Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Candida Species to Triazole: Application of New CLSI Species-Specific Clinical Breakpoints and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Characterization of Antifungal Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilgün KARABIÇAK ◽  
Nihal ALEM
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Clinical Breakpoints ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Molecular diagnosis and antifungal resistance and biofilm production profiles among Candida species isolated from immunocompromised patients at Menoufia University Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Mabrouk M Ghonaim ◽  
Azza Z. Labeeb ◽  
Alyaa I. Eliwa ◽  
Eman H. Salem
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Vitek 2

Background: Accurate and rapid identification of Candida species is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis due to emergences of drug-resistant strains especially among immunocompromised patients. Objectives: Identification of Candida clinical isolates to the species level using different phenotypic and molecular methods. Biofilm-forming ability and antifungal resistance were also studied. Methodology: Sixty-nine Candida strains were isolated from 220 immunocompromised patients. Identification was performed using chromogenic Candida agar, VITEK 2 system and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biofilm formation was detected by the tube method and antifungal susceptibility was tested using the VITEK2 system. Results: The most common source of Candida isolates was from urine (33.3%) and ICUs (56.6%). VITEK 2 system detected 9 spp.: C. albicans (34.8%), C. tropicalis (21.7%), C. famata (8.7%), C. lusitaniae (7.2%), C. cruzi (7.2%), C. ciferri (5.8%), C. dubliniensis (5.8%), C. parapsilosis (5.8 %) and C. glabrata. Candida isolates showed high resistance to flucytocine (49.3%), and high sensitivity to fluconazole, micafungin, voriconazole and caspofungin (88.4%, 81.2% and 81.2 % respectively). Only 30.4% of all Candida isolates were biofilm producers. There was a positive relationship between antifungal resistance and biofilm formation among Candida isolates. Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant species. Chromogenic Candida agar and VITEK 2 system were valuable tests compared to PCR in speciation of Candida isolates. Antifungal susceptibility was significantly related to biofilm production and its evaluation is important for proper treatment..

scholarly journals A Revised Species Concept for OpportunisticMucorSpecies Reveals Species-Specific Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lysett Wagner ◽  
Sybren de Hoog ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
Kerstin Voigt ◽  
Oliver Kurzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mucor Indicus ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
High Mics

ABSTRACTRecently, the species concept of opportunisticMucor circinelloidesand its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the description of new species. In this study, we used isolates of all clinically relevantMucorspecies and performed susceptibility testing using the EUCAST reference method to identify potential species-specific susceptibility patterns.In vitrosusceptibility profiles of 101 mucoralean strains belonging to the genusMucor(72), the closely related speciesCokeromyces recurvatus(3),Rhizopus(12),Lichtheimia(10), andRhizomucor(4) to six antifungals (amphotericin B, natamycin, terbinafine, isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole) were determined. The most active drug for all Mucorales was amphotericin B. Antifungal susceptibility profiles of pathogenicMucorspecies were specific for isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. The species formerly united inM. circinelloidesshowed clear differences in their antifungal susceptibilities.Cokeromyces recurvatus,Mucor ardhlaengiktus,Mucor lusitanicus(M. circinelloidesf.lusitanicus), andMucor ramosissimusexhibited high MICs to all azoles tested.Mucor indicuspresented high MICs for isavuconazole and posaconazole, andMucor amphibiorumandMucor irregularisshowed high MICs for isavuconazole. MIC values ofMucorspp. for posaconazole, isavuconazole, and itraconazole were high compared to those forRhizopusand the Lichtheimiaceae (LichtheimiaandRhizomucor). Molecular identification combined within vitrosusceptibility testing is recommended forMucorspecies, especially if azoles are applied in treatment.

The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of Candida tropicalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Jonathas Sales de Oliveira ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco ◽  
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro ◽  
José Júlio Costa Sidrim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

Candida tropicalis is a prominent non-Candida albicans Candida species involved in cases of candidemia, mainly causing infections in patients in intensive care units and (or) those presenting neutropenia. In recent years, several studies have reported an increase in the recovery rates of azole-resistant C. tropicalis isolates. Understanding C. tropicalis resistance is of great importance, since resistant strains are implicated in persistent or recurrent and breakthrough infections. In this review, we address the main mechanisms underlying C. tropicalis resistance to the major antifungal classes used to treat candidiasis. The main genetic basis involved in C. tropicalis antifungal resistance is discussed. A better understanding of the epidemiology of resistant strains and the mechanisms involved in C. tropicalis resistance can help improve diagnosis and assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of this Candida species to improve clinical management.

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