scholarly journals Effects of CaCl2 solutions to alleviate drought stress effects in potted ornamentals Salvia splendens and Ageratum houstonianum

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jędrzejuk ◽  
Aleksandra Łukaszewska ◽  
Andrzej Pacholczak
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Relative Water

Bedding plants are often subjected to soil water deficit – either after planting and/or during the market chain. Methods to alleviate the negative water stress effects are sought for to preserve ornamental values of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of two bedding plants, <em>Ageratum houstonianum</em> Mill. and <em>Salvia splendens</em> Sellow ex Scult., to water stress and treatments with calcium chloride aimed to alleviate drought effects. Plants were subjected either to 45 days of periodical stress (five cycles when watering was off for 5 consecutive days, followed by four cycles on for 5 consecutive days) or 10 days of radical drought (complete water withdrawal). On the first day, before the onset of drought, plants were watered with 0.5% Ca or 1% Ca w/v as a solution of calcium chloride (5 g or 10 g Ca per 1 dm<sup>3</sup> of the growing substrate). The similarly Ca-treated but routinely watered plants provided controls to evaluate the water shortage effects. Plant height, inflorescence length/number, leaf number, leaf area (in <em>Salvia splendens</em> only), aboveground plant part weight, and root weight (in <em>Salvia splendens</em> only) as well as leaf relative water content (RWC) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiments. Water withdrawal during 10 days of growth (radical drought) reduced by half RWC in leaves of withering <em>Salvia splendens</em> and <em>Ageratum houstonianum</em> plants. Its effects on the growth parameters were less pronounced and mitigated by Ca applications. Also in the periodically stressed plants of both species, RWC and most growth parameters were reduced by water shortage but Ca applications alleviated the negative stress effects.

Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Yousfi ◽  
Ines Slama ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

scholarly journals Antioxidant enzyme activities in Allium species and their cultivars under water stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Csiszár ◽  
E. Lantos ◽  
I. Tari ◽  
E. Madoşă ◽  
B. Wodala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Relative Water

We compared the enzymatic antioxidative defence mechanisms of some regional subspecies of <I>Allium (A. cepa </I>L., <I>A. ascalonicum</I> auct. hort., A.<I> sativum</I> L.) cultivated mainly in the western regions of Romania, and two modern Hungarian climate resistant F <sub>1</sub> hybrids. The variability in the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and their changes under soil moisture stress were investigated. 1-week-long water stress revealed that among three <I>Allium</I> species, relative water content decreased only in <I>A. ascalonicum</I> leaves (up to 16%). Unlike root enzymes, the activities of the shoot enzymes, especially POD, GR and GST showed a stronger correlation with the water content of the leaves after one week of water withdrawal; regression coefficients (<I>R</I><sup>2</sup>) were 0.359, 0.518 and 0.279, respectively. The ancient populations with elevated (or highly inducible) antioxidant enzyme activities may be interesting for further research and for breeding of new <I>Allium</I> varieties.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Salinity Stress Effects on Growth, Physio-Chemical Parameters and Yield of Snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
El Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Seham A. Ibrahim ◽  
Abdel Rahman M. Merwad
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Relative Water

Pots experiment was carried out during season 2017 at greenhouse of the Agric. Bot. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt to evaluate the effect of glycine betaine (GB) application under salinity stress (50 and100 mM NaCl) on growth, physio-chemical analysis and yield of snap bean cv. Bronco. A complete randomized blocks design was used in this search with three replications. Growth parameters, chlorophyll content and green pod yield were significantly decreased with subjecting plants to NaCl. However foliar application of GB detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and significantly improved the above mention parameters. Salinity stress increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and decreased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC). While foliar application of GB was improved MSI and RWC and minimized EL. Proline content and antioxidant enzymes significantly increased in the response to NaCl stress as well as GB application.

Relationships between relative water content and growth parameters under water stress in barley: a QTL study

1997 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. TEULAT ◽  
P. MONNEVEUX ◽  
J. WERY ◽  
C. BORRIES ◽  
I. SOUYRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Relative Water

scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity of two M. oleifera ecotypes from different climatic zones under water stress and re-watering

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Antonella Gori ◽  
Barbara Baesso Moura ◽  
Francesco Loreto ◽  
Federico Sebastiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing hygrophilic tree native to a humid sub-tropical region of India, now widely planted in many regions of the Southern Hemisphere characterized by low soil water availability. The widespread cultivation of this plant worldwide may have led to populations with different physiological and biochemical traits. In this work, the impact of water stress on the physiology and biochemistry of two M. oleifera populations, one from Chaco Paraguayo (PY) and one from Indian Andhra Pradesh (IA) region, was studied in a screenhouse experiment where the water stress treatment was followed by re-watering. Through transcriptome sequencing, 2201 potential genic simple sequence repeats were identified and used to confirm the genetic differentiation of the two populations. Both populations of M. oleifera reduced photosynthesis, water potential, relative water content and growth under drought, compared to control well-watered plants. A complete recovery of photosynthesis after re-watering was observed in both populations, but growth parameters recovered better in PY than in IA plants. During water stress, PY plants accumulated more secondary metabolites, especially β-carotene and phenylpropanoids, than IA plants, but IA plants invested more into xanthophylls and showed a higher de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls cycle that contributed to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. M. oleifera demonstrated a high genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity, which are key factors for adaptation to dry environments. A higher plasticity (e.g. in PY plants adapted to wet environments) will be a useful trait to endure recurrent but brief water stress episodes, whereas long-term investment of resources into secondary metabolism (e.g. in IA plants adapted to drier environments) will be a successful strategy to cope with prolonged periods of drought. This makes M. oleifera an important resource for agro-forestry in a climate change scenario.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to under Water Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamirat Wato
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Relative Water

Background: Drought is one of the most important abiotic factors that limit the growth and development of plants all over the world. In Ethiopia, wheat is the second most important crop and occupies third in total production in the African countries. Low productivity as compared to the national production scale is due to water stress. The present work aimed to study the effect of water stress on the growth and yield performance of wheat.Methods: The experiment was conducted in an exceeding greenhouse at East Gojjam Zone, Debre Markos University in 2017-2018 to assess the effects of wheat to water stress applied at different growth stages. The experiment comprised of two water stress treatments, maintained by withholding water at tillering, anthesis and at each stage. Different growth and yield performance data were collected and analyzed by SAS software.Result: Water stress caused a reduction in leaf relative water contents, water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, growth and yield components of the wheat. The results indicated that successive stress at growth stages caused a severe reduction in vegetative growth parameters of wheat. Therefore, the results indicated that the high value of relative water content was related to exaggerated yield and its components of crops. The water-stressed treatment has reduced the growth and yield performance of wheat than unstressed treatments. This was due to a reduction in the osmotic activities of plants.

Glyphosate and Water-Stress Effects on Fruiting and Carbohydrates in Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

Crop Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy A. Pline ◽  
Randy Wells ◽  
Gary Little ◽  
Keith L. Edmisten ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Effects

scholarly journals In vitro Osmotic Stress Memory in Chrisanthemum hybridum: Structural and Physiological Responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiia Samarina ◽  
Valentina Malyarovskaya ◽  
Yulija Abilfazova ◽  
Natalia Platonova ◽  
Kristina Klemeshova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Relative Water

Structural and physiological responses of chrysanthemum to repeated osmotic stress were studied. Plants were cultured for 2 weeks (for each stress1 and stress 2) on half MS supplemented with mannitol 100 mM (Treatment I) and 200 mM (Treatment II). First stress inhibited growth parameters stronger than second stress in treatment I. In treatment II both stress events strongly inhibited growth parameters of micro‐shoots. Proline content exceeded control 6 ‐ 8 times after 1st stress, and 2 ‐ 5 times after the 2nd stress in treatments I and II, respectively. Soluble protein was accumulated in leaves during both stress exposures, and 2 ‐ 2.5 times exceeded control after the 2nd stress. Relative water content in both treatments increased after the 2nd stress exposure. In treatment II chlorophyll а and carotenoids contents were 8.78 and 4.62 mg/g comparing to control (4.21 and 2.25 mg/g, respectively) after the 1st stress. But after the 2nd stress there was no difference with control.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(2): 161-169, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

Extending the "Degree Day" Concept of Plant Phenological Development to Include Water Stress Effects

Ecology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwood B. Idso ◽  
Ray D. Jackson ◽  
Robert J. Reginato
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Degree Day
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