scholarly journals Effects of economic clusters, FDI and R&D on Innovation: Developing Countries in European Monetary Union Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durmuş Çağrı Yıldırım ◽  
KORHAN ARUN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of clusters, FDI, RD, and GDP per capita on innovation. Using a unique panel dataset obtained from eight developing countries with similar innovation levels that are in and out of economic clusters from 2001-2014. The empirical results show that dynamic (uncountable) effects of clusters are not statistically significant on innovation, but static effects (countable) are. Therefore, clusters are effective for developing countries on trade but not innovation directly that developing country should increase trade for innovation spillover by moderation effect of being in economic unions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Urban Transportation Infrastructure on Air Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Guo ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Kin Keung Lai ◽  
Yingqin Zhang ◽  
Shubin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
National Level ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

While previous study has confirmed significant correlation between infrastructure construction and air quality, little is known about the nature of the relationship. In this paper, we intend to fill this gap by using the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model to discuss the nonlinear relationship between transportation infrastructure construction and air quality. The panel data includes 280 cities in China for the period 2000-2017. We find that the transportation infrastructure investment is positively correlated to the air quality when the GDP per capita is below RMB 7151 or the number of motor vehicle population per capita is below 37 (vehicles per 10,000 persons) where the model is in the lower regime, and that the transportation infrastructure investment is negatively correlated to the air quality when the GDP per capita is greater than RMB 7151 or the number of motor vehicle population per capita is larger than 37 (vehicles per 10,000 persons) where the model is in the upper regime. The empirical results of the three sub-samples, including eastern, western and central regions, are similar to that of the national level. Furthermore, increasing transportation infrastructure investment is conducive to improving air quality. Urban bus services, green area, population density, wind speed and rainfall are also conducive to reducing air pollution, but the role of environmental regulation is not significant. After adding the instrumental variable (urban built-up area), the conclusions are further supported. Finally, relevant policy recommendations for reducing air pollution are proposed based on the empirical results.

scholarly journals Pitfalls of DSGE Model Approach in Monetary Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-382
Author(s):  
Zlatica Konôpková
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Dsge Model ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Country Size ◽  
Policy Simulations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Approach

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of country size on the DSEG model estimation of the monetary union. Following DSGE model for fiscal policy simulations (FiMod) the union is considered to have a two-country structure, the investigated country has weight in union equal to its population share and the second country represents the rest of members. The model is estimated for different country sizes and it is found there are two areas of equilibrium instability which covers 11 of 19 European Monetary Union members. The result is in contrary with Stähler and Thomas (2012) who estimated FiMod for Spain and stated that model can be recalibrated to every member of the monetary union. According to the result the size of country matters and affects the stability of equilibrium. Therefore, special attention is paid to small economies in monetary union. The results and consequences are then discussed with examples from recent history.

scholarly journals The Impact of European Monetary Union on Finance-Growth Nexus

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
Saeed Armin ◽  
Saifuzzaman Ibrahim ◽  
W. N. W. Azman-Saini
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Finance Growth Nexus

Reducing Inequality in Developing Countries Through Microfinance

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richardson Kojo Edeme ◽  
Chigozie Nelson Nkalu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Linear Connection ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
The Impact

Even though microfinance is expected to significantly affect macro variables such as inequality, poverty, and human development, there has not been enough empirical study on the impact analysis at the macro level, such as the effect of microfinance on inequality, especially in developing countries of Africa. This chapter, therefore, provides a detailed empirical analysis of the correlation between microfinance and inequality in West Africa sub-region. The correlation coefficient shows that although there is a positive linear connection between the possibilities of microfinance to reduce inequality; it has not contributed significantly to poverty reduction with the independent variables. The findings further suggest that the most robust explanatory variables for inequality reduction are GDP per capita and democracy which are invariably significant with positive sign. Taken together, these findings reinforce the intuition that greater democracy and provision and expansion of financial infrastructures especially in backward countries of the region are necessary for microfinance to thrive and contribute abundantly to inequality reduction.

scholarly journals The Effect of Urbanization and Economic Performance on Metropolitan Water Consumption: Theoretic Model and Evidence from Guangzhou of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Shaohui Gao ◽  
Yiming He
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the effect of urbanization and economic performance on metropolitan water consumption in Guangzhou of China. We develop social and individual optimal models to reveal the impact of urbanization and economic performance on metropolitan water consumption. Based on aggregated annual data from 1949 to 2014, the empirical results from OLS and ARDL suggest that previous water consumption per capita, urbanization and GDP per capita each play vital roles impacting metropolitan water consumption per capita in Guangzhou.

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