scholarly journals Hydroponic screening of traditional rice varieties in Assam, India to estimate their potential resistance to Al toxicity under P deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zina Moni Shandilya ◽  
Bhaben Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Trivalent Cation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Traditional Rice

Acid soils encompass nearly one-third of the available terrestrial land surface worldwide. Acidic soil is one of the major abiotic constraints for agricultural practices by potentially creating aluminum (Al) toxicity and/or phosphorous (P) deficiency. Assam, being an agricultural state of India, has the majority of its area covered by acidic soils due to the varied terrain in the region. Soil acidification increases the solubility of Al present in the soil from its nontoxic silicate or oxide forms into highly phytotoxic ionic Al (mainly the trivalent cation Al<sup>3+</sup>). Ionic Al can form complexes with the available phosphorous leading to plant nutrient deficiency. In the present investigation, screening of traditional rice varieties from Assam was conducted for tolerance to combined Al toxicity and P deficiency. Seedlings of 41 rice landraces from various agro-climatic locations were subjected to three different concentrations of Al (0, 50, 100 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 h under P deficiency in static nutrient culture to identify the extent of their resistance to these stressed conditions. Different morpho-physiological parameters (root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weight yields, chlorophyll and relative water content) were evaluated after stress treatment. All the experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates. Based on the overall morphological characters, total stress response index (TSRI) was calculated which showed a variation ranging from 18 to 23. Accordingly, the varieties were classified into different groups of resistance. Varieties ‘Moti’ and ‘Baismuthi’ were found to be the least resistant, whereas ‘Holpuna’, ‘Beto’, and ‘Soria Sali’ were identified as most tolerant varieties to Al toxicity under P deficiency. The findings of the present investigation could be exploited for developing promising varieties in future rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effect of seedling age on growth and yield of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties transplanted in Saline Coastal Area of Baros, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Riza Afrinda ◽  
Budiastuti Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Marginal land along the coast should be utilized to increase the national rice production. In addition, the use of saline resistant varieties, it is necessary to determine the best seedling age for saline soil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of two rice varieties transplanted at different seedling age on saline soil. The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, conducted at saline coastal area of Baros, Yogyakarta, starting from January to June 2017. The first factor was rice varieties, consisting of Dendang and IR-64. Meanwhile, the second factor was the seedling age, consisting of 2 and 4 weeks after sowing (WAS) seedlings. The results showed that the growth and yield of two rice varieties (Dendang and IR-64) showed significant difference, and Dendang showed a better performance than IR-64. The higher yield of Dendang compared to IR-64 was supported by higher plant growth (shoot dry weight) and yield components (number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per plot, and productivity). The 2 and 4 WAS seedlings did not give significantly different effects on nearly all growth variables. However, 2 WAS Dendang rice seedlings had higher shoot dry weight. Meanwhile, IR-64 had higher leaf greenness in 4 WAS seedlings compared to that in 2 WAS seedlings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Growth and Physiological Responses of Three Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties to Elevated Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Dede Yudo Kurniawan ◽  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

Temperature is a primary factor that affects the rate of plant development and has great impacts on plant growth, metabolism, and yield. A study was conducted to analyze the effects of elevated temperature on rice morphological and the physiological growth. The research was arranged in a nested randomized block design consisting of two factors, temperatures and rice varieties. Elevated temperatures were provided through the uses of different materials of plastic roof and walls to have an average and maximum temperature of 27.6 °C and 41.6 °C (T1); 28.1°C and 43.8 °C (T2), and 29.5°C and 47.1 C (T3), respectively. The study used three varieties of rice, “Ciasem”, “Ciherang”, and “IR64”. All rice varieties showed signifi cant increases in tiller number per hill and shoot dry weight, but had a decrease in the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and SPAD values at grain fi lling stage with the increasing temperatures. The number of tiller per hill increased when temperature was elevated from 27.6 to 28.1 and 29.5°C by about 29.9 and 21.3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis and Phenotypic Performances of BC3F2 Upland Rice Lines Containing Alt and Pup1 Loci

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rauful Mizan ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
NFN Tasliah ◽  
Nurul Hidayatun ◽  
Joko Prasetiyono, S.P., M.Si.
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Foreground Analysis ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing

<p>The challenges in upland rice cultivation are phosphorous (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity, each controlled by Pup1 and Alt loci, respectively. Pyramiding the two genes into Indonesian rice varieties were previously done through Marker-Assisted Backcrossing method to obtain BC3F2 populations. The aims of this study were to analyze the BC3F2 upland rice lines containing the Alt and Pup1 loci molecularly (foreground and background analyses) and to test their phenotypic performances. Genetic materials tested included Dupa variety (donor of Alt) and three improved Indonesian genotypes (Dodokan-Pup1, Situ Bagendit-Pup1, and Batur-Pup1) as recurrent parents, Kasalath (donor of Pup1), and 300 BC3F2 lines from Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, and Batur-Pup1+Alt, respectively. The rice genotypes were selected individually using modified Yoshida nutrient solution, followed by foreground and background analyses. 150 out of 300 seedlings were selected and maintained until harvest in the greenhouse. Foreground analysis using markers (RM1361, RM12031, and Kas46-2) and tiller number performances resulted in 18 plants from BC3F2 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, 30 plants from BC3F2 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, and 25 plants from BC3F2 Batur-Pup1+Alt still carrying Alt and Pup1 loci. Background analysis using molecular markers showed that the best individual lines of BC3F2 were number 56 for BC3F2 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, number 32 or 70 for BC3F2 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, and number 20 for BC3F2 Batur-Pup1+Alt. The selected lines having both both Alt and Pup1 loci in homozygote condition with highest number of tiller per plant which are useful genetic materials for developing upland rice variety tolerance to low P and Al toxicity.</p>

scholarly journals Verifikasi Lokus Aluminum Tolerance (Alt) pada Tiga Populasi BC3F1 Padi

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rauful Mizan ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Dan Joko Prasetiyono
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Recipient Parent

Most of marginal lands in Indonesia are in the form of acid dry land with low available P and high Al concentrations. Development of tolerant rice varieties to P deficiency and Al toxicity is one way to increase rice production. This study aimed to select BC3F1-Pup1+Alt genotypes from three crosses based on foreground and background markers. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor, from August to December 2015. The materials used were 300 genotypes of BC3F1 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt, BC3F1 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt, BC3F1 Batur-Pup1+Alt, and the parents. The research included selection in modified Yoshida’s nutrient solutions (0.5 ppm P dan 60 ppm Al) followed by foreground selection and background selection. Selection using Yoshida’s nutrient solution resulted in 150 genotypes with longer root than the recipient parent in each of the BC3F1 populations. Selection with foreground markers using markers RM1361 and RM12031 produced 85 genotypes of BC3F1 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt (56.6%), 105 genotypes of BC3F1 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt (70%), and 77 genotypes of BC3F1 Batur-Pup1+Alt (51.33%). Selection using background markers revealed that genotype number 116 (BC3F1 Dodokan-Pup1+Alt), number 2 (BC3F1 Situ Bagendit-Pup1+Alt), and number 129 (BC3F1 Batur-Pup1+Alt) were the best genotypes with percentage of parent recovery of 95%, 90%, and 90.5%, respectively. These three genotypes were verified to have Alt loci and had the largest genetic proportion of restoring parents. Keywords: Alt, background markers, foreground markers, Pup1, upland rice

scholarly journals Karakter Morfologi dan Fisiologi yang Berkaitan dengan Efisiensi Pemakaian Air pada Beberapa Varietas Padi Gogo

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Laili Munawaroh ◽  
Eko Sulistyono ◽  
Iskandar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Upland rice cultivation required specific cultivation, particularly the use of crop varieties that have good water-use efficiency or varieties that are able to adapt to the conditions of limited water availability. The aim of this study was to describe characters of morphology and physiology related to water use efficiency of upland rice varieties. The research was conducted from October 2013 to April 2014 in the greenhouse IPB Experimental Station Cikabayan, Bogor. The research was arranged in randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was 5 upland rice varieties (Inpago 5, Batutegi, Jatiluhur, Inpago 8 and Sarinah). The second factor was 4 irrigation intervals which were 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Characteristics assosiated with water saving of upland rices were higher plant height, longer panicle, larger roots volume, narrower leaves, higher evapotranspiration, faster flowering phase, greener leaves, higher number of leaves and tillers, heavier dry matter, higher number of grains, heavier 100 grain weight and dry weight of grains. The fraction of available absorbed water at panicle  initiation,  flowering  and  harvesting  were 83.36%, 137.14% and 116.65%, respectively, to obtain dry grains of 3.39 ton ha-1.<br /><br />Keywords: evapotranspiration, water fraction, WUE<br /><br />

scholarly journals Characterization of nutrient deficiency in Hancornia speciosa Gomes seedlings by omitting micronutrients from the nutrient solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution

Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Mangaba tree) is a fruit tree belonging to the Apocynaceae family and is native to Brazil. The production of seedlings of this species is limited by a lack of technical and nutritional expertise. To address this deficiency, this study aimed to characterize the visual symptoms of micronutrient deficiency and to assess growth and leaf nutrient accumulation in H. speciosa seedlings supplied with nutrient solutions that lack individual micronutrients. H. speciosa plants were grown in nutrient solution in a greenhouse according to a randomized block design, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of a group receiving complete nutrient solution and groups treated with a nutrient solution lacking one of the following micronutrients: boron (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo). The visual symptoms of nutrient deficiency were generally easy to characterize. Dry matter production was affected by the omission of micronutrients, and the treatment lacking Fe most limited the stem length, stem diameter, root length, and number of leaves in H. speciosa seedlings as well as the dry weight of leaves, the total dry weight, and the relative growth in H. speciosa plants. The micronutrient contents of H. speciosa leaves from plants receiving the complete nutrient solution treatment were, in decreasing order, Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn>B.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bangladeshi Rice Genotypes and Improved lines for Shoot Biomass under higher levels of Phosphorus Deficiency at vegetative stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nashir Uddin ◽  
Hilton Smita ◽  
Zakir Hossain ◽  
Yoshimichi Fukuta ◽  
S. M. Mostafa Kamal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Phosphorus is vital nutrient for the plant growth, and inevitable to maintain the yield of rice. Current practices of chemical phosphorus fertilization is not sustainable because of its limited sources and non-renewable nature together with higher expenses. Breeding low phosphorus tolerant or resistant with higher uptake and assimilation efficient rice variety is the best alternative for sustainable production. This study aimed to evaluate the selected Bangladeshi rice germplasms and improved lines under phosphorus deficient soil to know their level of deficiency tolerance or resistance. A total of 28 rice genotypes from various ecotypes such as Aus, Aman, Boro and Jhum were collected and grown in pot contained highly phosphorus deficient soil in the rooftop polythene shed house during October 2019 to March 2020. A phosphorus deficiency susceptible variety, IR 64, was used as control, and experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with two replications. Biomass related traits such as dry weight (DW) and relative dry weight (RDW, %) were analyzed at early vegetative stage. Visual score based on the responses to artificial drought occurred appeared due to absence of water for 5 consecutive days because of government imposed Covid-19 lockdown were also evaluated in a scale of 0 to 4. Plants showed wide variation in the measured traits in both in the phosphorus added normal or phosphorus deficient conditions. Two patterns of responses were observed. One patterns was similar to susceptible control IR 64 and another is highly sensitive to P- deficiency. Cluster analysis resulted four groups (I to IV). Group I consist of 4 rice cultivar including Pathar kuchi, lal dhan, INL-9 and 30, and showed lower DW under both phosphorus added &amp; deficient conditions together with higher susceptibility to artificial drought. IR 64 belongs to the Group- II together with Murali, Kuti Agrani, Kernaicha and other 5 INLs. They have higher DW in phosphorus added condition but very low RDW in phosphorus deficient condition and also susceptible to artificial drought. Group III cultivars have medium DW under phosphorus added and low RDW under phosphorus deficient condition and Kali jira and Aus (Awned) are belong to this group. Two jhum variety, Renkhoa Dhan and Galongpru and 7 INLs are belong to the group IV which has moderate to high RDW under both phosphorus added and phosphorus deficient conditions. Rice cultivars of this group showed higher levels of tolerance to artificial drought and are promising for further breeding program to develop phosphorus deficiency tolerant variety.

scholarly journals Weed Growth and Lowland Rice Production as Affected by Planting Patterns and Rice Varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Dwi Fajar Rianto ◽  
Dwi Guntoro ◽  
Edi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Weeds are one of the most limiting factors in rice cultivation. This study aims to evaluate the eff ects of rice planting patterns on the prevalence of several weed species, Cyperus iria, Echinochloa crusgalli, Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis, Ludwigia octovalvis, and Spenoclea zeylanica, and to discuss the implications on rice production systems. The research was conducted in IPB Sawah Baru experimental farm in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, from December 2017 to April 2018. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two factors, rice varieties and rice planting methods. The rice varieties, “IPB 3S” and “Ciherang”, were assigned as the main plot, whereas planting methods, i.e. 25x25 tile, Legowo 2:1 (double rows), Legowo 4:1 (quadruple rows), as sub-plots. The results showed that in the “IPB 3S” plots L. octovalvis shoot dry weight decreased by 33.0%, the root dry weight of L. chinensis roots decreased by 22.6%, and the number of S. zeylanica weed leaves decreased by 28.4% compared to the plots planted with “Ciherang”. With legowo 2:1 planting method the dry weights of L. octovalvis decreased by 21.5%, L. octovalvis by 1.7%, and L. chinensis by 4.4%, and the number of weeds E. crus-galli by 7.0 % compared to Tegel 25x25 method. L. chinensis seemed to be a dominant weed at both vegetative and generative stage of rice development.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE VARIETIES ON IRON STRESS IN NUTRIENT CULTURE MEDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Emilia Oktatora ◽  
Rujito Agus Suwignyo ◽  
Mery Hasmeda ◽  
Rosa Damayanti
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Iron Concentrations

Decreased rice productivity due to high iron concentrations especially in the vegetative phase, this causes the morphological character of rice to be affected until the metabolic process is disrupted. This study used 6 varieties, namely Batu Tegi, Inpara 9, Situ Patenggang, Inpara 8, Hawarabunar and Inpago 8, with iron concentrations of 0 and 250 ppm. The seeds were germinated for 3 days, then planted in Kimura B 10% nutrient culture media for 9 days, for 2 weeks then each week the media was changed to 100% Kimura B solution with the addition of 250 ppm iron concentration which was sampled every week until the 35th day. The results of the analysis of variance of the variables of plant height and root length showed that the combination Inpara 8-01 was the best combination and had a significant effect compared to other combinations with an average value of 61.31 cm and 30.77 cm. In the variable number of leaves the best average value was found in the combination of Batu Tegi-01 and Inpara 9-01 which had a significant effect compared to other treatments with an average value of 5.87 strands and 9.60 strands, respectively. On the stem dry weight variable, the combination of Hawarabunar-250 ppm Fe had a significant effect on other treatment combinations with the highest value of 0.17 g and the lowest value of treatment combination Inpara 9-250 ppm with a value of 0.08 g. Based on the results of treatment with 250 ppm Fe stress on plant morphological characters, the Hawarabunar variety had the best response in tolerating Fe stress, while the Batu Tegi variety was the lowest in tolerating Fe stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Rates on Morphological Development of Upland Rice Varieties in Mwea, Kirinyaga County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sammy Kingei Kagito ◽  
Esther W. Gikonyoi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
N Rates

Rice is the third most important cereal in consumption after maize and wheat in Kenya. It has been grown as a commercial food crop under irrigated and rain fed ecologies. Low soil Nitrogen (N) fertility is a major constraint to upland rice production in smallholder farmers mostly under rain fed agriculture. This study evaluated the morphological development of upland rice varieties as influenced by different N fertilizer treatments. A field study was carried out at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization experimental farm in Kirinyaga County for two seasons. The experiment was laid down as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split-plot arrangement in three replications. The main plot factors were the five upland rice genotypes, MWUR1, MWUR4, NERICA4, NERICA10 and IRAT109, while the subplots factors were the four N rates, 0, 26, 52 and 78 kg N ha-1. In addition calcium ammonium nitrate (26% N) was top-dressed in two equal splits at 21 and 45 days after sowing. Data on plant growth parameters was collected at fortnight interval. The analysis of variance revealed significant (p < 0.05) variation on plant height and tiller numbers due to N rates. However, there was no significant variation in plant height and tiller numbers due to variety. In addition, shoot and root dry weight and leaf area were significantly different due to variety and N rates in both seasons. Finally root dry weight was not significantly different due to variety and N-rates in the two seasons. The current study has shown that increase in nitrogen level lead to significant increase in plant height, tiller numbers, shoot dry weight and root dry weight. The study recommends the use of N fertilizers for rice cultivation to increase N supply in the soil.

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