scholarly journals Badanie wpływu naturalnych ekstraktów roślinnych na izolowane wierzchołki wzrostów pedów w hodowli in vitro [Investigation of the influence of natural plant extracts on isolated generative apices cultivated in vitro]

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
E. Kuta ◽  
C. Ryka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Coconut Meal ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spinach Leaves

The aim of the present paper Was to test the value of various plant extracts (yeast barm, mature walnut embryos, coconut meal, young spinach leaves and tomato juice) used as the complementary elements of White's mineral nutrient for the culture <i>in vitro</i> of generative apices of winter wheat, rape and wetch. The results showed that the generative apices of investigated planits had various nutritive requirements which point to the necessity of a careful selection of a specific nutrient for particular plant material.

Animal grazing selectivity and plant chemistry issues impact on the potential of Rhagodia preissii as an anthelmintic shrub

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. KOTZE ◽  
E. N. ZADOW ◽  
P. E. VERCOE ◽  
N. PHILLIPS ◽  
A. TOOVEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Plant Chemistry ◽  
Animal Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYAs Rhagodia preissii had shown significant in vitro anthelmintic activity in a previous study, we examined the effect of including this shrub in the diet of sheep infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Worm-infected merino wethers were grazed for 7 weeks on either R. preissii or annual pasture, and faecal egg counts (FECs) were conducted weekly. Plant material was collected weekly from eaten and uneaten plants, and analysed for levels of plant secondary metabolites (tannins, oxalates, saponins) and in vitro anthelmintic activity. While mean FECs were consistently lower in sheep grazing R. preissii compared to pasture (reductions of 20–74%), the differences were not significant. There was no relationship between grazing preference (eaten or uneaten) and in vitro anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. The levels of saponins and oxalates did not correlate with grazing preference or in vitro anthelmintic activity, while tannins were not responsible for the anthelmintic activity. While the identity of the grazing deterrent and in vitro anthelmintic compounds remain unknown, the presence of plants which were both highly preferred by the sheep and showed in vitro anthelmintic activity indicates a potential to develop the species as an anthelmintic shrub through selection of shrub populations dominated by such plants.

scholarly journals Gas Production, Digestibility and Efficacy of Stored or Fresh Plant Extracts to Reduce Methane Production on Different Substrates

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu ◽  
Abubeker Hassen ◽  
Festus Adeyemi Adejoro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Freeze Dried

Natural compounds such as plant secondary metabolites (PSM) can be used to replace antibiotic growth promoters as rumen modifiers. In this study, the effectiveness of stored and freshly extracted Aloe vera (AV), Azadirachta indica (AZ), Moringa oleifera (MO), Jatropha curcas (JA), Tithonia diversifolia (TD) and Carica papaya (CP) crude extract and monensin on in vitro gas and methane production, organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were evaluated using a total mixed ration (TMR), lucerne or Eragrostis curvula substrates. Fresh extracts were processed from the same batch of frozen (−20 °C) plant material a few days before the trial while the stored extracts were extracted and stored at 4 °C for 12 months prior to the study. Extraction was done by solubilising 50 g freeze-dried plant material in 500 mL 100% methanol. Four mL of reconstituted 50 mg crude extract per 1000 mL distilled water was added per incubation vial, which already contained 400 mg substrate and in vitro fermentation, and gas production and IVOMD evaluation were carried out using standard procedures. Results showed that storing plant extracts for 12 months did not affect the activity or stability of metabolites present in the crude extracts, as shown by the lack of differences in total gas production (TGP) and methane produced between fresh or stored extracts across the substrates. In the TMR substrate, plant extracts increased IVOMD but did not affect TGP and methane production, whereas monensin did not have any effect. Plant extracts increased IVOMD of Eragrostis substrate and supressed methane production to a greater extent than monensin (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that storing plant extracts for up to 12 months did not compromise their efficacy. In addition, the use of 50 mg/kg of AV, AZ, MO, JA, TD and CP extract to a forage-based diet will reduce methane production while improving feed digestibility.

Comparison of In vitro Anti-Biofilm Activities of Natural Plant Extracts Against Environment Harmful Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233
Author(s):  
Eun-Jin Kang ◽  
Ji Hun Park ◽  
Seul Jin ◽  
Young-Rok Kim ◽  
Hyung-Ki Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Natural Plant

scholarly journals Selection of the optimal sterilization schedule for explants of erectoid forms of corn

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Belokur ◽  
◽  
L. O. Ryabovol ◽  
Ya. S. Ryabovol
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Basic Solution ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
Infected Material ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of studies to optimize the sterilization technique for seedlings of the initial forms of heterotic hybrids of maize when administered in vitro. On the surface of the plant there is a significant number of various microorganisms that can multiply on a nutrient medium. Therefore, sterilization of plant material is one of the most important stages of in vitro propagation technology. The aim of the research was to develop a procedure for sterilizing the apical meristem of maize seedlings when the material is introduced into isolation culture. To solve the problem, the task was to clarify the features of the use of common and new sterilizers and the selection of optimal modes for effective sterilization of seedlings. Seedlings of a number of maize lines and hybrids were used as explants. The purified and washed plant material was placed in cups with 70 % ethyl alcohol for 1–2 min, and then transferred to the basic solution for sterilization. After sterilization, the material was washed 5–8 times in sterile distilled water. Studies have established the features of the use of a number of sterilizers and selected the optimal modes for effective sterilization of seedlings of forms of corn with erectoid placement of leaves. It was found that sodium hypochlorite is characterized by a high toxic effect on living organisms, in high concentrations causes a significant amount of explant necrosis. The duration of treatment of corn seedlings with hydrogen peroxide of 3 % concentration did not affect the sterilization efficiency. The most effective sterilizing substance for the introduction of seedlings in an isolated culture was determined 0.1 % solution of potassium permanganate exposure of 10 minutes, which allows to obtain up to 86 % of viable seedlings. With an increase in the sterilization exposure to 15 and 20 minutes, the yield of sterile explants significantly decreased and amounted to 65 and 48 %, respectively. It was noted that when using potassium permanganate, the amount of infected material was the lowest in the experiment and varied within 0.6–1.8 %.

scholarly journals Evaluation of natural plant extracts as antioxidants in a bovine in vitro model of oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 8938-8947 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ciampi ◽  
L.M. Sordillo ◽  
J.C. Gandy ◽  
M. Caroprese ◽  
A. Sevi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of AF-343, a Mixture of Cassia tora L., Ulmus pumila L., and Taraxacum officinale, on Compound 48/80-Mediated Allergic Responses in RBL-2H3 Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2434
Author(s):  
Eun Kyeong Lee ◽  
Jeongah Song ◽  
Youjin Seo ◽  
Eun Mi Koh ◽  
Seon-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Tnf Α

The purpose of this study was to determine the antiallergic effects of AF-343, a mixture of natural plant extracts from Cassia tora L., Ulmus pumila L., and Taraxacum officinale, on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. The inhibitory effects on cell degranulation, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were studied in compound 48/80-treated RBL-2H3 cells. The bioactive compounds in AF-343 were also identified by HPLC–UV. AF-343 was found to effectively suppress compound 48/80-induced β-hexosaminidase release, and interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in RBL-2H3 cells. In addition, AF-343 exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging effects in vitro (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 105 μg/mL) and potently inhibited compound 48/80-induced cellular ROS generation in a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Specifically, treatment with AF-343 exerted stronger antioxidant effects in vitro and antiallergic effects in cells than treatment with three single natural plant extracts. Furthermore, AF-343 was observed to contain bioactive compounds, including catechin, aurantio-obtusin, and chicoric acid, which have been reported to elicit antiallergic responses. This study reveals that AF-343 attenuates allergic responses via suppression of β-hexosaminidase release, IL-4 and TNF-α secretion, and ROS generation, perhaps through mechanisms related to catechin, aurantio-obtusin, and chicoric acid. The results indicate that AF-343 can be considered a treatment for various allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Application of HPLC-DAD for In Vitro Investigation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Tomasz Tuzimski ◽  
Anna Petruczynik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Sanguinaria Canadensis ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

Isoquinoline alkaloids may have a wide range of pharmacological activities. Some of them have acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. Nowadays, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease have become a serious public health problem. Searching for new effective compounds with inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity is one of the most significant challenges of modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the in vitro investigation of acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of extracts obtained from Sanguinaria canadensis collected before, during and after flowering. The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of these extracts has not been previously tested. The aim was also to quantify selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analyses of alkaloid content were performed using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water and ionic liquid (IL). The acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloid standards were examined using high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for the quantification of 5-thio-2-nitro-benzoic acid, which is the product of the reaction between the thiocholine (product of the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine reaction) with Ellman reagent. The application of the HPLC method allowed for elimination of absorption of interfering components, for example, alkaloids such as sanguinarine and berberine. It is revealed that the HPLC method can be successfully used for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in samples such as plant extracts, especially those containing colored components adsorbing at wavelength in the range 405–412 nm. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity synergy of pairs of alkaloid standards and mixture of all investigated alkaloids was also determined. Most investigated alkaloids and all Sanguinaria canadensis extracts exhibited very high acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition. IC50 values obtained for alkaloid standards were from 0.36 for berberine to 23.13 µg/mL for protopine and from 61.24 to 89.14 µg/mL for Sanguinaria canadensis extracts. Our investigations demonstrated that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition.

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