scholarly journals COLUMN TESSELLATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Viola Weiss ◽  
Richard Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
New Class ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Spatial Tessellation ◽  
Spatial Construction ◽  
Base Facet ◽  
Stationary Planar ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

A new class of non facet-to-facet random tessellations in three-dimensional space is introduced -- the so-called column tessellations. The spatial construction is based on a stationary planar tessellation; each cell of the spatial tessellation is a prism whose base facet is  congruent to a cell of the planar tessellation. Thus intensities, topological and metric mean values of the spatial tessellation can be calculated from suitably chosen parameters of the planar tessellation.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Intra- and Interspecies Variability of Single-Cell Innate Fluorescence Signature of Microbial Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Yawata ◽  
Tatsunori Kiyokawa ◽  
Yuhki Kawamura ◽  
Tomohiro Hirayama ◽  
Kyosuke Takabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

ABSTRACT Here we analyzed the innate fluorescence signature of the single microbial cell, within both clonal and mixed populations of microorganisms. We found that even very similarly shaped cells differ noticeably in their autofluorescence features and that the innate fluorescence signatures change dynamically with growth phases. We demonstrated that machine learning models can be trained with a data set of single-cell innate fluorescence signatures to annotate cells according to their phenotypes and physiological status, for example, distinguishing a wild-type Aspergillus nidulans cell from its nitrogen metabolism mutant counterpart and log-phase cells from stationary-phase cells of Pseudomonas putida. We developed a minimally invasive method (confocal reflection microscopy-assisted single-cell innate fluorescence [CRIF] analysis) to optically extract and catalog the innate cellular fluorescence signatures of each of the individual live microbial cells in a three-dimensional space. This technique represents a step forward from traditional techniques which analyze the innate fluorescence signatures at the population level and necessitate a clonal culture. Since the fluorescence signature is an innate property of a cell, our technique allows the prediction of the types or physiological status of intact and tag-free single cells, within a cell population distributed in a three-dimensional space. Our study presents a blueprint for a streamlined cell analysis where one can directly assess the potential phenotype of each single cell in a heterogenous population by its autofluorescence signature under a microscope, without cell tagging. IMPORTANCE A cell’s innate fluorescence signature is an assemblage of fluorescence signals emitted by diverse biomolecules within a cell. It is known that the innate fluoresce signature reflects various cellular properties and physiological statuses; thus, they can serve as a rich source of information in cell characterization as well as cell identification. However, conventional techniques focus on the analysis of the innate fluorescence signatures at the population level but not at the single-cell level and thus necessitate a clonal culture. In the present study, we developed a technique to analyze the innate fluorescence signature of a single microbial cell. Using this novel method, we found that even very similarly shaped cells differ noticeably in their autofluorescence features, and the innate fluorescence signature changes dynamically with growth phases. We also demonstrated that the different cell types can be classified accurately within a mixed population under a microscope at the resolution of a single cell, depending solely on the innate fluorescence signature information. We suggest that single-cell autofluoresce signature analysis is a promising tool to directly assess the taxonomic or physiological heterogeneity within a microbial population, without cell tagging.

On the Geometry of 3D Orientation Measurement Using a New Class of Wireless Angular Position Sensors

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. J. Ge ◽  
J. Rastegar ◽  
Carlos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Orientation Measurement ◽  
New Class ◽  
Orientation Sensor ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

This paper deals with the geometric issues that arise in designing a system for measuring the orientation of an object in three dimensional space using a new class of wireless angular position sensors. The wireless sensors are waveguides that receive and record the electromagnetic energy emitted by a polarized RF source. The angular position of the waveguide relative to the source is indicated by the energy level. A system equipped with multiple waveguides is used as a 3D orientation sensor. This paper explores the geometry for orientation measurement using the system and provides the guidelines for sensor design.

A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Morimoto ◽  
Yasuhiro Fukuda ◽  
Takumu Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Kuroda ◽  
Kouhei Tsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomolecular Recognition ◽  
Biological Application ◽  
New Class ◽  
Proteolytic Resistance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Optically Pure ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<div> <div> <div> <p>“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Local R-Functional Modelling (LRFM)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Tolok ◽  
Nataliya Tolok
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sequential Algorithm ◽  
Multidimensional Case ◽  
Analytical Geometry ◽  
New Class ◽  
Functional Modelling ◽  
2D System ◽  
Voxel Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

A new class of functions - "FLOZ- functions" (Functions of LOcal Zeroing out), which makes it possible to form the zero domain of a scalar-valued multidimensional function of complex configuration by means of R-functional modelling is considered. We represent the solution of the inverse problem of analytical geometry for a non-convex contour construction obtained by V.L. Rvachev’s mathematical apparatus of R-functions. The problems of constructing an algorithm for automation the proposed by V.L. Rvachev solutions are described. Presented arguments show the complexity of constructing an algorithm based on recursive attachment. The functional voxel model was created in the RANOK 2D system. An approach to the function of local zeroing out (FLOZ-function) construction for the general (multidimensional) case is described. A two-dimensional function of local zeroing out is selected for solving the problem of a non-convex contour constructing. It is shown that the function of local zeroing out allows to create the sequential algorithm of automation the non-convex contour construction. Examples of automation the considered problems of V.L. Rvachev to the non- convex contour construction are given. The function of local zeroing out for three-dimensional space (3D FLOZ-function) is considered. An example of functional voxel modelling of a 3D sphere model based on a triangulated network consisted of 80 triangles is given.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

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