent on the mulch material used.

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Vaida Steponavičienė ◽  
Aušra Marcinkevičienė ◽  
Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽  
Lina Skinulienė ◽  
Vaclovas Bogužas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

scholarly journals The Influence of Selected Meteorological Factors on Microbial Biomass and Mineralization of Two Organic Fertilizers

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mignon S. SANDOR ◽  
Traian BRAD ◽  
Aurel MAXIM ◽  
Constantin TOADER
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Mineralization Processes

A mesocosm study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of short-term rainfall and temperature variation on soil microbial biomass and bacteria to fungi ratio. In addition, the relation between the decomposition process of two organic fertilizers, cattle manure and barley straw, and the activity of soil microbial biomass was also studied. In order to assess the effect of biological activity on soil fertility the dynamics of soil pH, N-NO3-, N-NH4+, Corg and Nt during plant growing season was measured. The results suggest that short-term variation of climate had a significant effect on microbial biomass with dry periods distinguished by a reduced microbial biomass compared to wet periods. The ratio bacteria to fungi seems also to be sensitive to variations in rainfall and temperature regime, however further studies are required to draw a definitive conclusion. Regarding the type of fertilizer used, the straw treatments showed higher microbial biomass than the manure treatments, but higher decomposition rate was observed in manure fertilized soil. The effect of soil biological activity on soil pH was limited for both manure and straw treatments while the changes of the soil nitrate amounts are related to the microbial biomass. The study indicates that nitrate immobilization and mineralization processes are influenced by meteorological conditions and microbial biomass dynamics. In contrast, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen did not seem to be affected by variations in temperature, rainfall and microbial activity.

scholarly journals Changes of segetal vegetation of the Piotrków Plain during the last 22 years. Part 1. Communities of weeds of winter cereal cultures

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36
Author(s):  
A. Urszula Warcholińska
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
The State ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Segetal Communities

This paper presents the results of research in segetal communities of winter cereal cultures of the Piotrków Plain (Figure 1) which took place during the period between 1971 and 1972 and between 1992 and 1993. On the basis of 205 phytosociological records, taken in 103 localities in the years of 1971 and 1972 (Figure 2), 6 associations were distinguished (Tables I-IX): <i>Spergulo-Veronicetum dillenii, Arnoserido-Scleranthetum, Papaveretum argemones, Vicietum tetraspemae, Aphano-Matricarietum, Caucalido-Scandicetum</i>. According to the repeated listing carried out in the years 1992 and 1993 the changes of the communities of the mentioned items were disclosed. The comparison of the present state of the weed communities of the winter cereal cultures on the researched area with the state of 22 years ago allowed to note that the changes in the analyzed agrophytocoenoses are caused by progressive anthropopressure.

Effect of Nitrogen Source on Corn and Bromegrass Production, Soil pH, and Inorganic Soil Nitrogen 1

1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Power ◽  
J. Alessi ◽  
G. A. Reichman ◽  
D. L. Grunes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Nitrogen

Variations and Typical Impact Factors of Soil Nitrogen Content during the Vegetation Succession in Limestone Mountains

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Shan Shan Zhang ◽  
Li Yuan Yang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Qing Lin Chen ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Positive Correlations

In order to explore the variations and impact factors of soil nitrogen contents, 0-20 cm mineral soil under herb, shrub, Platycladus orientalis plantation of limestone mountains after restoration for 5 years and 10 years were collected and examined in Jinan, Shandong province. The results showed that there was different soil mineral nitrogen content under different vegetation during the natural succession and artificial restoration succession. Shrub community (14.35 mg/Kg) > herb community (12.73 mg/Kg); Platycladus orientalis plantation restored for 10 years (27.82 mg/Kg) > Platycladus orientalis plantation restored for 5 years (20.76 mg/Kg). NO3--N has highly significant positive correlations with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content (r = 0.626, 0.564, p 4+-N has not significantly correlated with total nitrogen and organic carbon content (r = 0.218, 0.155). However, it has highly significant positive correlation with the NO3--N (r = 0.531, p 3--N and NH4+-N have highly significant negative correlations with soil pH (r = -0.657, -0.605, p < 0.01), respectively. But the correlation with the soil moisture was not significant (r = -0.181, 0.114). The research provided base information for the evaluation of restoration effects and restoration practice on the limestone mountains.

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