scholarly journals Indicators to assess biological diversity: Weyerhaeuser's coastal British Columbia forest project

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Kremsater ◽  
Fred Bunnell ◽  
Dave Huggard ◽  
Glen Dunsworth
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Transfer Energy ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Biological Richness

Adaptive management is a key component of a forest project being implemented across all of Weyerhaeuser's coastal forest tenures. This project uses two main tools to accomplish the British Columbia (BC) Coastal Group's ecological and socio-economic goals: variable retention (VR) harvesting and broad zoning of the land base. The adaptive management program was designed to examine the effectiveness of retention systems and zoning in maintaining those forest attributes necessary to sustain biological richness and essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient transfer, energy flow, decomposition, and dispersal of seeds, spores, and animals. The program is grounded on three biological indicators evaluated in both operational and experimental contexts: 1) representation of habitat types in a relatively unmanaged state to ensure that little-known species are retained; 2) structure of stands and landscapes to ensure that key elements are present through time; and 3) indicator organisms to track whether retaining structures and patterns, while addressing representation, will maintain species and populations whose life needs are well understood. Representation of ecosystems in unmanaged conditions has been examined. Habitat structure is being assessed in VR blocks and in unmanaged blocks. Studies on several organisms (breeding birds, owls, gastropods, amphibians, bryophytes, lichen, squirrels, mycorrhizae, and carabid beetles) have been underway for various lengths of time. These studies collected baseline information to begin comparisons of the effectiveness of the various types of VR for maintaining biological richness. The current focus in the adaptive management program is refining the lists of specific elements to monitor and beginning to create tools to help extrapolate relationships and findings over large areas and long time frames, with the expectation of operational implementation in 2003. The first two years of pilot work are also being used to examine how the results will link to management practices to strengthen areas that most need improvement. This paper describes three indicators used in Weyerhaeuser's adaptive management program. Key words: adaptive management, variable retention harvesting, indicators for monitoring forests

scholarly journals Maintaining attributes of old-growth forests in coastal B.C. through variable retention

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Beese ◽  
B G Dunsworth ◽  
K. Zielke ◽  
B. Bancroft
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Old Growth Forests

Variable retention is a new approach to harvesting and silvicultural systems that was developed by ecologists in the Pacific Northwest region of North America to address a wide array of forest management goals. Variable retention recognizes that natural disturbances, such as fire, wind or disease, nearly always leave some standing structure from the original forest. This structural complexity plays an important role in forest ecosystem function and biological diversity. A new "retention silvicultural system" was defined that leaves trees distributed throughout harvested areas. This system facilitates retention of structural features of old-growth forests, such as live and dead trees of varying sizes, multiple canopy layers, and coarse woody debris. Weyerhaeuser's British Columbia Coastal Group will use the variable retention approach for all harvesting by 2003. More than 75% of the company's coastal harvesting in British Columbia used variable retention in 2001. Company guidelines describe the amount, type, and spatial distribution of retention for groups and individual trees. An adaptive management program is monitoring the amount and type of structural attributes retained in relation to the original forest. Key words: old-growth forests, variable retention, silvicultural systems, biodiversity, landscape zoning

Making adaptive management for biodiversity work — the example of Weyerhaeuser in coastal British Columbia

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L Bunnell ◽  
B G Dunsworth
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Biodiversity Indicators ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

In 1998, MacMillan Bloedel (now Weyerhaeuser) committed to a system of Stewardship Zones and to replacing clearcutting with variable retention over its 1.1 million ha coastal tenure. The decision began a grand experiment in forest planning and practice, which the company committed to monitor and refine through an adaptive management program. The program was most challenging to design and implement for biodiversity. Key elements of the program were: creating a criterion and associated indicators, developing a list of focused questions, and developing a cost-effective design for monitoring and learning. The final step in any adaptive management program is linking the monitoring back to specific management actions. We provide examples of successful linkages back for each of the three major indicators of biodiversity: ecosystem representation, habitat structure, and organisms. We discuss major difficulties that arise when developing management responses to the complex issue of sustaining biological diversity and note four major challenges to the design and implementation of any adaptive management program. Key words: adaptive management, biodiversity, indicators, monitoring, variable retention harvesting

Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar ◽  
Daniel Karthe ◽  
Hoduck Kang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Driven System ◽  
The Status

The natural conditions, climate change and socio-economic challenges related to the transformation from a socialistic society towards a market-driven system make the implementation of sustainable land management practices in Mongolia especially complicated. Forests play an important role in land management. In addition to providing resources and ecosystem functions, Mongolian forests protect against land degradation.We conducted a literature review of the status of forest management in Mongolia and lessons learned, with special consideration to halting deforestation and degradation. We grouped our review into seven challenges relevant to developing regionally adapted forest management systems that both safeguard forest health and consider socio-economic needs. In our review, we found that current forest management in Mongolia is not always sustainable, and that some practices lack scientific grounding. An overwhelming number of sources noticed a decrease in forest area and quality during the last decades, although afforestation initiatives are reported to have increased. We found that they have had, with few exceptions, only limited success. During our review, however, we found a number of case studies that presented or proposed promising approaches to (re-)establishing and managing forests. These studies are further supported by a body of literature that examines how forest administration, and local participation can be modified to better support sustainable forestry. Based on our review, we conclude that it is necessary to integrate capacity development and forest research into holistic initiatives. A special focus should be given to the linkages between vegetation cover and the hydrological regime.

Strategies to improve implementation of adaptive management practices for restoration in coastal Louisiana

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Tim Carruthers ◽  
Richard Raynie ◽  
Alyssa Dausman ◽  
Syed Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Restoration ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Coastal Louisiana ◽  
Restoration Effort

Natural resources of coastal Louisiana support the economies of Louisiana and the whole of the United States. However, future conditions of coastal Louisiana are highly uncertain due to the dynamic processes of the Mississippi River delta, unpredictable storm events, subsidence, sea level rise, increasing temperatures, and extensive historic management actions that have altered natural coastal processes. To address these concerns, a centralized state agency was formed to coordinate coastal protection and restoration effort, the Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA). This promoted knowledge centralization and supported informal adaptive management for restoration efforts, at that time mostly funded through the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA). Since the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in 2010 and the subsequent settlement, the majority of restoration funding for the next 15 years will come through one of the DWH mechanisms; Natural Resource and Damage Assessment (NRDA), the RESTORE Council, or National Fish and Wildlife Foundation –Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund (NFWF-GEBF). This has greatly increased restoration effort and increased governance complexity associated with project funding, implementation, and reporting. As a result, there is enhanced impetus to formalize and unify adaptive management processes for coastal restoration in Louisiana. Through synthesis of input from local coastal managers, historical and current processes for project and programmatic implementation and adaptive management were summarized. Key gaps and needs to specifically increase implementation of adaptive management within the Louisiana coastal restoration community were identified and developed into eight tangible and specific recommendations. These were to streamline governance through increased coordination amongst implementing entities, develop a discoverable and practical lessons learned and decision database, coordinate ecosystem reporting, identify commonality of restoration goals, develop a common cross-agency adaptive management handbook for all personnel, improve communication (both in-reach and outreach), have a common repository and clearing house for numerical models used for restoration planning and assessment, and expand approaches for two-way stakeholder engagement throughout the restoration process. A common vision and maximizing synergies between entities can improve adaptive management implementation to maximize ecosystem and community benefits of restoration effort in coastal Louisiana. This work adds to current knowledge by providing specific strategies and recommendations, based upon extensive engagement with restoration practitioners from multiple state and federal agencies. Addressing these practitioner-identified gaps and needs will improve engagement in adaptive management in coastal Louisiana, a large geographic area with high restoration implementation within a complex governance framework.

scholarly journals Resilience and Adaptation: Yukon River Watershed Contaminant Risk Indicators

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lawrence Duffy ◽  
La’Ona De Wilde ◽  
Katie Spellman ◽  
Kriya Dunlap ◽  
Bonita Dainowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Vulnerability Indicators ◽  
History Of

River watersheds are among the most complex terrestrial features in Alaska, performing valuable ecosystem functions and providing services for human society. Rivers are vital to both estuarine and aquatic biota and play important roles in biogeochemical cycles and physical processes. The functions of watersheds have been used as vulnerability indicators for ecosystem and socioeconomic resilience. Despite a long history of human activity, the Yukon River has not received the holistic and interdisciplinary attention given to the other great American river systems. By using hypothesis-based monitoring of key watershed functions, we can gain insight to regime-shifting stresses such as fire, toxins, and invasive species development. Coupling adaptive risk management practices involving stakeholders with place-based education, especially contaminants and nutrition related, can maintain resilience within communities. The Yukon watershed provides a broadscale opportunity for communities to monitor the environment, manage resources, and contribute to stewardship policy formation. Monitoring keystone species and community activities, such as citizen science, are critical first steps to following changes to resiliency throughout the Yukon watershed. Creating a policy environment that encourages local experimentation and innovation contributes to resilience maintenance during development-imposed stress.

scholarly journals Türkiye’de Biyolojik Çeşitliliği Tehdit Eden Biyo-Kaçakçılık

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Orhan Kurt ◽  
Nurya Çelik ◽  
Merve Göre ◽  
Haydar Kurt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Ecological Differences ◽  
Biological Richness

Turkey; as a result of its geographical, topographic and ecological differences, Turkey has a very rich biological diversity. Turkey is a biological attraction and a rich reservoir of biological material due to the biological richness of the property poses. The collection and removal of biological diversity without the permission of competent authorities is called bio-smuggling. Unfortunately, despite all the measures taken, our biodiversity, which has been used by many sectors, has been and continues to be bio-smuggled. We need to have peace of mind and freshness in delivering our biological diversity to future generations safely. For this purpose; i) social awareness, ii) training of expert staff, iii) legal arrangements at the highest level, iv) ensuring national and international coordination and cooperation and keeping alive, v) sufficient support to studies that have the potential to serve the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity It should be given. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of Turkey’s biodiversity, bio-smuggling causing the decline of biodiversity by drawing attention focusing on Turkey, and to contribute to the prevention of bio-smuggling in Turkey. Therefore, in this article; bio-smuggling issue has assessed the scale of Turkey, the bio-smuggling in Turkey in recent years has been presented with the current sample and bio-trafficking is considered measures to be taken to prevent more effectively.

scholarly journals АДАПТИВНИЙ МОНІТОРИНГ СТРАТЕГІЙ ФОРМУВАННЯ АНТИКРИЗОВОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Сергій Олегович Ареф’єв
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Local Case ◽  
Adaptive Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range

The paper covers the current issues of counteraction to constantly arising crisis phenomena in the process of using the enterprise potential. For about 15 years the efforts to comply with legislation have been steadily rising, and more and more emphasis is paid to various aspects of corporate social responsibility. There is a wide range of activities, such as increasing employee awareness, creating a management system to prevent abrupt changeover, a solid corporate structure and timely disclosure of information, as well as managing the organization as an integration of its potentials. Adaptive monitoring is viewed as a critical component in finding and controlling the reserves for further utilization of enterprise resources in the context of developing its long-term strategies. Building the subsystems for change management strategies can form the basis for creating anti-crisis potential. However, there is another barrier to the process of adaptation which is a vulnerable internal environment. Apparently, the goals of the chosen strategies in each of the business areas are not always announced, and this can increase the entropy level within the enterprise, creating threats and hazards that give rise to crisis phenomena. From a dynamic perception, adaptive management concept involves the construction of a decomposition of its possible implementation scenarios subject to the type of threats to enterprise performance and characteristics of its potentials. The search for the development models that can retain the enterprise resources is a fundamental challenge for its operation in the future. It is about facilitating the transition from product economy to the system economy, from a dissipative approach to resources to an adaptive management practices, to a cultural leap towards economic and environmental sustainability that should affect the entire society, from strengthening of the territory and cooperation among all stakeholders to gain the resource utilization efficiency beyond renewable energy, starting with raw materials and local waste management to create an integrated technology network and from a number of integrated technologies, from deindustrialized territories reconstruction towards new relationships between agriculture, industry and academia, conducting local case studies to test the effects of innovations, thus boosting the process of transforming the research results into new pilot projects.

CONSIDERATIONS OF TALENT MANAGEMENT IN RETENTION OF ACADEMICS IN THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LESOTHO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theressa Madzingesu Zengeya ◽  
◽  
Gregory Alexander ◽  
Desiree Pearl Larey ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
National University ◽  
The University

The aim of the study was to examine the contribution of talent management practices at the National University of Lesotho in the retention of talented academics. The university has immense competition within the local, regional and international labour market. It isthreatened by high mobility and low retention of highly qualified staff, which has affected the quality of learning, especially postgraduate programmes. The study employed Bourdieu’s social theory and Adam’s theory of equity as a theoretical lens to understand talent management practices to retain talented academics. Bourdieu’s theory was used to offer insight on the various forms of capital, and how the capitals could be instrumental in the design and implementation of talent management practices in order to increase retention of talent in universities. In this study ‘talent’ is used to refer to holders of doctorates, associate professors and professors or researchers of new information and theories and inventors of new technology with great potential to make a significant impact on the university’s productivity. A literature review was undertaken to examine how the social theory of Bourdieu, particularly the conversion of different kinds of capital (symbolic capital) are used by the university to recognise the value of talented academics in order to retain these academics. Following a qualitative methodology and purposive sampling, data was generated through semi-structured interviews and document analysis to advance a critical and interpretive understanding of the perspectives of talent management from both management and talented academics in the university. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise the data. The data from fourteen (14) participants composed of management and academics revealed that, though the university is implementing talent management practices, it does not have an official and structured talent management program, which is imperative in retaining academics. This study concludes by advocating the design and implementation of a formal, contextual and structured talent management framework, in consultation with all key stakeholders, in order to increase retention of talent academics in the National University of Lesotho.

Economics of the Biodiversity Convention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Aichi Targets ◽  
Conservation Costs ◽  
Sixth Mass Extinction ◽  
The World ◽  
Biodiversity Convention

Biological diversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, in all its forms and interactions. Biological diversity, or biodiversity for short, is being lost at an unprecedented rate. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species estimates that 25% of mammals, 41% of amphibians, 33% of reef building corals, and 13% of birds are threatened with extinction. These biodiversity benefits are being lost due to conversion of natural habitat, overharvesting, pollution, invasive species, and climate change. The loss of biodiversity is important because it provides many critical resources, services, and ecosystem functions, such as foods, medicines, clean air, and storm protection. Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse pose a major risk to human societies and economic welfare. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was established in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio “Earth Summit”) and enacted in 1993. The international treaty aims to conserve biodiversity and ensure the sustainable use of the components of biodiversity and the equitable sharing of the benefits derived from the use of genetic resources. The CBD has near universal global participation with 196 parties signatory to the treaty. The non-legally binding commitments established in 2010 by the CBD are known as the Aichi Targets. They include the goal of conserving at least 17% of terrestrial and inland water habitats and 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. Biodiversity continues to decline at an unprecedented rate and the world faces “biological annihilation” and a sixth mass extinction event. There are several underlying causes of the continuing loss of biodiversity that need to be addressed. First, the CBD Aichi Targets are not ambitious enough and should be extended to protect as much as 50% of the terrestrial realm for biodiversity. Second, it is difficult to place an economic value on the range of direct, indirect, and nonuse values of biodiversity. The failure to take into account the full economic value of biodiversity in prices, projects, and policy decisions means that biodiversity is often misused and overused. Third, biodiversity is a global public good and displays nonrival and nonexcludable characteristics. Because of this, it is difficult to raise sufficient funds for conservation and to channel these funds to cover local conservation costs. In particular, much of the world’s biodiversity is located in (mainly tropical) developing countries, and they do not have the incentive or the funds to spend the money to “save” enough biodiversity on behalf of the rest of the world. The funding for global biodiversity conservation is $4–$10 billion annually, whereas around $100 billion a year is needed to protect the Earth’s broad range of animal and plant species. This funding gap undermines CBD’s conservation efforts. Governments and international organizations have been unable to raise the investments needed to reverse the decline in biological populations and habitats on land and in oceans. There is an important role for private-sector involvement in the CBD to endorse efforts for more sustainable use of biodiversity and to contribute funds to finance conservation and habitat protection efforts.

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