A Detection of Airborne Particles Carrying Viable Bacteria in an Urban Atmosphere of Japan

Kazutaka Hara; Daizhou Zhang; Maromu Yamada; Hiromi Matsusaki; Koji Arizono

doi:10.5572/ajae.2011.5.3.152

Relationship between Viable Bacteria and Air Pollutants in an Urban Atmosphere

AIHAJ ◽

10.1080/0002889738506826 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

ROBERT E. LEE ◽

KATHY HARRIS ◽

GERALD AKLAND

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Urban Atmosphere ◽

Viable Bacteria

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Sequential Extractions and Toxicity Potential of Trace Metals Absorbed into Airborne Particles in an Urban Atmosphere of Southwestern Nigeria

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2018/6852165 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emmanuel Gbenga Olumayede ◽

Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

High Volume ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

Urban Atmosphere ◽

Metal Exposure ◽

Pollution Indices ◽

Sequential Extractions ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Geochemical Fractions ◽

Geochemical Phases

The paper investigates the hypothesis that biotoxicities of trace metals depend not only on the concentration as expressed by the total amount, but also on their geochemical fractions and bioavailability. Airborne particles were collected using SKC Air Check XR 5000 high volume Sampler at a human breathing height of 1.5–2.0 meters, during the dry season months from November 2014 to March 2015 at different locations in Akure (7°10′N and 5°15′E). The geochemical-based sequential extractions were performed on the particles using a series of increasingly stringent solutions selected to extract metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Mn) into four operational geochemical phases—exchangeable, reducible, organic, and residual—and then quantified using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed metals concentration of order Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn > Ni > Cu > Mn. However, most metals in the samples exist in nonmobile fractions: exchangeable (6.43–16.2%), reducible (32.58–47.39%), organic (4.73–9.88%), and residual (18.28–27.53%). The pollution indices show ingestion as the leading route of metal exposure, with noncarcinogenic (HQ) and cancer risk (HI) for humans in the area being higher than 1.0 × 10−4, indicating a health threat.

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Toxic equivalency factors study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Taichung City, Taiwan

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1191/0748233702th151oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 279-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Guor-Cheng Fang ◽

Kuan-Foo Chang ◽

Chungsying Lu ◽

Hsunling Bai

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Temperature Inversion ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

Urban Atmosphere ◽

Carcinogenic Activity ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Central Taiwan ◽

Urban Sites

Airborne particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial, background and urban atmosphere environments were investigated using toxic equivalent factors (TEFs) in central Taiwan during the period of August -December 2002. Concentrations of airborne particles were 93.4, 81.3 and 102.4 mg/m3 for industrial, background and urban sites, respectively. Concentrations of 21 gaseous PAHs were 1530, 759 and 1030 ng/m3 for industrial, background and urban sites, respectively; for carcinogenic activity of gaseous PAHs, the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalent concentrations were 17.0, 7.29 and 12.6 ng/m3 for industrial, background and urban sites, respectively. Twenty-one particle-bound PAHs were only 10% of the 21 gaseous PAHs. Dibenzo(a, h)anthracene (DBA) serves as a surrogate to explain the carcinogenic activity of PAH mixtures in central Taiwan because its carcinogenicity is a high percentage of the total carcinogenic activity. During the sampling period, temperature inversion from a cold front from China occurred, leading to average daily temperatures of 168C. These cold fronts caused atmospheric particles and pollutants to accumulate in the troposphere, leading to extremely high concentrations of airborne particles and both gaseous and particle-bound PAHs in central Taiwan.

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Identifying groups of airborne particles by ordination

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100172012 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 856-857

Author(s):

M. Shlepr ◽

C. M. Vicroy

Keyword(s):

Elemental Analysis ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Spatial Representation ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

Common Source ◽

Data Set ◽

Microelectronics Industry ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Source Materials

The microelectronics industry is heavily tasked with minimizing contaminates at all steps of the manufacturing process. Particles are generated by physical and/or chemical fragmentation from a mothersource. The tools and macrovolumes of chemicals used for processing, the environment surrounding the process, and the circuits themselves are all potential particle sources. A first step in eliminating these contaminants is to identify their source. Elemental analysis of the particles often proves useful toward this goal, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is a commonly used technique. However, the large variety of source materials and process induced changes in the particles often make it difficult to discern if the particles are from a common source.Ordination is commonly used in ecology to understand community relationships. This technique usespair-wise measures of similarity. Separation of the data set is based on discrimination functions. Theend product is a spatial representation of the data with the distance between points equaling the degree of dissimilarity.

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Microbiological analysis of popular spreads used in restaurants inside Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50727 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Tasnia Ahmed ◽

Md Aftab Uddin

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Peanut Butter ◽

Food Additives ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Acceptable Result ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Public Consumption ◽

Viable Bacteria ◽

Almost All

Spreads are used widely for making the fast foods more amazing and tasty. Varieties and cross combinations of ingredients are used to make many flavours of fast foods. Different restaurants prepare their signature spreads for attracting people but this can cause opposite result if not prepared using high quality raw materials and proper hygienic conditions are not maintained. Current study was conducted on ten different types of spreads (pesto, cilantro, queso, tomato sauce, peanut butter, honey, mustard, cream cheese, chocolate sauce and butter) which are used by the local restaurants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Almost all the samples (nine out of ten) harbored total viable bacteria exceeding the standard limit. Four spread samples showed high fungal count (102 cfu/gm). Four samples showed to be positive (˃101/ml recommended acceptable count) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. which indicates that these spread cannot be recommended for public consumption. Among all the samples examined, only chocolate sauce showed acceptable result without the presence of coliforms, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. This finding suggests proper maintenance of sanitation in spread preparation and selling area. A proper guidelines and monitoring can help keep up the quality of food additives. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 16-19

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RESEARCH: Dry Heat Processing of Single-Use Respirators and Surgical Masks

Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology ◽

10.2345/0899-8205-54.6.410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 410-416

Author(s):

Joyce M. Hansen ◽

Scott Weiss ◽

Terra A. Kremer ◽

Myrelis Aguilar ◽

Gerald McDonnell

Keyword(s):

Microbial Contamination ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

High Volume ◽

Airborne Particles ◽

Heat Processing ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Dry Heat ◽

Surgical Masks ◽

Single Use

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has challenged healthcare providers in maintaining the supply of critical personal protective equipment, including single-use respirators and surgical masks. Single-use respirators and surgical masks can reduce risks from the inhalation of airborne particles and microbial contamination. The recent high-volume demand for single-use respirators and surgical masks has resulted in many healthcare facilities considering processing to address critical shortages. The dry heat process of 80°C (176°F) for two hours (120 min) has been confirmed to be an appropriate method for single-use respirator and surgical mask processing.

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