Post-spacing mortality of lodgepole pine from armillaria root disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V. Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease

To evaluate the threat of armillaria root disease in precommercially thinned lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), a total of 66 15 × 15-m plots were established in dense lodgepole pine regeneration, 18 to 21 years after harvest, on three infested sites near Hinton, Alberta. Three treatments (2.5-m spacing, 1.5-m spacing and an unspaced control) were randomly applied to plots having similar densities and levels of mortality. After 11 years there was no significant difference among the treatments in cumulative percent mortality. Based on observed levels of mortality, it would appear that spacing need not be avoided in infested stands, although it likely would be prudent to space more closely than 2.5 m in younger stands and in parts of stands having more than 5–10% mortality. Key words: precommercial thinning, spacing, armillaria root disease, Armillaria ostoyae

scholarly journals Impact of climate on juvenile mortality and Armillaria root disease in lodgepole pine

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (02) ◽  
pp. 148-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Richard Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease

Variable and sometimes high levels of mortality in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) planted in western Alberta have raised awareness of the need to forecast and ameliorate risks to reforestation success. Mortality and health of regeneration during the 12 years following harvest were monitored and evaluated in relation to climate, site and silvicultural treatments. Results suggest that physiological stress related to evapotranspiration is the most prevalent cause of overall juvenile mortality and susceptibility to Armillaria root disease in planted pine. Mortality and disease not only increase at higher rates of drying during the growing season, but an opposite effect is also demonstrated whereby they decrease with increasing spring temperatures. Mechanical site preparation aimed at countering mortality and disease of planted stock with improved soil conditions appears to have good potential for ameliorating adverse climatic effects in juvenile stands.

Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V Blenis ◽  
Wuhan Li
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

scholarly journals Climate, radial growth, and mortality associated with conifer regeneration infected by root disease (Armillaria ostoyae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Michael P. Murray ◽  
Adrian Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Annual Mortality

Tree root disease caused by the pathogen Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink has notable influence on bio-economic systems of southern British Columbia (BC) and the northwestern United States. Annual radial growth and mortality trends of regeneration associated with A. ostoyae during the first 21 years of a plantation were investigated. Our dendrochronological approach focused on a plantation established in 1991 with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats.). We examined tree rings for reduced growth onset (RGO) to estimate infection periods. Among trees studied, we found that the number of RGO events peaked in 2006 followed by a steady decline in frequency. A similar trend was seen in annual mortality rates which reached maximum values in 2007 followed by an uninterrupted decrease. The average number of years from RGO to death based on host species ranged from 2.3 to 3.6 years. According to on logistic regression modeling, values associated with drought codes and duff moisture codes were significant in determining the year of death for infected trees. The predicted increase in frequency of summer droughts may lead to elevated mortality associated with A. ostoyae in young plantations.

Plant community attributes 12 to 14 years following precommercial thinning in a young lodgepole pine forest

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M.F Lindgren ◽  
D B Ransome ◽  
D S Sullivan ◽  
T P Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Tree Layer ◽  
Moss Layer ◽  
Pine Stands

We investigated plant community responses (abundance, species diversity, and structural diversity) to a range of precommercial thinning densities in young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands 12 to 14 years after thinning, with both unthinned and old-growth stands for comparison. Abundance of understory plants, especially herbs, appeared to increase dramatically in the thinned stands. The moss layer was significantly more abundant in old-growth stands than in the young pine stands. Of a total of 108 species sampled, only three were introduced species, all of which occurred more frequently in the low-density stands than in any of the other stands. Thinning treatments appeared to increase the abundance of late-seral species. Our results suggest that by disrupting canopy closure, thinning decreased the dominance of tall trees and increased the abundance of herbs, shrubs, and trees in the understory height classes. As a result, thinning to low densities significantly increased the structural richness of the tree layer and caused an increase in total structural diversity, which, although only marginally significant (p = 0.06), was likely biologically important. Our results suggest that thinning will enhance the abundance, species diversity, and structural diversity of the plant community 12 to 14 years postthinning.

Protein and caloric content of lodge pole pine needles

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boag ◽  
J. W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Site

The level of crude protein and the caloric content of the needles of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) were investigated. Crude protein levels averaged 4.52 per cent of air-dry weight. No significant difference could be demonstrated in protein levels between samples taken,1) in May and November2) at 6,300 and 5,700 feet altitude, and3) from old and young trees growing on the same site.No evidence of changed protein levels was found in samples taken from trees growing on a site burned intensively 20 years previously. Caloric content of lodgepole pine needles averaged 4,973 calories per gram. Caloric values did not differ significantly between trees growing on the same and different sites.

scholarly journals Precommercial Thinning in a Ponderosa Pine Stand Affected by Armillaria Root Disease in Central Oregon: 30 Years of Growth and Mortality

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Filip ◽  
Stephen A. Fitzgerald ◽  
Lisa M. Ganio
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease

Abstract A 30-yr-old stand of ponderosa pine was precommercially thinned in 1966 to determine the effects of thinning on tree growth and mortality caused by Armillaria root disease in central Oregon. After 30 yr, crop tree mortality was significantly (P = 0.02) less in thinned plots than in unthinned plots. Tree diameter growth was not significantly (P = 0.17) increased by thinning. Crop-tree basal area/ac growth was significantly (P = 0.03) greater in thinned plots. Apparently, from a root disease perspective, precommercial thinning of pure ponderosa stands significantly decreases the incidence of crop-tree mortality after 30 yr and significantly increases basal area/ac growth but not individual tree diameter growth. Recommendations for thinning based on stand density index (SDI) are given. West. J. Appl. For. 14(3):144-148.

Precommercial Thinning in a Ponderosa Pine Stand affected by Armillaria Root Disease: 20 Years of Growth and Mortality in Central Oregon

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Filip ◽  
Donald J. Goheen ◽  
David W. Johnson ◽  
John H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
Forest Managers

Abstract A naturally regenerated stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was thinned in 1966 to determine the effects of spacing on crop-tree mortality caused by Armillaria root disease in central Oregon. After 20 years, crop-tree mortality in unthinned plots exceeded that in the thinned plots (1.6 vs. 0.8 trees/ac/yr). Crop-tree diameter growth, however, was greater in thinned plots (0.2 vs. 0.1 in./yr). Forest managers should not defer thinning of similar stands because of Armillaria root disease. West J. Appl. For. 4(2):58-59, April 1989.

Reduced Volume, Grade and Value of Lodgepole Pine Lumber Caused by Atropellis Canker and Stalactiform Blister Rust

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Nevill ◽  
J. H. Borden ◽  
H. Merler
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Reduced Volume ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Pine Lumber

In a stand of 45-65-year old lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm., in the interior of British Columbia, Atropellis canker, Atropellis piniphila (Weir) Lohman and Cash, and stalactiform blister rust, Cronartium coleosporioides Arth., reduced the volume of infected trees by 7.9% and 6.2%, respectively. Manufacture of lumber from these trees increased volume losses by up to 28.7% and 26.4%, respectively. Atropellis canker reduced the volume of Standard and Better grade lumber by up to 40.1% and stalactiform blister rust by 33.3%, with corresponding relative increases in the volume of Utility grade up to 80%. The reduction of lumber volume and grade decreased the value of Atropellis-infected trees by 33.4% and stalactiform blister rust-infected trees by 28.7%. Based on the density of stems per hectare and infection rates, the two diseases reduced the potential lumber value of lodgepole pine by $508.40 per hectare. Thus management measures to reduce the incidence and impact of these diseases may be economically justified. Key Words: Lodgepole pine; Pinus contorta; Atropellis piniphila, Cronartium coleosporioides; lumber volume, grade, value.

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