scholarly journals Comparison of the response of seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to glyphosate applied to the shoot or to the root zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Henryk Dębski ◽  
Magdalena Szwed ◽  
Danuta Koczkodaj ◽  
Józef Klocek
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

We examined the response of common buckwheat (<em>Fagopyrum esculentum</em> Moench) seedlings, as a nontarget plant, to various doses of glyphosate applied to the root zone or to the shoots. Glyphosate was used at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM concentrations. The study was conducted on seedlings grown in hydroponic cultures under controlled growth conditions. Primary root and shoot growth, anthocyanin and photosynthetic pigment contents were measured to assess the effects of exposure to glyphosate. Glyphosate applied to shoots had a considerably higher impact on the growth of primary roots and shoots of seedlings. Low glyphosate concentrations produced an increase in anthocyanin content of hypocotyls, regardless of the mode of its application. Increasing the concentration of glyphosate applied to the root zone resulted in a gradual increase in anthocyanin content in cotyledons. Our overall results show that in hydroponically grown common buckwheat seedlings, glyphosate is less phytotoxic when applied to the root zone than when applied to the shoot. Low doses of glyphosate applied to the root zone stimulate root and shoot growth and increase the anthocyanin levels in cotyledons. The phytotoxicity of glyphosate was decreased in the absence of mineral nutrients in the root zone of buckwheat seedlings.

scholarly journals Species and Their Relationships with Air and Soil Temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
The Other ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Royal palms [Roystonea regia (HBK.) O.F. Cook], coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L. `Malayan Dwarf'), queen palms [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman], and pygmy date palms (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) were grown in a rhizotron to determine the patterns of root and shoot growth over a 2-year period. Roots and shoots of all four species of palms grew throughout the year, but both root and shoot growth rates were positively correlated with air and soil temperature for all but the pygmy date palms. Growth of primary roots in all four species was finite for these juvenile palms and lasted for only 5 weeks in royal palms, but ≈7 weeks in the other three species. Elongation of secondary roots lasted for only 9 weeks for coconut palms and less than half of that time for the other three species. Primary root growth rate varied from 16 mm·week-1 for coconut and pygmy date palms to 31 mm·week-1 for royal palms, while secondary root growth rates were close to 10 mm·week-1 for all species. About 25% of the total number of primary roots in these palms grew in contact with the rhizotron window, allowing the prediction of the total root number and length from the sample of roots visible in the rhizotron. Results indicated that there is no obvious season when palms should not be transplanted in southern Florida because of root inactivity.

scholarly journals The effect of cis-jasmone, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate on accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in seedlings of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Halina Mioduszewska ◽  
Danuta Koczkodaj ◽  
Marian Saniewski
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Effects of various jasmonates (methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, cis-jasmone) on anthocyanins and procyanidins content of, as well as on growth of common buckwheat (<em>Fagopyrum esculentum</em> Moench) seedlings were studied. The studied jasmonates were applied as solutions or vapors on four days seedlings, and the seedlings were grown during the next four days in day/night conditions (16/8 h). Afterwards anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins content, as well as elongation of primary roots and hypocotyls were measured. When applied as solutions cis-jasmone (JAS) stimulated the anthocyanins accumulation, but when used as vapors had tendency to decrease its accumulation in buckwheat hypocotyls. Jasmonic acid (JA) solutions slightly stimulated or had no effect on biosynthesis of anthocyanins in buckwheat hypocotyls, but used as vapors caused a decline of anthocyanins in buckwheat hypocotyls. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) clearly inhibited biosynthesis of anthocyanins in hypocotyls of buckwheat seedlings. The studied jasmonates had no influence on anthocyanins level in cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings, except cis-jasmone, which at the lowest solution concentration slightly enhanced biosynthesis of the pigments. Treatment of buckwheat seedlings with solutions of all jasmonates (10<sup>-8</sup> M, 10<sup>-6</sup> M and 10<sup>-4</sup> M) had no influence on the growth of buckwheat hypocotyls. Contrary to that observation vapors of the growth regulators in concentrations 10<sup>-4</sup> M, had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of hypocotyls of buckwheat seedlings. Solutions of JA and MJ, as well as vapors of JA, MJ and JAS strongly inhibited the primary root growth of buckwheat seedlings, while JAS applied as solution had no such influence. MJ and JA caused much higher stimulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in buckwheat hypocotyls than JAS.

scholarly journals The effect of methyl jasmonate and phenolic acids on growth of seedlings and accumulation of anthocyanins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Horbowicz ◽  
Halina Mioduszewska ◽  
Danuta Koczkodaj ◽  
Marian Saniewski
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and phenolic acids: <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid (<i>t</i>-CA), <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (<i>p</i>-CA), salicylic acid (SA) as well as naringenine (NAR) on growth of seedlings and accumulation of anthocyanins in common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench) were studied. JA-Me and phenolics were applied to growth medium of 4-days etiolated buckwheat seedlings before their exposition to day/night (16h/8h) conditions. The increase of primary roots and hypocotyls length were measured after 3 days of seedling growth in such conditions. At the end of experiment the total anthocyanins contents were measured as well. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and trans-cinnamic acid (<i>t</i>-CA) inhibited growth of the primary root in young buckwheat seedlings, while naringenine (NAR) had a stimulatory influence, and <i>p</i>-coumaric acid had no effect at all. None of investigated phenolics or JA-Me had an effect on the growth of buckwheat hypocotyls, except the mixture of JA-Me and <i>p</i>-coumarcic acid. JA-Me significantly decreased the anthocyanins level in buckwheat hypocototyls, but not in cotyledons. <i>trans</i>-Cinnamic acid, <i>p</i>-coumaric acid and naringenine had no significant influence on the anthocyanin level in hypocotyls and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings. Simultaneous treatment of buckwheat seedlings with JA-Me and <i>t</i>-CA or <i>p</i>-CA did not change the inhibition of anthocyanins accumulation in buckwheat hypocotyls by JA-Me. In the hypocotyls of buckwheat treated with a mixture of JA-Me and NAR, or SA, a synergistic reduction of anthocyanins was observed.

Nitrate Uptake, Root and Shoot Growth, and Ion Balance of Soybean Plants during Acclimation to Root-Zone Acidity

1982 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rufty, ◽  
C. David Raper, ◽  
William A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Patterns in Four Palm Species and Their Relationships with Air and Soil Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Royal palms [Roystonea regia (HBK.) O.F. Cook], coconut palms (Cocos nucifera L. `Malayan Dwarf'), queen palms [Syagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman], and pygmy date palms (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien) were grown in a rhizotron to determine the patterns of root and shoot growth over a 2-year period. Roots and shoots of all four species of palms grew throughout the year, but both root and shoot growth rates were positively correlated with air and soil temperature for all but the pygmy date palms. Growth of primary roots in all four species was finite for these juvenile palms and lasted for only 5 weeks in royal palms, but ≈7 weeks in the other three species. Elongation of secondary roots lasted for only 9 weeks for coconut palms and less than half of that time for the other three species. Primary root growth rate varied from 16 mm·week-1 for coconut and pygmy date palms to 31 mm·week-1 for royal palms, while secondary root growth rates were close to 10 mm·week-1 for all species. About 25% of the total number of primary roots in these palms grew in contact with the rhizotron window, allowing the prediction of the total root number and length from the sample of roots visible in the rhizotron. Results indicated that there is no obvious season when palms should not be transplanted in southern Florida because of root inactivity.

scholarly journals Herbicide Use In Propagation: Effects on Rooting and Root Growth of Stem Cuttings

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Buxus Microphylla ◽  
Herbicide Use

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of several preemergence applied herbicides on rooting, root quality and subsequent root growth of selected woody cuttings. In the first experiment Ilex × attenuata Ashe ‘Fosteri’ rooting percentage, primary root numbers and root ratings were suppressed with Surflan (oryzalin). In the second experiment, the long-term effects of herbicide use in propagation were monitored for 13 months after potting. Suppression of one or more rooting variables occurred with the 3 species, Abelia X grandiflora ‘Sherwoodii’, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, and Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’, 8 weeks after cuttings were placed in propagation. Thirteen months later, Surflan treated boxwood exhibited root and shoot growth suppression while ‘Compacta’ holly exhibited suppressed root growth.

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1142
Author(s):  
Alena Vollmannová ◽  
Janette Musilová ◽  
Judita Lidiková ◽  
Július Árvay ◽  
Marek Šnirc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable source of proteins, B vitamins, manganese, tryptophan, phytochemicals with an antioxidant effect, and the natural flavonoid rutin. Due to its composition, buckwheat supports the human immune system, regulates blood cholesterol, and is suitable for patients with diabetes or celiac disease. The study aimed to compare the allocation of selected phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, vitexin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the leaves, flowers, and grain of buckwheat cultivars of different origin. The content of individual phenolics was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The results confirmed the determining role of cultivar on the relative content of chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-sinapic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol in buckwheat plants. A significantly negative correlation among concentrations of phenolic acids in different common buckwheat plant parts shows that there are different mechanisms of genetic influences on the concentration of phenolic substances in common buckwheat flowers, leaves, and grain. These differences should be taken into account when breeding buckwheat for a high concentration of selected phenolic substances.

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