scholarly journals Zmiany w składzie chemicznym ściany komórkowej źdźbła pszenicy traktomanej chlorkiem chlorocholiny (CCC) [Changes in the cell walls of wheat culms treated utith 2-chloroethyl-trime-thyl-ammonium chloride (CCC)]

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Przeszlakowska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Pectic Substances

The influence of 2-chloroethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CCC) on the content of various constituents of the cell wall of the wheat culms var. Eka Nowa) was investigated. Chromatographic analysis of the polysaccharides obtained from the cell wall of the wheat culms has been carried out. The content of pectic substances (pectins and protopectins) in nodes and internodes of the wheat culms treated with CCC was determined.

scholarly journals The physiological and morphological phenotype of a yeast mutant resistant to the quaternary ammonium salt N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Obłąk ◽  
Andrzej Gamian ◽  
Ryszard Adamski ◽  
Stanisław Ułaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride

AbstractWe investigated the action of the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) called IM (N-(dodecyloxycarboxymethyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Changes in the yeast cell ultrastructure were confirmed by electron microscopy. We treated resistant mutant cells with QAS, and confirmed destruction of the mutant cytoplasm, an increase in the thickness of the cell wall, separation of the cell wall from the cytoplasm, and the accumulation of numerous lipid droplets. We also observed a relatively high production of lipids in the cells of the parental wild-type strain Σ1278b and in its IM-resistant (IMR) mutant in the presence of the QAS. The IMR mutant showed increased sensitivity to CaCl2 and SDS, and resistance to ethidium bromide, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and osmotic shock. It also tolerated growth at low pH. We suggest that the resistance to IM could be connected with the level of permeability of the cell membrane because the IMR mutant was sensitive to this compound in vivo in the presence of SDS and guanidine hydrochloride, which cause increased permeability of the cell plasma membrane.

Silicification of wood-cell walls

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S. E. Keckler ◽  
D. M. Dabbs ◽  
N. Yao ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Inorganic Precursors

Cellular organic structures such as wood can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of complex structures of organic/ceramic nanocomposites. The wood cell is a fiber-reinforced resin composite of cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix. A single cell wall, containing several layers of different fiber orientations and lignin content, is separated from its neighboring wall by the middle lamella, a lignin-rich region. In order to achieve total mineralization, deposition on and in the cell wall must be achieved. Geological fossilization of wood occurs as permineralization (filling the void spaces with mineral) and petrifaction (mineralizing the cell wall as the organic component decays) through infiltration of wood with inorganics after growth. Conversely, living plants can incorporate inorganics into their cells and in some cases into the cell walls during growth. In a recent study, we mimicked geological fossilization by infiltrating inorganic precursors into wood cells in order to enhance the properties of wood. In the current work, we use electron microscopy to examine the structure of silica formed in the cell walls after infiltration of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

Histological aspects of the cryopreservation of potato

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
P. Pepó ◽  
A. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

Cryopreservation appears to be a suitable solution for the maintenance of potato germplasms. The protocol described in this paper can be applied for the vitrification and preservation of meristems. During histo-cytological studies it is possible to observe modifications at the cellular level and to understand the adaptive mechanism to low temperatures. Control potato meristem tissue contained a number of meristematic cells with a gradient of differentiation. After freezing there were a large number of vacuolated cells, some of which exhibited broken cell walls and plasmolysis. The thickening of the cell wall, giving them a sinuous appearance, was observed after freezing and thawing the meristems, with ruptures of the cuticle and epidermal layer.

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

scholarly journals Understanding the Reaction Crystallization Process of Glycidyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Shuai Yu ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Xujie Gao ◽  
Weichun Feng ◽  
Wenguo Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Dispersion ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Seed Method ◽  
Crystal Seed

Reaction crystallization to produce glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTA) via epichlorohydrin with gas-state trimethylamine was investigated. The crystallization process of the GTA gas-liquid reaction was optimized by a seed method. The optimized technology can prepare GTA products with crystal form and purity greater than 97%. The crystallization process of GTA consists of four steps (i.e., addition of seed, dispersion of seed, growth of crystals on the seed surfaces, agglomeration and growth of crystal). Seed method and flow rate are the key factors affecting purity. The purity and particle size of GTA crystals were satisfactory as long as the operation was kept within the defined envelope. The experiments were conducted on a 1 L reactor and successfully scaled-up to 3000 L in industry.

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