scholarly journals In-woods chipping: Possible evidence for allelochemical interaction of leachate generated from trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) bark and wood waste

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy S. S. Conlin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Tree Length

A portable delimber-debarker-chipper, designed for in-woods chipping operations, was used to produce waste bark and wood residue from winter-harvested tree-length trembling aspen logs. The residue was then utilized to create leachate, which was subsequently used to treat white spruce, lodgepole pine, paper birch, aspen and Calamagrostis canadensis seedlings grown in sand-filled pots. Treatment with the leachate significantly decreased height growth and shoot and root dry weights of all species relative to the control treatment. Root: shoot ratios of all tree species except lodgepole pine were increased significantly by application of leachate. The root: shoot ratios of treated C. canadensis were significantly increased during one season, but significantly reduced in the following season. The data indicated that leachate from aspen bark and wood residue contain allelochemical properties that could affect the regenerative capacity of aspen cutblocks harvested for in-woods chipping operations. Key words: aspen, leachate, allelochemistry, Populus tremuloides, in-woods chipping

Compatible diameter and height increment models for lodgepole pine, trembling aspen, and white spruce

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson K. Nunifu
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Diameter Increment

In this study, compatible height and diameter increment models were fitted for lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.), and white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), using the relationship between diameter and height growth. It was assumed that tree diameter increment is directly proportional to height increment, and the proportionality constant is a function of competition and site productivity. The results showed that the fit statistics are comparable with results of other studies, with adjusted R2 ranging from 30% to 50%. A validation test of the models, using independent permanent sample plots data, showed that the short-term predictions of the models for both pure and mixedwood stands are fairly unbiased. The models also gave reasonable average height growth and diameter growth trajectories for pure stands of the three species and also projected long-term mixedwood (aspen – white spruce mixture) volume growth dynamics reasonably well. The models also projected reasonably well (i) the effect of increasing initial stem density on average diameter and height, and (ii) the stand volume compared with an older version the Mixedwood Growth Model (ver. 2000A). It was concluded that explicitly linking tree height and diameter increment models does not only have a solid ecological basis, but it also results in a compatible prediction of tree growth and stand dynamics.

Dynamics of regeneration gaps following harvest of aspen stands

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1818-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A MacIsaac ◽  
Philip G Comeau ◽  
S Ellen Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Over Time

This study assessed the dynamics of gap development in postharvest regeneration in five stands in northwestern Alberta dominated by trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The pattern of gap development over time was determined from analysis of air photographs taken preharvest and 1, 4, 10, and 12 years postharvest. The area of each stand covered by gaps increased after harvest because of the addition of harvest-related gaps over and above those that had been present prior to harvest. The blocks we studied had a combined gap area of up to 29% of stand area 12 years postharvest. We measured regeneration characteristics, microsite, soil, light, and browse conditions in 30 aspen regeneration gaps (gaps in regeneration that were not gaps preharvest and were not due to obvious harvest-related disturbance) 14 years following harvest. Although deciduous trees within postharvest regeneration gaps were the same age as those outside (i.e., in a fully stocked matrix of newly established even-aged aspen stems), they were often suppressed, with significantly lower density and growth. Within the 14-year-old postharvest regenerating aspen stands, aspen height varied from 1 to 11 m; this substantial variability appeared to be largely due to the influence of browsing. There was little evidence of ongoing regeneration within postharvest regeneration gaps, indicating that these gaps will probably persist over time. This may impact future deciduous stocking and volume. It is unknown what may have initiated the formation of these gaps, although results suggest that they are not due to edaphic conditions or disease in the preharvest stands. There is evidence that bluejoint (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.) cover and browsing are important factors in the maintenance of postharvest regeneration gaps. The spatial heterogeneity resulting from gaps could be advantageous, however, either as part of ecosystem-based management emulating natural disturbance or as a template for mixedwood management, where white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) are established in gaps.

Consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera)

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Lindroth ◽  
Brian J. Kopper ◽  
William F.J. Parsons ◽  
James G. Bockheim ◽  
David F. Karnosky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Paper Birch

Using height growth to model local and regional response of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to climate within the boreal forest of western Québec

2012 ◽  
Vol 243 ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Anyomi ◽  
Frédéric Raulier ◽  
Daniel Mailly ◽  
Martin P. Girardin ◽  
Yves Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Trembling Aspen

Trends in growing space efficiency of four boreal forest species based on yield table data

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Table Data

Yield tables are used to identify trends in growing space efficiency (GSE) and to relate GSE to self-tolerance and intraspecific competition. The method is useful when data specifically collected for this purpose are not available. Plonski’s normal yield tables for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) are used. An exponential volume–age function was partitioned into volume–area and area–age functions. The exponents of these two components form the B/D ratio, which is used to determine the mode of the stand at a given time, e.g., if B/D is <3/2, then the stand is in area occupation mode, and if B/D is >3/2, then the stand is in area exploitation mode. The dominant mode is the one most responsive to availability of growth resources, showing greater acceleration when resources are plentiful and more rapid deceleration when resources are scarce. Jack pine and paper birch are identified as area occupiers, whereas trembling aspen and black spruce are area exploiters and are therfore self-tolerant. Asymmetric competition was deemed to be present for paper birch throughout the life of the stand on site class I and for trembling aspen on all sites prior to senescence.

scholarly journals Widespread mortality of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) throughout interior Alaskan boreal forests resulting from a novel canker disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250078
Author(s):  
Roger W. Ruess ◽  
Loretta M. Winton ◽  
Gerard C. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Paper Birch

Over the past several decades, growth declines and mortality of trembling aspen throughout western Canada and the United States have been linked to drought, often interacting with outbreaks of insects and fungal pathogens, resulting in a “sudden aspen decline” throughout much of aspen’s range. In 2015, we noticed an aggressive fungal canker causing widespread mortality of aspen throughout interior Alaska and initiated a study to quantify potential drivers for the incidence, virulence, and distribution of the disease. Stand-level infection rates among 88 study sites distributed across 6 Alaska ecoregions ranged from <1 to 69%, with the proportion of trees with canker that were dead averaging 70% across all sites. The disease is most prevalent north of the Alaska Range within the Tanana Kuskokwim ecoregion. Modeling canker probability as a function of ecoregion, stand structure, landscape position, and climate revealed that smaller-diameter trees in older stands with greater aspen basal area have the highest canker incidence and mortality, while younger trees in younger stands appear virtually immune to the disease. Sites with higher summer vapor pressure deficits had significantly higher levels of canker infection and mortality. We believe the combined effects of this novel fungal canker pathogen, drought, and the persistent aspen leaf miner outbreak are triggering feedbacks between carbon starvation and hydraulic failure that are ultimately driving widespread mortality. Warmer early-season temperatures and prolonged late summer drought are leading to larger and more severe wildfires throughout interior Alaska that are favoring a shift from black spruce to forests dominated by Alaska paper birch and aspen. Widespread aspen mortality fostered by this rapidly spreading pathogen has significant implications for successional dynamics, ecosystem function, and feedbacks to disturbance regimes, particularly on sites too dry for Alaska paper birch.

How do primary nutrients affect the performance and preference of forest tent caterpillars on trembling aspen?

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Noseworthy ◽  
Emma Despland
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Pheromone Trails ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractVariation in leaf quality includes differences in both primary nutrients and secondary metabolites. Both of these factors can influence the feeding preference and resulting performance of herbivores in ways that are difficult to disentangle when comparing foliage from different sources. Our study was designed to assess the effects of the ratio of the primary nutrients in host-tree foliage, protein and sugar, on the performance and feeding behaviour of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)). Fourth-stadium larvae were fed trembling aspen leaves (Populus tremuloides Michx (Salicaceae)) supplemented with casein, sucrose, or buffer only (control). No differences in taste responses to the three leaf types were detected. In a cafeteria situation, feeding behaviour over the short term was largely determined by the use of pheromone trails and hence depended on which leaf was contacted first. Over the longer term, caterpillars fed most on the control leaf and the sugar-supplemented leaf and discriminated against the protein-supplemented leaf. Sugar supplementation increased survivorship relative to the control treatment but slowed development and did not affect growth; protein supplementation decreased growth. These findings are consistent with past research comparing forest tent caterpillar performance and feeding preference on different host plants.

Seed and bud legacies interact with varying fire regimes to drive long-term dynamics of boreal forest communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2765-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot JB McIntire ◽  
Robin Duchesneau ◽  
JP (Hamish) Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
High Severity

Sustainable forest management that employs the emulation of natural disturbance paradigm develops plans based on disturbance-driven forest succession. However, most research on forest succession has focused primarily on postdisturbance species change, often ignoring predisturbance legacies. We used the FORECAST ecosystem management model and a newly created natural regeneration submodel to examine the interaction of fire severity, fire frequency, and natural regeneration to produce multicycle dynamics of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in a western Canadian boreal forest. We simulated 19 different scenarios in a factorial disturbance experiment of three severities and six frequencies and a no-disturbance scenario. Our simulations resulted in a wide diversity of boreal forest community types, including trembling aspen dominated mixedwoods with high-frequency (75 year), high-severity (100% mortality) fires, and nearly pure lodgepole pine stands at midfrequency (100–125 year) and high-severity fires. With the unvarying disturbance regimes we used, a variety of different but recurring temporal patterns emerged. We show that the loss of seed source legacies reinforces the disturbance-driven species dominance, demonstrating community inertia. This study provides a long-term perspective to boreal forest management that demonstrates the role of disturbance and legacies in long-term dynamics.

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