scholarly journals 1998 ice storm impact on sugar bushes of eastern Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L Noland
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Closure Rate ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

In 1998, thirty-four managed sugar bush blocks with 7% to 72% ice-induced crown damage were established in eastern Ontario. All received dolomitic lime (Ca, Mg) and P and K treatments in June 1999. Initial crown damage, fall root starch and sugar levels, sap production and sweetness, sap amino acid concentration, and tap hole closure rate were measured. Syrup production was calculated. Trees with >50% (severe) crown damage had reduced root starch content in 1998 and 2000, but not in 1999. In 2000, root total sugars were lower in trees with >50% crown damage. Sap produced per tap, and sap sweetness were reduced by damage, but not consistently in all years. Sap per tap increased with total crown branches in all three years, but sap sweetness and syrup production only in 1999. Syrup production per tap was consistently reduced in damaged trees in all three years, usually in trees with > 50% damage. The lime and P and K treatments did not significantly affect any of the variables measured. Results suggest that severe ice storm damage to crowns resulted in reduced fall root starch levels and less sap production, and/or sap sweetness, and therefore lowered the syrup producing capacity of sugar maple. Key words: Acer saccharum, ice storm, sap and syrup production, root starch, crown damage

Ice storm damage to eastern Ontario forests: 1998–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Hopkin ◽  
Tim Williams ◽  
Robert Sajan ◽  
John Pedlar ◽  
Cathy Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Following the 1998 ice storm, tree mortality and crown damage were monitored on permanent plots across eastern Ontario from 1998 until 2001. Conifer species were less damaged than hardwoods. Hardwood tree species showing the greatest crown damage included aspen, (Populus tremuloides), basswood (Tilia americana), and white birch (Betula papyrifera); major species showing the least damage included sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red oak (Quercus rubra) and hickory (Carya spp.). Generally, smaller diameter trees showed less damage than larger diameter trees. Significant mortality was recorded to silver maple (Acer saccharinum), basswood, ash (Fraxinus spp.) and aspen in 1998, although mortality in 2000 and 2001 was about 1–2%. Trees sustaining > 75% crown damage usually died by 2001. Key words: ice storm, ice damage, forest health

Ice storm damage: Effects of competition and fertilization on the growth of sugar maple trees

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Lautenschlager ◽  
John H Pedlar ◽  
John A Winters ◽  
Cathy M Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

Treatment plots in blocks established in productive sugar maple (Acer saccharum) bushes throughout southeastern Ontario were used to quantify effects of fertilizers, vegetation control and interactions on maple growth following the 1998 ice storm. Treatments were applied during the spring of 1999. Increment cores from six mature sugar maple trees in each plot in each block were extracted and examined during October 2001. Maple growth was highly variable before the storm, but fell to a 30-year low during both the first and second year after the storm. Growth reductions increased with increasing crown damage. Treatment-related statistical differences were marginal; however, the data suggest that phosphorus and potassium additions and competition control improved the growth of ice-damaged mature sugar maple trees. The combination of competition control and fertilization increased growth of ice-damaged maple the most. Key words: Acer saccharum, increment cores, glyphosate, phosphorus, potassium

Effects of past management on ice storm damage in hardwood stands in eastern Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Nielsen ◽  
Olesia Van Dyke ◽  
John Pedlar
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

The 1998 ice storm caused damage to forests across much of eastern North America. One of the information needs expressed by landowners and the broader forest community in eastern Ontario was an assessment of the effect of past management on degree of damage in hardwood stands. Ice storm damage was assessed in managed and unmanaged permanent sample plots established prior to the ice storm. In addition, 1587 temporary sample plots established after the 1998 ice storm were used to examine the effect of basal area, stand composition, stand location and tree size on degree of ice damage. Permanent sample plot results showed no significant difference in degree of damage between managed and unmanaged hardwood stands that experienced light to moderate damage in eastern Ontario. Chi-square analysis of temporary sample plots showed that the damage varied with location (township). There was some association with stand type (intolerant hardwood, tolerant hardwood, mixed hardwood/conifer and conifer), stand basal area and tree size. Implications for management are discussed. Key words: ice storm damage, past management effects, hardwoods

scholarly journals Quantifying ice damage by counting branches on damaged sugar maple trees

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager ◽  
John A. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Foliar Biomass

We quantified the productive capacity of sugar maple crowns by counting branches (third order and epicormic) on damaged trees following the 1998 ice storm in southeastern Ontario. The covariates derived from branch counts provided greater statistical confidence, for explaining post-damage root starch and sap (volume and sweetness) production, than did crown damage estimates. When combined with predictive equations for leaf area and biomass per branch, branch counts produce estimates of foliar biomass for individual trees, regardless of the amount of damage received. Although visual estimates of crown damage seem appropriate for documenting stand-level injury, those interested in individual tree responses or comparing damage among trees should consider counting branches as a way to quantify the productive capacity of trees with or without damage. Key words: Acer saccharum, branch counts, damage assessment, foliar biomass, ice damage, sugar maple

Soil and leaf analysis of fertilized sugar maple stands after ice storm damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vic R Timmer ◽  
Yuanxin Teng ◽  
John Pedlar
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
The Third

Lime and/or PK fertilizers were applied as remedial soil treatments to 33 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) woodlots established on a broad range of sites in eastern Ontario. All woodlots were actively used for maple syrup production and had suffered varying degrees of crown damage as a result of the 1998 ice storm. Soil and foliar samples were collected one and three growing seasons after treatment to assess changes in soil fertility and nutrition of these stands. Except for Ca from liming, the treatments significantly increased soil supply of added elements (P, K, Ca or Mg) as measured by standard laboratory methods. These effects may be relatively short-lived, as soil nutrient levels on treatment plots had started to decline by the end of the third season after treatment. Liming alleviated acidity on acid soils, but pH of neutral calcareous soils was unaffected, thus allaying initial concerns that liming may be "toxic" on these soils. The liming response was rapid, and persisted into the third growing season. Nutrient responses in soils were reflected in foliar analyses. Leaf P, K, Ca, and Mg were significantly raised when added as soil amendments. The results show that first-season nutrient responses to fertilizer additions are sensitive indicators of treatment effects on soil and foliage of sugar maple in the region. Initial growth assessments suggest a 15–22% basal area increment to P and K applications; however, it is not known if these early treatment effects will translate into long-term tree growth and sap yield responses. Key words: Acer saccharum, phosphorous and potassium fertilization, liming, soil tests, foliar analysis, soil acidity

scholarly journals Glaze Damage in a Young Yellow Birch Stand in Southern Quebec, Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

Abstract The relationships between three hardwood species, social position of trees, precommercial thinning treatment and ice storm damage were studied in a young hardwood stand in southern Quebec. The association between these variables was determined using log-linear modeling. Severity of the glaze damage was much higher for yellow birch than for sugar maple and white ash. As for the thinning treatment, yellow birch had the highest damage when heavy thinning from below was used. North. J. Appl. For. 18(1):14–18

Modeling ice storm damage to a mature, mixed-species hardwood forest in eastern Ontario

Ecoscience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Jones ◽  
Jason P. Pither ◽  
Ryan D. Debruyn ◽  
Raleigh J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Eastern Ontario ◽  
Ice Storm Damage

scholarly journals Growth of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) after Ice Storm Damage and Forest Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) Defoliation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Eddie Bevilacqua ◽  
Ralph D. Nyland ◽  
Tori Smith Namestnik ◽  
Douglas C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ice Storm Damage ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The January 1998 ice storm broke off tree crowns across a wide geographic area in northeastern North America, and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner) defoliated some of the same stands in 2004–2007. We assessed the post-event growth responses of upper canopy sugar maples (Acersaccharum Marsh.) in previously thinned and recently rehabilitated even-aged northern hardwood stands in New York State, USA. Cores from ice-storm-damaged trees showed an initial radial growth reduction, a recovery after one year, and an increase to or above pre-storm levels after three years. A later forest tent caterpillar defoliation in the same stand caused a second reduction of growth, and another recovery after one year. We observed greater post-storm radial growth on trees released by a post-ice storm rehabilitation treatment than in the untreated control, with growth exceeding pre-storm rates. Cores from another site thinned 38 years earlier and impacted only by the forest tent caterpillar showed a more moderate growth reduction, and a prompt but smaller post-defoliation growth response than among trees affected by both the ice storm and defoliation. Findings reflect the potential for growth of upper canopy sugar maple trees to recover after a single or two closely occurring crown disturbances, and provide guidance to managers who must decide about removing or continuing to manage stands after similar kinds of ice storm damage or defoliation.

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