Emission Factor of Hazardous Air Pollutants in Gas-phase from Light Commersial Vehicle using PEMS on Real-road Driving

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Lim ◽  
Sang Woo Han ◽  
Jeong Kim ◽  
Young Kee Jang ◽  
Mun Soo Chon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

scholarly journals Estimation of Emission Factors for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Petroleum Refineries

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Elisa Polvara ◽  
Luca Roveda ◽  
Marzio Invernizzi ◽  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Selena Sironi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
The Impact

The hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) group is composed of 187 chemicals that are known to be potentially carcinogenic and dangerous for human health. Due to their toxicological impact, HAPs are an increasingly studied class of compounds. Of the different HAPs sources, refineries are one of the major sources. In order to obtain a preliminary assessment of the impact of a refinery in terms of emissions, a useful instrument is the determination of the emission factor (EF). For this reason, this work, focusing on the USA refining scenario, aims to provide evidence for a generic trend in refinery emissions to evaluate a correlation between the plant size and the amount of its emissions, in particular the HAPs emissions. Based on the analysis of the data collected from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), a general trend in the emissions from refinery plants was established, showing a positive correlation between the HAPs emissions and the refinery size, represented by a value of the Pearson correlation coefficient r close to 1. Once this correlation was highlighted, a purpose of this work became the estimation of an organic HAPs emission factor (EF): from a whole refining plant, the EF of the total organic HAPs is equal to 10 g emitted for each ton of crude oil processed. Moreover, it was also possible to undertake the same evaluation for two specific HAP molecules: benzene and formaldehyde. The benzene and formaldehyde EFs are equal to, respectively, 0.8 g and 0.2 g for each ton of processed crude oil. This work provides a simple rule of thumb for the estimation of hazardous substances emitted from petroleum refineries in their mean operating conditions.

Evaluating hazardous air pollutants in Australia

Toxicology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L Hinwood ◽  
P.N Di Marco
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

Removing NOx Pollution by Photocatalytic Building Materials in Real-Life: Evaluation of Existing Field Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille D. Pedersen ◽  
Nina Lock ◽  
Henrik Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Hazardous Air Pollutants

: The NOx gasses (NO and NO2) are among the most important air pollutants, due to the toxicity of NO2, as well as the role of NOx in the tropospheric oxidation of Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs), contributing to the formation of other hazardous air pollutants. Air pollution is one of the biggest health threats world-wide, hence reducing NOx levels is an important objective of the UN sustainable development goals, e.g. #3, “Good health and well-being” and #11 “Sustainable cities and communities”. Photocatalysis using TiO2 and light is a promising technique for removing NOx along with other pollutants, as demonstrated on laboratory scale. Furthermore, a long range of real-life test studies of varying scales have been conducted during the past two decades. The results of these studies have been conflicting, with some studies reporting no effect on the ambient air quality and others reporting significant reductions of NOx level. However, the studies are very difficult to compare and assess due to the very different approaches used, which consequently vary in quality. In this review, we aim to develop a set of objective evaluation criteria to assess the quality of the individual studies in order to simplify the interpretation and comparison of the existing studies. Moreover, we propose some guidelines for future test-studies. Furthermore, the approaches and main conclusions from 23 studies are independently assessed and discussed herein.

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