scholarly journals Quantified Contribution of High Emitting Vehicles to Emission Inventories for Gasoline Passenger Cars based on Inspection and Maintenance Program Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Woo Lee ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Jong-Tae Lee ◽  
Jeong-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Program Data

Risk Assessment for Small Diameter Piping for Liquid Pipeline Facilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Refaul Ferdous ◽  
Amanda Kulhawy ◽  
Jessica Farrell ◽  
Chris Beaudin ◽  
Anthony Payoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measure ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
System Description ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
Pressure Transmitter ◽  
Integrity Risk ◽  
Main Station ◽  
Pump Stations

The Enbridge Liquids Pipeline system is comprised of a large number of facilities including storage terminals, pump stations, injection sites, and delivery sites. Given the vast amount of small diameter piping (SDP) within company Pipeline facilities, SDP represents a significant portion of total facility integrity risk. An event such as equipment failure or product release can cause significant business impacts, and adverse consequences to the environment and/or safety of operations personnel. A quantitative risk based approach is required in order to establish robust, risk-based plans and programs to maintain the integrity of these SDP sections. Small diameter piping lengths are relatively short. Consequently, it is impractical to use SDP length as a unit of likelihood and risk measure. Instead, the preferred methodology is to determine the total number of assemblies for each type of SDP. In support of this approach, an inventory of SDP sections throughout the system has been gathered. For illustrative purposes, an example of a small diameter section would be a pressure transmitter branch connection. The isolatable section that would be risk assessed would start from the surface of the main station piping connection and continue up to the transmitter. This paper presents the framework for likelihood and consequence assessment of SDP based on the system description above. This framework quantitatively estimates the risk of SDP failure and risk-ranks SDP sections in support of implementing and establishing a system wide Risk Based Inspection and Maintenance program for SDP.

Indiana Subdrainage Experience and Application

1996 ◽  
Vol 1519 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Hossam F. Hassan ◽  
Thomas D. White ◽  
Rebecca McDaniel ◽  
David Andrewski
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Inspection And Maintenance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Pavement Instrumentation

The applications of pavement subdrainage in the state of Indiana are presented. A recent study evaluated pavement subdrainage systems and measured and predicted moisture conditions underneath various types of pavements. Camera systems were used for internal inspection of the edge and geocomposite drains. Pavement instrumentation included moisture blocks, pressure transducers, temperature probes, rain and outflow tipping buckets, and a data acquisition system. Ongoing research using a test site on I-469 at Fort Wayne, Indiana, is aimed at finding the optimum location and layer configuration in flexible pavement; it uses those instruments as well as a TDR system, neutron probes, resistivity probe trees, and an enhanced data acquisition process. The research is a long-term project that will build on the data base of material hydraulic characteristics and performance. Indiana Department of Transportation has formed a committee to address issues related to use of subdrainage. Some of the recommendations from the committee were to abandon geocomposite drains, use bigger concrete protector walls at outlet pipes, and implement a routine inspection and maintenance program for drainage systems.

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