scholarly journals Necromass as seed reservoir in macroforb meadows with varied moisture conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Franczak ◽  
Bożenna Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dead Plant ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Storage

<p>Necromass, i.e., dead plant parts, has a great impact on the spatial patterns of populations and communities. Depending on its thickness and the degree of decomposition, it may constitute a space-blocking physical barrier and impede recruitment of individuals due to, e.g., autotoxication. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the necromass layer in formation of the soil seed bank of variously moist meadow communities and its influence on the efficiency of generative reproduction. The authors paid special attention to the possibility of capture and storage of seeds of species occurring in the vegetation cover by necromass. Additionally, selected features of seeds of species present on the necromass were analyzed in order to identify species that can potentially contribute to formation of the necromass seed bank.</p><p>The plant cover comprised 52 species in total. Seedlings of 21 taxa appeared on the necromass and their number ranged from 10 to 13, depending on the patch. The density of the seedlings ranged from 339 to 4923 m<sup>−2</sup>. In all patches, <em>Lythrum salicaria</em> and <em>Lysimachia vulgaris</em> seedlings were most numerous. These two species were characterized by the highest frequency as well. The low values of Jaccard’s index (0.28–0.36) imply a low share of taxa that are common for the necromass and the vegetation cover. This result should be explained by the occurrence of large disproportions in the number of all species identified on the necromass and among the vegetation. The seeds are typically characterized by small sizes and usually have smooth or finely striated and/or ribbed surface texture. The presence of additional structures, e.g., pappus and hairs, in the largest and heaviest seeds (<em>Crepis paludosa</em>, <em>Geum rivale</em>, and <em>Cirsium</em> spp.) may help seeds capture in the necromass.</p>

The role of the permanent soil seed bank in early stages of a post-agricultural succession in the Inland Pampa, Argentina

Vegetatio ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina D'Angela ◽  
Jos� M. Facelli ◽  
Elizabeth Jacobo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Early Stages

scholarly journals Residues of sweet sorghum promotes suppression of weeds in sugarcane rotation

2020 ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Fidelis Giancotti ◽  
Mariluce Pascoína Nepomuceno ◽  
Juliana de Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Micheli Yamauti ◽  
José Valcir Fidelis Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

Sorghum is an important crop to plant in rotation with sugarcane. This is mainly because both are inputs for the ethanol industry. Crop residues of sweet sorghum promote suppression of weed re-infestation, avoiding weed interference to the sugarcane crop due to the strong allelopathic potential of sorghum. In order to determine the suppressive effects of sorghum crop residues on weeds, a field experiment was carried out. Seven vegetation covers were used as options for crop rotation with sugarcane. The treatments were sweet sorghum, velvet bean, sunflower, soybean, sugar cane, fallow, and an area without cover. The experiment was randomized blocks with four replications of 27 m2 plots. The weed community of each plot was evaluated by phytosociological indexes at 60 and 120 days after the formation of vegetation cover. The composition of soil seed bank was also evaluated. The weeds with the highest indexes of relative importance during the evaluations were Cyperus rotundus, Raphanus raphanistrum and Parthenium hysterophorus. The diversity of the weed community, estimated by relative importance indexes, was lower in the area with velvet bean as soil cover. Sorghum, velvet bean and sunn hemp covers reduced the soil seed bank compared to the fallow treatment and the treatment without vegetation cover. Crop residues of sweet sorghum and velvet bean provide a decrease in weed infestation in field, and the weed suppression period can last up to 120 days during the dry season.

The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Annemieke Ruttledge ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Gregory Falzon ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Brian M. Sindel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Persistent Soil Seed Bank

A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.

The role of fire and a long-lived soil seed bank in maintaining persistence, genetic diversity and connectivity in a fire-prone landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Bradbury ◽  
Sarah-Louise Tapper ◽  
David Coates ◽  
Shelley McArthur ◽  
Margaret Hankinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank

scholarly journals Genetic variation in an ephemeral mudflat species: The role of the soil seed bank and dispersal in river and secondary anthropogenic habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3620-3635
Author(s):  
Jörg Böckelmann ◽  
Karin Tremetsberger ◽  
Kateřina Šumberová ◽  
Gudrun Kohl ◽  
Heinrich Grausgruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats

Role of indehiscent pericarp in formation of soil seed bank in five cold desert Brassicaceae species

Plant Ecology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 218 (10) ◽  
pp. 1187-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Lu ◽  
Dun Y. Tan ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Brassicaceae Species

Seed and vegetation dynamics in an alpine herb field: effects of disturbance type

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne C. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pocket Gopher ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Highly Correlated

Relationships among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank were examined on a late seral herb field characterized by pocket gopher disturbance and on an early seral gravel borrow that had been severely disturbed 35 years ago on the Beartooth Plateau, Montana. Aboveground vegetation cover was assessed by species in twelve 5-m2 plots. Seed rain was sampled during the 1988, 1989, and 1990 growing seasons with pitfall traps, and the soil seed bank was sampled in fall 1989, spring 1990, and fall 1990. The seed rain (filled seeds) on the borrow area ranged from 7730 to 14 009 seeds/m2 and was higher than that found on other alpine sites; that on the Geum turf ranged from 3375 to 6179 seeds/m2 and was similar to that for other alpine sites. Although highly variable among dates on the borrow area, the seed banks were similar to those of comparable alpine sites. Seed bank density ranged from 1980 to 6003 seeds/m2 on the borrow area and from 3202 to 4647 seeds/m2 on the Geum turf area. The Geum turf area had higher vegetation cover than the borrow area (87 vs. 25%) and higher numbers of species in the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank. Relationships among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank were largely determined by the disturbance characteristics of the different sites and the life-history strategies of the dominant species. Medium-lived species, primarily grasses, with high production of small and compact seeds had colonized the borrow area. Despite establishment of other species, 35 years after disturbance the medium-lived species still dominated the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank. Species abundances in the three different components were all highly correlated. In contrast, on the Geum turf area there were no correlations among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, or seed bank. Long-lived forbs that produced low numbers of relatively large seeds dominated the aboveground vegetation and persisted on the area primarily in the vegetative state. The same medium-lived species that dominated the borrow area had the highest abundance in the seed rain on the Geum turf area and appeared to persist by colonizing small-scale disturbances caused by gopher burrowing. Short-lived species with small, long-lived seeds existed on the site primarily through a highly persistent seed bank. The relationships among the aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and seed bank on the Geum turf and borrow areas are compared with those observed for more temperate systems following disturbance. Key words: alpine, herb field, Geum turf, disturbance, vegetation cover, seed rain, seed bank, colonization, establishment, succession.

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