scholarly journals Forestry on fans: a problem analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wilford ◽  
Matt Sakals ◽  
John Innes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Debris Floods

Forested fans are often crossed by roads and their high-volume stands are attractive for harvesting. Gentle slopes of fans belie the fact that hydrogeomorphic hazards can be present. Fans can be the run out zones for debris flows and they can be subject to floods and debris floods. This study assessed the effect of natural hydrogeomorphic processes on forest practices that were undertaken on 55 fans in west central British Columbia. Forest practices aggravated these processes on 41 (74%) fans, leading to increased erosion and destabilization of fan surfaces and stream channels. Identification of hydrogeomorphic hazards is needed to avoid the adverse effects of forestry practices on fans. Key words: forested fans, forestry on fans, hydrogeomorphic processes, forest practices on fans, forest practices

Remedial measures for debris flows at the Agassiz Mountain Institution, British Columbia

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Martin ◽  
D. R. Piteau ◽  
R. A. Pearce ◽  
P. M. Hawley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Stream Channel ◽  
Correctional Services ◽  
South Slope ◽  
Rock Anchors

On the evening of January 23, 1982 a debris flow having an estimated volume of 11 000 m3 occurred in a stream channel on the south slope of Mount Agassiz adjacent to the Mountain Institution of the Correctional Services of Canada. The debris flow was one of many that have contributed to the formation of a large debris fan at the base of the mountain. Debris flows, large rockfalls, and other events can be expected to occur intermittently as part of the ongoing natural erosional processes in steep mountainous terrain.The paper describes the site investigation and analyses carried out and the design and construction of remedial measures to control future debris flows and rockfalls. Remedial measures consisted of improvement of stability of two large rockfall blocks in the debris flow channel using grouted dowels. In addition, two berms and a containment basin were constructed on the debris fan to control future debris flows and rockfalls. Key words: debris flows, debris fan, rockfalls, rock anchors, dowels, containment basin, deflection berm.

scholarly journals Policy advice for public participation in British Columbia forest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tyler DesRoches
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Policy Level

This paper explores the current status of public participation in BC forest management with the objective of finding ways to improve it at the policy level. Public participation is discussed in relation to features of deliberative democratic theory and then within the historical context of BC forest management. Recent public complaints concerning inadequate participatory opportunities received at the Forest Practices Board and the move to diminish the extent of public participation in land-use planning is discussed. This paper maintains that effective public participation should be a goal of public forest management and that a corresponding policy should be devised. Key words: public participation, forest management, legitimacy, British Columbia

Post-wildfire debris flows in southern British Columbia, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jordan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Wildfire Season ◽  
Spring Snowmelt ◽  
Debris Floods

Several post-wildfire debris flows and other landslides occurred after the extreme wildfire season of 2003 in the southern interior of British Columbia. Such events had not been previously reported in Canada, although they are common in lower latitudes. Severe wildfire seasons also were experienced in 2007 and 2009, and additional events were observed in four fires. Post-wildfire landslides have occurred in spring, summer and fall (autumn); events have been triggered by spring snowmelt, high-intensity summer rainstorms and low-intensity fall rainstorms. Of a total of 36 documented events, 23 were debris flows, and the most common initiating mechanism was high peak flow in channels. Most sediment in these events was derived from the channels, not from erosion in burned areas. Seven of the events were infiltration-triggered debris slides, and six events were debris floods. A variety of hydrologic changes can contribute to the prevalence of post-wildfire landslides and floods, including an increase in snowmelt rate. High-severity burn in catchment headwaters above steep channels is a topographic factor favouring debris flow occurrence. These observations demonstrate that the likelihood of debris flows and other mass-movement events in susceptible terrain is significantly increased following severe wildfire in this snow-dominated environment.

The Watershed Restoration Program of British Columbia: Accelerating Natural Recovery Processes

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Slaney ◽  
A. D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Watershed Restoration ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Riparian Trees ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Watershed Processes

Abstract Until recently, in British Columbia, there was no mechanism to ensure the rehabilitation of resource values adversely impacted by logging-induced landslides, erosion from logging roads, and harvesting of mature riparian trees to the stream-bank. In 1994, the Watershed Restoration Program was initiated under the province’s Forest Renewal Plan to provide an opportunity for diverse stakeholder partnerships to accelerate the recovery of watersheds impacted by logging practices of the past. Several decades of research on watershed processes, limitations to salmonid production in streams and rehabilitation techniques, combined with provincial training initiatives, provide the technical basis for application of a set of integrated restorative measures linked to the new Forest Practices Code. As first priority, the conditions of roads, slopes, gullies, riparian areas, stream channels and fish habitat are assessed. Roads are storm proofed by either reestablishing natural drainage patterns or by deactivation. Hillslope scars are revege-tated with grasses, shrubs and trees to control erosion, thus increasing fish stock productivity, while also improving water quality, forest regeneration and biodiversity. Riparian silvicultural treatments eventually (one to two centuries) restore recruitment of large coniferous woody debris to stream channels and restabilize streambanks. Large wood, boulder clusters and other structural elements that emulate nature are installed in stable stream channels to restore summer habitat and critical overwintering refuges in streams, thus rehabilitating and maintaining fish habitat until logged riparian areas naturally supply mature windfalls. Restoring of fish access and replenishing of nutrients for the food chain are also provided where assessed as beneficial to the functional recovery process. Rehabilitation of off-channel fish habitat, including creation of channel-pond complexes, is one of the primary techniques to offset habitat degradation in hydrologically unstable or non-functional stream channels within logged flood-plains. The program provides an opportunity for innovation and evaluation, as well as a challenge to cost-effectively implement rehabilitation on a sufficient scale to accelerate the recovery of watershed processes to the benefit of fisheries, aquatic and forest resource values in British Columbia’s forested watersheds.

scholarly journals Historical Landslide Fatalities in British Columbia, Canada: Trends and Implications for Risk Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Strouth ◽  
Scott McDougall
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Other World ◽  
Debris Floods

According to a Canadian government database, landslides are the most common type of disaster that occurs in the province of British Columbia. Recently there has been a trend in British Columbia toward using quantitative risk assessments to estimate life-loss risk at landslide hazard sites, and to compare these estimates with risk tolerance thresholds to determine the necessity for, and extent of, risk management measures. These risk estimates are most often calibrated by so-called ‘expert judgment’ because historical landslide fatality data are not readily available. This article addresses this gap by summarizing available historical data to better inform expert judgment. It shows that fatalities caused by landslides in British Columbia are rare (approximately one fatality per year in the last decade) and have decreased with time despite rapid population growth. Approximately half of these fatalities in the last decade are related to debris flows and debris floods that impact houses, whereas the other half are related to rockfalls, debris flows, and debris floods that impact highways. A comparison with other hazard types in the Canadian government’s disaster database suggests that, while not particularly deadly, landslides are still important because of the economic damage and service disruptions they cause. Although the data are specific to British Columbia, the methods for identifying and presenting landslide risk trends could be modified and adopted in other world regions where landslide fatality data are collected and quantitative risk management methods are utilized.

Production of uredinia and telia by stalactiform blister rust in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Do So

Records of uredinia and telia production on the alternate hosts of Cronartium coleosporioides in British Columbia and inoculation of Castilleja miniata with aeciospores collected from various locations showed that rust isolates from dry areas of the interior of British Columbia do not produce uredinia and may have lost the ability to do so. Collections from somewhat wetter areas produced uredinia or mixtures of uredinia and telia immediately following aeciospore inoculations, and field collections from such areas in June commonly had mixtures of uredinia and telia. Loss of the uredinial stage may be a response to climates that are often unsuitable for the spread or survival of the rust on the alternate host. Key words: stalactiform rust, uredinia, telia, rust life cycle.

scholarly journals Cautious Optimism: Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jonnette Watson Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Canadian Charter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Direct Discrimination

Adverse effects discrimination arises when a law that appears to be neutral on its face has a disproportionate and negative impact on members of a group identified by a protected ground.1 The discrimination is usually not as easy to see as it is in cases of direct discrimination, where distinctions are drawn by a law, program, or policy. This may be why Fraser v Canada (Attorney General)2 is only the third adverse effects claim under section 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms3 to succeed since section 15 came into force in 1985.4 Fraser is notable simply because it is the first successful adverse effects claim in twenty-two years.5 1 Jonnette Watson Hamilton & Jennifer Koshan. “Adverse Impact: The Supreme Court’s Approach to Adverse Effects Discrimination under Section 15 of the Charter” (2015) 19:2 Rev Const Stud Studies 191 at 196 [“Adverse Impact”]. 2 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser]. 3 Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter]. 4 The other two cases in which adverse effects claims were successful were Eldridge v British Columbia, [1997] 3 SCR 624, 151 DLR (4th) 577 [Eldridge cited to SCR] and Vriend v Alberta, [1998] 1 SCR 493, 156 DLR (4th) 385 [Vriend cited to SCR]. 5 At least five adverse effects claims made under section 15 of the Charter failed in the intervening twentytwo years: Health Services and Support — Facilities Subsector Bargaining Assn v British Columbia, 2007 SCC

Pharmacologic Differences in Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Park ◽  
Lauren Kelly Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pediatric Anesthesia ◽  
Propofol Infusion Syndrome ◽  
Anesthetic Care ◽  
Off Label ◽  
Anesthesia Providers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

Children are physiologically different from adults. Their anesthetic care requires ample consideration of the pharmacologic effects of medications on their minds and bodies to provide an overall pleasant and safe experience. There are many available pharmacologic agents that can be used in the course of a child’s anesthetic. It is essential to be aware of the potential uses and risks of each. Pediatric anesthesia providers must consider physiologic differences in children versus adults that affect pharmacodynamics. They should also consider various medication routes that are available to initiate sedation or anesthesia, dosing changes that need to be made due to metabolism immaturity and increased risk of medication toxicity, concern for possible neurotoxic effects of medications on the developing brain, and adverse effects of medication due to congenital issues or undiagnosed pathology. Medications we use in pediatric anesthesia have always been off label due to limited studies in this population of patients and ongoing studies will help enhance our practice.   This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 64 references. Key Words: anesthetic neurotoxicity, anesthesia uptake, apnea risk, benzodiazepine effects, neonates, midazolam bioavailability, opioids, opioid-sparing medications, premedication routes, propofol infusion syndrome, succinylcholine complications, sugammadex, uptake and distribution in infants.

scholarly journals Predicting Extreme-Precipitation Effects on the Geomorphology of Small Mountain Catchments: Towards an Improved Understanding of the Consequences for Freshwater Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Segadelli ◽  
Federico Grazzini ◽  
Michele Adorni ◽  
Maria Teresa De Nardo ◽  
Anna Fornasiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Freshwater Biodiversity ◽  
Rainfall Analysis ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Hourly Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Events

In 2015 an intense rainfall event hit the Valleys of the Trebbia, Nure, and Aveto watercourses in the Northern Apennines. In about 6 h a mesoscale convective system deployed a stunning amount of precipitation of 340 mm, with an extreme hourly rainfall intensity of >100 mm/h. It triggered debris flows along slopes and stream channels, landslides and floods, which caused serious damages. Through the optimal combination of rainfall data and radar volumes, in this work we present a detailed rainfall analysis, which will serve as a basis to create a quantitative correlation with debris flows over elementary hydrological units. We aim at providing an objective basis for future predictions, starting from the recognition of the forcing meteorological events, and then arriving at the prediction of triggering phenomena and to the debris-flow type. We further provide seven observations/case studies on the effects of extreme-precipitation events on freshwater environments in small mountain catchments. Extreme-precipitation events are becoming more frequent and widespread globally but their ecological effects are still insufficiently understood. In general, the effects of extreme events on inland-waters’ ecosystems are highly context-dependent, ranging from deleterious to beneficial. We therefore highlight the necessity of further studies to characterize these effects in more depth to be able to include appropriate mitigation measures in environmental planning and stewardship.

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