scholarly journals Forest disease records on eastern white pine in Atlantic Canada: 1950 to 1996

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Forest Health ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Forest Disease ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Health Database

Between 1936 and 1996, the Forest Insect and Disease Survey (FIDS) of the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada surveyed eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) throughout Atlantic Canada. During those years, FIDS reported its insect and disease findings in a wide variety of regional and national reports and in the scientific literature. The National Forest Health Database contains these electronic records and indicates the distribution and relative importance of forest diseases and fungi for many tree species in Atlantic Canada. This paper is a frequency analysis of the fungal diseases recorded from the Atlantic provinces in the National Forest Health Database and reported in the various Maritime, Newfoundland and national FIDS reports. The significant eastern white pine diseases (e.g., white pine blister rust – Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) that are established in Atlantic Canada as well as other diseases that are found elsewhere in Canada, but not yet in the Atlantic provinces are discussed. Occurrence data for 40 of the less frequently collected fungal species are presented in a summary table. Key words: white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, Scleroderris canker, Gremmeniella abietina, Annosus root rot, Heterobasidion annosum, white pine root decline, Leptographium procerum, needle cast, Lophodermium pinastri, brown felt fungus, Septobasidium pinicola, Atlantic Canada, forest disease

scholarly journals Histology of White Pine Blister Rust in Needles of Resistant and Susceptible Eastern White Pine

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Jurgens ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
Paul J. Zambino ◽  
Andrew David
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
National Forest ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Blister Rust

White pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, has plagued the forests of North America for almost a century. Over past decades, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) that appear to tolerate the disease have been selected and incorporated into breeding programs. Seeds from P. strobus with putative resistance were collected from Oconto River Seed Orchard, Nicolet National Forest, WI. Seedlings were grown for 5 months and artificially inoculated with basidiospores of C. ribicola in two replicated greenhouse experiments. Needles from infected seedlings were fixed, sectioned, and stained with a variety of histological reagents, and rate of mortality for the remaining seedlings was monitored. The most susceptible families suffered 50% mortality in approximately half the time of the more resistant families. Extensive inter- and intracellular hyphae were observed in needles from seedlings of susceptible families, whereas hyphal proliferation was restricted in needles of resistant seedlings. Needles from resistant families had pronounced responses to infection. Phenolics, observed with phloroglucinol-HCl staining, were deposited around infection sites where dense mycelial masses were present. Abnormal host cell growth and rapid cell death in the immediate area of infection were also observed in some eastern white pine families.

Breeding eastern white pine for blister rust resistance: A review of progress in Ontario

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Darren Derbowka
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

White pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) is a primary cause of poor survival and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) and has contributed to the species’ decline across its range. Genetic resistance to C. ribicola is generally weak in eastern white pine, possibly owing to the absence of meaningful resistance alleles. Integrating major resistance genes from Eurasian 5-needle pine species to P. strobus has been demonstrated to be effective through traditional plant breeding approaches. This paper provides a review of progress after more than half a century of breeding and testing in Ontario. Key words: Pinus strobus, white pine blister rust, genetic resistance, interspecific hybridization

Improving the resistance of eastern white pine to white pine blister rust disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Pike ◽  
Paul Berrang ◽  
Scott Rogers ◽  
Andy David ◽  
Carrie Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Blister Rust

scholarly journals Growth and Injury Patterns of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) Seedlings as Affected by Hardwood Overstory Density and Weeding Treatments

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome A. Krueger ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Abstract White pine seedlings were underplanted under a range of overstory densities in a hardwood stand in northern Minnesota. Vegetation surrounding seedlings was left untreated (control), weeded annually, or completely removed through monthly weeding. After 4 years, the benefit of weeding woody competition for diameter growth of seedlings was limited to areas with relatively open overstory conditions. Seedling height growth was reduced in areas with higher overstory density, but improved through weeding treatments that removed woody vegetation. The removal of herbaceous vegetation did not improve growth of seedlings in any conditions. Open growing conditions created by overstory removal and weed control resulted in higher incidences of seedling injuries, e.g., through infection by white pine blister rust. Conditions for pine bark adelgids also were enhanced in areas with low overstory densities and weeding treatments. The incidence for white pine weevil seems to follow a similar pattern, although the number of trees infected was minimal. Results show that improving growing conditions through management of the overstory and understory vegetation improves seedling growth rates, but must be balanced with potentially higher incidences of seedling injuries under more open conditions.

scholarly journals Epicuticular Wax and White Pine Blister Rust Resistance in Resistant and Susceptible Selections of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Smith ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
Todd A. Burnes ◽  
Jeffrey H. Gillman ◽  
Andrew J. David
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine

Epicuticular wax on needles was evaluated for its influence on Cronartium ribicola infection of resistant and susceptible selections of Pinus strobus. Environmental scanning electron microscopy comparisons revealed that needles from a resistant selection of eastern white pine, P327, had a significantly higher percentage of stomata that were occluded with wax, fewer basidiospores germinating at 48 h after inoculation, and fewer germ tubes penetrating stomata than needles from a susceptible selection H111. In addition, needles from seedlings that failed to develop symptoms 6 weeks after inoculation, from a cross between P327 and susceptible parent H109, had a significantly higher percentage of stomata occluded with wax compared with needles from seedlings that developed symptoms. In experiments where epicuticular waxes were removed from needles before seedlings were infected, resistant seedlings without wax developed approximately the same number of infection spots (as measured by spot index) as susceptible seedlings with wax intact. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry comparisons of extracted epicuticular waxes revealed several peaks that were specific to P327 and not found in susceptible H111 suggesting biochemical differences in wax composition. These results implicate the role of epicuticular waxes as a resistance mechanism in P. strobus selection P327 and suggest a role for waxes in reducing spore germination and subsequent infection through stomatal openings.

White Pine Blister Rust in the Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Robbins ◽  
William A. Jackson ◽  
Ronald E. McRoberts
Keyword(s):  
National Forest ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Upper Peninsula Of Michigan ◽  
Hiawatha National Forest

Abstract Incidence of blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, found during a survey of eastern white pines on the Hiawatha National Forest in the eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan was unexpectedly low: only 6.8% of all plots had one or more infected white pine and 1 5% of all white pines surveyed had blister rust. North. J. Appl. For. 5:263-264, December 1988.

scholarly journals Restoration of White Pine in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Ostry
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Active Management ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Lake States ◽  
The Impact

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) (WPBR) was discovered on Ribes L. in New York in 1906, although it was accidentally introduced from Europe on pine (Pinus L.) seedlings. The spread of this destructive fungus has changed the forests in North America. After decades of reduced planting because of the concern over the impact of WPBR, white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is now being restored in the lake states of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. Although the potential for growing white pine is high on many sites, the disappearance of a seed source because of logging and fires means that reestablishment of white pine to these areas will require active management. A series of plantings have been established on three national forests in Minnesota and Michigan to evaluate various silvicultural treatments intended to minimize the incidence of WPBR and to compare the performance of seedlings selected for disease resistance to nonselected planting stock.

scholarly journals White Pine Blister Rust in Vermont: Past, Present, and Concerns for the Future

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Bergdahl ◽  
H.B. Teillon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Mass Collection

White pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer) has been present in Vermont and other northeastern states since the early 1900s. The fungus is commonly observed on currants and gooseberries (Ribes L.) every year, but incidence varies on eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Our general impression has been that Vermont has had a relatively low level of infection on eastern white pines; however, we recently found rust incidence in Christmas tree plantings in northern Vermont to range from 10 to 42% (average 20%) based on 721 trees surveyed. Also, in pole-sized stands in southern Vermont, incidence ranged from 12 to 46% (average 32%) and 76% of these trees had main stem infections. In the southern survey, 98% of wild ribes plants had varied amounts of both urediniospores and teliospores. These preliminary survey data suggest that incidence of WPBR may be more significant than previously thought and therefore, additional survey work is needed. We screened cultivars of Ribes for susceptibility to WPBR. Eighteen cultivars were inoculated in the field with a mass collection of aeciospores of C. ribicola. The percentages of leaf area infected ranged from 0 to 49 for the urediniospore stage and from 0 to 55 for teliospores. The gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) `Welcome' had the highest percentage of leaf area with urediniospores, while black currants (R. nigrum L.) `Coronet,' `Consort,' and `Crusader' had no visible infection. Presently, Vermont has no WPBR regulations. However, previous federal laws did restrict black currant cultivation. Little is known about the genetic diversity of WPBR or its potential for change. Caution must be used when considering any cultivation of Ribes for the purpose of producing fruit because our valued white pine resources could be negatively impacted.

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