scholarly journals Characteristic of the nutritive value of the protein from rye caruopses. I. Amino acid composition of protein and the nitrogen forms in the caryopses of ten rue varieties from the breeding collection

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kubiczek ◽  
M. Rakowska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Total and soluble nitrogen, protein and non-protein -nitrogen was determined as well as the amino acid composition of the caryopses of ten rye varieties including three bred in Poland and cultivated on a commercial scale: 'Dańkowskie Złote', 'Dańkowskie Selekcyjne' and 'Borkowskie Tetra'. and seven foreign varieties characterized by a high total protein content (11.9-16.4% in dry weight). In the varieties examined the amount of protein nitrogen increased in the same degree as did the content of total nitrogen. The amino acids limiting the nutritive value of the protein in rye caryopses were mostly lysine and methionine, and in the varieties with high protein content tryptophan. The low-protein varieties had a relatively higher content of lysine, sulphur amino acids, tryptophan and other amino acids (as % of protein) than the high protein ones, but their absolute amino acid content (as % of dry weight) was lower.

Species and varietal differences in the proteins of rapeseed

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Finlayson ◽  
R. S. Bhatty ◽  
C. M. Christ
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Sulfur Deficiency ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Two proteins, previously described by the authors as BI (S020, buffer 12 S) and AIVS (S020, w 1.7 S) have been isolated from eight varieties of rapeseed belonging to Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L. species. These proteins have similar chromatographic and electrophoretic characteristics but differ in amino acid composition, particularly with regard to the sulfur-containing amino acids. One of the rapeseed samples was obtained from plants grown on sulfur-deficient soil. The sulfur deficiency produced, in the mature seed, a much reduced protein content and appeared to affect the structure of the protein BI.

USE OF WHITE LUPIN AS A BASE FOR FEED WITH HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
White Lupine

The paper presents data on the biochemical composition of seeds and amino acid composition of legumes, white lupine. The indicators of biochemical composition of extruded and granulated feed made on the basis of white lupin grain are given. The results of the use of the antioxidant Agidol in the composition of prepared feed and its effect on its shelf life are described.

scholarly journals Protein Content and Amino Acid Balance of Yams

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
F. W. Martin ◽  
A. E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

The total protein of 38 yam (Dioscorea) cultivars, as tested by Kjeldahl methods, and their amino acid composition, determined by high temperature hydrolysis and GLC chromatography, are reported. Species and varieties differed in total protein and total amino acid contents. Proteins of four species, but not D. alata, were somewhat low in lysine. Proteins of all species were deficient in sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine, and especially cystine. Varietal differences, however, suggest that cultivars can be selected with more balanced protein.

scholarly journals Differences in the amino acid composition of muscles from pheasant and broiler chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
F. Vitula ◽  
V. Večerek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Thigh Muscles

Abstract. The present paper explores amino acid composition of breast and thigh muscles of common pheasant and compares it with that in broiler chickens. The experimental feeding of both pheasant and broiler chickens proceeded for a period of 42 days at the identical conditions employing the same diet and rearing technology. Muscles were analysed for the content of following amino acids: Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, Lys, and Arg. The results show that the levels of most amino acids in thigh and breast muscles of pheasants (related to dry matter content) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) than those in broiler chickens. In 42-day-old birds, the levels of individual amino acids in breast muscles (related to 100% of dry matter content) ranged from 8.02 to 127.32 g . kg-1 in pheasant chickens and from 19.77 to 110.33 g . kg-1 in broiler chickens while the corresponding average values in thigh muscles ranged from 14.77 g . kg-1 to 132.77 g . kg-1 in pheasant chickens and from 14.02 g . kg-1 to 93.53 g . kg-1 in broiler chickens. One interesting finding is that in the case of broiler chickens the levels of most amino acids in breast muscles were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) than those in thigh muscles. In the case of pheasant chickens, the difference between breast and thigh muscles was not confirmed which indicates that both muscles have high nutritive value. The results of amino acid composition of pheasant and broiler meat have proven a high nutritive value of pheasant meat in respect to human nutrition.

Studies in the biochemistry of cirripede eggs III. Changes in the amino-acid composition during development of Balanus balanoides and B. balanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Barnes ◽  
R. Evens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

The amino-acid composition of Balanus balanoides (L.) and B. balanus (L.) da Costa eggs during their development has been investigated. Protein accounts for 70–80% of the dry matter. The amino-acid composition of the eggs is similar to that reported for Calanus finmarchicus, for which reliable information is available. Loss of all amino acids takes place during development, but the relative amounts of glycine and alanine increase in the late stages. The rates of loss are far greater in B. balanus, where the eggs themselves develop more rapidly. In B. balanoides there is a distinct ‘ arrest’ in the rate of loss of amino acids at the H-stage; this is coincident with a similar arrest in the loss of other metabolites and in development. Loss of nitrogen from the eggs has been measured directly and the results compared with the values calculated from the analyses. In the early stages the agreement is good if allowance is made for the difference in temperature between the elution experiments and the natural environment.Data have already been presented (Barnes, 1965; Dawson & Barnes, 1966) on the major biochemical constituents of the eggs of two common cirripedes, Balanus balanoides and B. balanus, and on changes in these constituents during development. It has been shown that protein nitrogen is lost throughout development and that the rate of this loss is greatest during the early stages; also that nitrogen utilization relative to that of carbohydrate is greater in B. balanus. The more rapid development of the eggs of the latter species gives rise to a greater rate at which all substrates are utilized, but the proportions disappearing—relative to the initial quantities—are not widely different; rather more is lost in the species that develops more rapidly.

Effects of Nitrogen Source and Concentration on the Free Amino Acid Composition of Developing Wheat Grains

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Blumenthal ◽  
JW Lee ◽  
EWR Barlow ◽  
IL Batey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

Detached wheat heads (7 days post-anthesis) were grown in liquid culture containing nitrogen concentrations of 0.025% or 0.1% in the form of glutamine, ammonium nitrate or asparagine. With each form of the nitrogen, increasing the concentrations of nitrogen in the culture medium led to increases in the total nitrogen and the non-protein nitrogen in the grain. Protein contents (N × 5.7) were approximately 16% and 21% on a dry weight basis in the low and high treatments respectively for all nitrogen sources. Amino acids from the endosperm cavity, the ethanol-soluble extract of the grain, and the grain protein were analysed by HPLC techniques to define the site of transfer between amino acid forms. The results indicated that amino nitrogen from glutamine, ammonium nitrate, or asparagine enters the grain and is found in the endosperm cavity fluid mainly in the form of glutamine, alanine and, to a lesser extent, aspartate (including asparagine). These amino acids are then converted into the various other amino acids required for protein synthesis, as is demonstrated by the increases found in the others in the ethanol-soluble free amino acid fraction with different nitrogen regimes. These variations in the composition of the free amino acids occurred without altering the amino acid composition of the protein component of the grain.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of mixed proteins

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Woodham ◽  
P. S. Deans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Score

1. Two series of protein feeding-stuffs each consisting of a fish meal, meat-and-bone meal, soya-bean meal, groundnut meal and sunflower-seed meal were analysed for total amino acid composition and evaluated, both individually and combined in all possible pairs, as supplements to cereal-based diets for growing chicks by the total protein efficiency (g weight gain/g protein consumed; TPE) procedure. Each pair of feeding-stuffs provided 120 g supplementary protein/kg diet and the diet was made up so that the relative amounts of protein provided by each of the pair of constituents were (w/w): 120:0, 100:20, 80:40, 60:60, 40:80, 20:100 and 0:120 respectively, in addition to 60 g protein/kg provided by cereals.2. In all but one of the twenty pairs of feeding-stuffs studied the mixtures exhibited a marked synergistic effect in that the TPE value was higher than the appropriately weighted mean of the TPE values obtained with the individual components.3. Neither chemical score ([amount of limiting amino acid/the chick's requirement for the same amino acid] × 100) nor essential amino acid index; geometric mean for the ratio, amount of essential amino acid: the chick's requirement for that amino acid, for all ten essential amino acids) calculated from the amino acid composition of the dietary constituents could be used routinely to predict the results of the chick growth test, although chemical score did parallel the TPE values in some instances. In a number of instances, mixtures containing an apparently less favourable amino acid composition than one of the components of the mixture gave a higher TPE value.4. It seems likely that the relative proportions of a number of amino acids determine the optimum combination of a mixture of proteins. The removal of amino acid deficiencies alone is not sufficient to ensure that a given mixture of proteins produces optimum performance in growing chickens.

Amino acid composition, protein content and accurate nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis)

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfen Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Qi ◽  
Xiaobing Dong ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Liqin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

The protein content of plants is commonly estimated by multiplying the total nitrogen content (Kjeldahl; KN) by a nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of 6.25. This method is based on the incorrect assumption that all nitrogen in the ammonia/ammonium and organic substances in plants is protein nitrogen, usually resulting in overestimation of protein content. We have examined amino acid composition, amino acid nitrogen, total nitrogen (KN), and actual protein content (AP) determined from amino acid residues in 16 accessions of perennial sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev). We determined a new nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor, kP, as the ratio of AP to KN, and applied this factor to estimate the total protein content (TP) as KN × kP. The non-protein nitrogen accounted for 40.5% to 62.4% of the total nitrogen. The average kP value was 3.17 overall, 3.20 in the accessions sampled at the jointing stage, and 3.15 in the accessions sampled at the flowering stage. The TP, calculated as KN × 3.17, was about half that of crude protein contents, calculated as KN × 6.25. Our study suggests that the AP-based kP of 3.17 can be used to more accurately estimate the total protein content in sheepgrass.

Amino Acid Composition of Representatives of Eight Bacterial Genera with Reference to Aquatic Productivity

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
P. L. Hoogland ◽  
H. C. Freeman ◽  
A. E. J. Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Aquatic Productivity

Representatives of eight bacterial genera were grown under identical conditions and the harvested, washed cells were analyzed quantitatively for eighteen amino acids using chemical methods. All of the bacteria contained the eighteen amino acids and, although quantitative differences were noted, variation in composition was not great. Cell nitrogen content averaged 11.91% of the dry weight. Some of the nutritional implications of the data are discussed.

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