scholarly journals Studying the impacts of harvest intensity on site productivity of Ontario's black spruce ecosystems

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave M. Morris ◽  
Dan R. Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Core Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tree Length ◽  
Study Sites

As a result of a Class Environmental Assessment, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) was mandated to design and implement a research project pertaining to the effects of full-tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. This project, initiated in 1991, was designed to focus on ecosystem processes and the changes occurring to these processes after harvesting (e.g., quantifying the disruption and recovery) for the black spruce working group. A series of replicated, experimental harvest treatments with varying degrees of biomass removal were conducted on nine core study sites, representing different black spruce ecosites located in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The harvest treatments included: uncut — controls, tree length — delimbed at the stump, full tree — delimbed at the roadside, full-tree chipping — chipped debris was returned to the harvest plot, and whole tree — complete removal of vegetation and forest floor. Each site consisted of 16 plots, three replicates of the four harvest treatments (30 m × 30 m plots) and four replicates of the control plots (50 m × 50 m plots). Work on this project is anticipated to continue for a minimum of fifteen years to detail the early and most dynamic stages of post-harvest recovery. Key words: black spruce, site productivity, nutrient cycling, harvesting impacts

Patterns of canopy interception and throughfall along a topographic sequence for black spruce dominated forest ecosystems in northwestern Ontario

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave M Morris ◽  
Alan G Gordon ◽  
Andrew M Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Study Sites

A 3-year (1993–1995) study was conducted to describe both the spatial (within- and between-site) and temporal (monthly) patterns associated with canopy interception, throughfall, and net forest water along a black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) topo-sequence situated in northwestern Ontario. This site array included (1) an upland, well-drained, mineral soil site; (2) a poorly drained, midslope, wet mineral site; and (3) a treed wetland on organic (peat) soil. Bulk precipitation (BP) and throughfall (TF) were collected, on an event basis (63 events, over 4800 samples analyzed), using standard collecting devices and analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3–), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Comparison of BP and TF data suggested that an enrichment of K (190%), Mg (115%), and Ca (70%) occurred during canopy interactions. On the other hand, inorganic nitrogen (NH4+: –73%; NO3–: –47%), and to a lesser extent TP (–35%), rates declined. TKN, however, remained the same, suggesting that inorganic N reductions were offset by organic N inputs. Downward shifts in pH were also detected for TF (4.45–4.48), as compared with the pH of BP (4.52–4.80). Although all study sites received similar rainfall amounts, the more productive sites (i.e., carrying greater foliar mass, higher leaf area index) had lower TF volumes (i.e., higher interception rates) but higher macronutrient returns to the forest floor. This increase in macronutrient deposition was directly related to substantial increases in nutrient concentrations, which, in turn, suggested a greater degree of canopy interaction and (or) leaching on these sites. Throughfall pH, however, was not significantly different across the three study sites. With respect to temporal patterns, the major cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) demonstrated an increasing trend in concentration levels in TF as the season progressed to a maximum in October. TKN and TP concentrations, on the other hand, maintained relatively stable levels throughout the summer, peaking in September, but dropping substantially in October as metabolic processes slowed and the supply of these nutrients to the foliage was reduced. Even with the increase in base cation concentration, throughfall pH shifted downward to 4.3 or below by late fall.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

Laparoscopic Incisional and Ventral Hernia Repair with Absorbable Tacks in a Long Term Follow-up: A Retrospective Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Simone Zanella ◽  
Enrico Lauro ◽  
Francesco Franceschi ◽  
Francesco Buccelletti ◽  
Annalisa Potenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hernia Repair ◽  
Ventral Hernia ◽  
Ventral Hernia Repair ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Absorbable Tacks

Background: Laparoscopic Incisional and Ventral Hernia Repair (LIVHR) is a safe and worldwide accepted procedure performed using absorbable tacks. The aim of the study was to evaluate recurrence rate in a long term follow-up and whether the results of laparoscopic IVH repair in the elderly (≥65 years old) are different with respect to results obtained in younger patients. Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients (74 women and 55 men, median age 67 years, range = 30-87 years) with ventral (N = 42, 32.5%) or post incisional (N = 87, 67.5%) hernia were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age: group A (N = 55, 42.6%) aged <65 years and group B (N = 74, 57.4%) aged ≥65 years. Results: The mean operative time was not significantly different between groups (66.7 ± 37 vs. 74 ± 48.4 min, p = 0.4). To the end of 2016, seven recurrences had occurred (group A = 3, group B = 4, p = 1). Complications occurred in 8 (16%) patients in group A and 21 (28.3%) patients in group B. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results confirm that the use of absorbable tacks does not increase recurrence frequency and laparoscopic incisional and ventral repair is a safety procedure also in elderly patients.

scholarly journals Reconstructive Approaches in Surgical Management of Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4132
Author(s):  
Andrea Laufer ◽  
Adrien Frommer ◽  
Georg Gosheger ◽  
Robert Roedl ◽  
Frank Schiedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
Bone Transport ◽  
Bone Union ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Union Rate ◽  
Bone Fusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Group B

Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia remains a major challenge in pediatric orthopedics. Ideal timing and preference of surgical procedures are discussed controversially. A variety of reconstructive treatment strategies have been described in literature, but so far none has proven its superiority. The aim of treatment is to obtain long-term bone union, to prevent refracture, and to correct angular deformities and leg length discrepancies. This study retrospectively evaluates the outcome of different reconstructive strategies. Sixty-nine patients were identified who presented to our outpatient department between 1997 and 2019. Twenty-six of these patients underwent reconstructive surgical treatment and were included in this study. The study cohort was divided into three groups. Excision of the pseudarthrosis was performed in all patients in Group A and B, and in two patients of Group C. Group A (six/26 patients) received subsequent bone transport through external fixation maintaining original length. In Group B (15/26 patients), patients underwent either previous, simultaneous, or subsequent extrafocal lengthening through external fixation to reconstitute length. In Group C (five/26 patients), internal fixation with intramedullary nails was applied. Radiological and clinical evaluation was performed to assess bone union and complication rates. Results varied considerably between the study groups. Overall, the primary bone fusion rate was 69.2%. There were four refractures, all occurring in Group B. The long-term bone union rate without refracture was 53.8%. The overall complication rate was 53.8% and 23.1% showed persistent pseudarthrosis. Two secondary amputations were performed due to failed bone fusion. In conclusion, excision of the pseudarthrosis and extrafocal lengthening achieves a satisfying bone union rate and limb reconstruction, while bone transport does not offer significant advantages but shows higher complication rates. Intramedullary stabilization should be applied to maintain bone union, but shows lower bone union rates when used as a stand-alone treatment regimen. Regardless of the primary bone fusion rates, the probability of long-term bone union remains unpredictable.

scholarly journals 439 Conservative Versus Surgical Management of Complicated Diverticulitis - A Retrospective Study of Long-Term Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Durity ◽  
G Elliott ◽  
T Gana
Keyword(s):  
Complicated Diverticulitis ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Stoma Reversal ◽  
Group A ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction Management of complicated diverticulitis has shifted towards a conservative approach over time. This study evaluates the feasibility and long-term outcomes of conservative management. Method We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive series of patients managed with perforated colonic diverticulitis from 2013-2017. Results Seventy-three (73) patients were included with a male to female ratio of 1:2. Thirty-one (31) underwent Hartmann’s procedure (Group A) and 42 patients were managed with antibiotics +/- radiological drainage (Group B). Mean follow-up was 64.9 months (range 3-7 years). CT Grade 3 and 4 disease was observed in 64.5% and 40.4% of Group A and Group B patients, respectively. During follow-up, 9 (21.4%) Group B patients required Hartmann’s. Group A had longer median length of stay compared to Group B (25.1 vs 9.2 days). Post-operative complications occurred in 80.6% with 40% being Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher in group A. Stoma reversal was performed in 8 patients (25.8%). Conclusions In carefully selected cases, complicated diverticulitis including CT grade 3 and 4 disease, can be managed conservatively with acceptable recurrence rates (16.7% at 30 days, 4.8% at 90 days, 19.0% at 5 years). Surgical intervention on the other hand, carries high post-operative complication rates and low stoma reversal rates.

Nest cameras do not affect nest survival in a meadow-nesting shorebird

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
VOLKER SALEWSKI ◽  
LUIS SCHMIDT
Keyword(s):  
Nest Survival ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Limosa Limosa ◽  
Study Sites

Summary Identifying the fate of birds’ nests and the causes of breeding failure is often crucial for the development of conservation strategies for threatened species. However, collecting these data by repeatedly visiting nests might itself contribute to nest failure or bias. To solve this dilemma, automatic cameras have increasingly been used as a time-efficient means for nest monitoring. Here, we consider whether the use of cameras itself may influence hatching success of nests of the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa at two long-term study sites in northern Germany. Annually between 2013 and 2019, cameras were used to monitor godwit nests. In 2014 and 2019, nests were randomly equipped with cameras or not, and nest survival checked independently of the cameras. Nest-survival models indicated that survival probabilities varied between years, sites and with time of the season, but were unaffected by the presence of cameras. Even though predation is the main cause of hatching failure in our study system, we conclude that predators did not learn to associate cameras with food either when the cameras were initially installed or after they had been used for several years. Cameras were thus an effective and non-deleterious tool to collect data for conservation in this case. As other bird species may react differently to cameras at their nests, and as other sets of predators may differ in their ability to associate cameras with food, the effect of cameras on breeding success should be carefully monitored when they are used in a new study system.

scholarly journals The Role of Quantic Molecular Resonance (QMR) in the Treatment of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy (ITH): Our Experience With Long-Term Follow-Up in Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis Refractory to Medical Therapy. Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110015
Author(s):  
Filippo Ricciardiello ◽  
Davide Pisani ◽  
Pasquale Viola ◽  
Raul Pellini ◽  
Giuseppe Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Nonallergic Rhinitis ◽  
Turbinate Hypertrophy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy ◽  
Molecular Resonance

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effectiveness of quantic molecular resonance (QMR) in the treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis refractory to medical therapy. Methods: This study enrolled 281 patients, 160 males (56.9%) and 121 females (43.1%), mean age 37.8 ± 4.1 years, range 18 to 71. Fifty-four patients have been lost to follow up and have been therefore excluded from the final analysis. Based on skin prick test results, 69 patients were considered allergic (group A) and 158 nonallergic (group B). All subjects underwent before surgery (T0) and 3 (T1), 12 (T2), 24 (T3), and 36 months (T4) after QMR treatment to: 4-phase rhinomanometric examination, nasal endoscopy evaluation, and visual analogue scale to quantify the subjective feelings about nasal obstruction. Results: Subjective and objective parameters showed statistically significant improvement in both groups. Group B parameters not changed during follow-up, while group A showed significant worsening between T1 and subsequent assessments. T4 outcome indicates a better result in nonallergic patients. Conclusions: In accordance with the literature, our preliminary data validate QMR treatment as a successful therapeutic option for nasal obstruction due to ITH. Nonallergic patients had a very good T4 outcome. Allergic patients showed a worsening trend after 1 year probably due to other causes.

scholarly journals Territorial governance of managed retreat in Sweden: addressing challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnel Göransson ◽  
Lisa Van Well ◽  
David Bendz ◽  
Per Danielsson ◽  
Jim Hedfors
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Flexible Planning ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Inland Flooding

AbstractMany climate adaptation options currently being discussed in Sweden to meet the challenge of surging seas and inland flooding advocate holding the line through various hard and soft measures to stabilize the shoreline, while managed retreat is neither considered as feasible option nor has it been explicitly researched in Sweden. However, failure to consider future flooding from climate change in municipal planning may have dangerous and costly consequences when the water does come. We suggest that managed retreat practices are challenging in Sweden, not only due to public opinions but also because of a deficit of uptake of territorial knowledge by decision-makers and difficulties in realizing flexible planning options of the shoreline. A territorial governance framework was used as a heuristic to explore the challenges to managed retreat in four urban case studies (three municipalities and one county) representing different territorial, hydrological and oceanographic environments. This was done through a series of participatory stakeholder workshops. The analysis using a territorial governance framework based on dimensions of coordination, integration, mobilization, adaptation and realization presents variations in how managed retreat barriers and opportunities are perceived among case study sites, mainly due to the differing territorial or place-based challenges. The results also indicate common challenges regardless of the case study site, including coordination challenges and unclear responsibility, the need for integrated means of addressing goal conflicts and being able to adapt flexibly to existing regulations and plans. Yet rethinking how managed retreat could boost community resilience and help to implement long-term visions was seen as a way to deal with some of the territorial challenges.

Efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of long- lasting olfactory disorders in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
L.A. Vaira ◽  
C. Hopkins ◽  
M. Petrocelli ◽  
J.R. Lechien ◽  
S. Cutrupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The growing number of COVID-19 patients with long-lasting olfactory disorders makes it necessary to identify effective treatments that enhance the spontaneous recovery of olfactory function. METHODS: Multicentre randomised case-control study that involved 18 patients with COVID-19 related anosmia or severe hyposmia for more than 30 days. Nine patients were prescribed systemic prednisone and nasal irrigation with betamethasone, ambroxol and rinazine for 15 days. The other 9, untreated, patients were used as controls. The olfactory function was evaluated with CCCRC test at 20 and 40 days from the first evaluation. RESULTS: In the control group, a median olfactory score of 20 (IQR 30) was detected at baseline. At the 20-day control there was no significant improvement in olfactory function. The improvement in olfactory performance became significant at the 40-day follow-up compared to baseline scores [60 (IQR 60) versus 20 (IQR 30)]. In the treatment group, patients had a mean olfactory score of 10 (IQR 15) at initial control. At the 20-day control, a significant im-provement in the olfactory scores, compared to the baseline, was detected [70 (IQR 40) versus 10 (IQR 15)]. Olfactory function further improved at 40 days [median score 90 (IQR 50)]. Patients in the treatment group reported significantly higher improvements of the olfactory scores than the controls at both the 20-day [40 (IQR 45) versus 10 (IQR 15)] and 40-day [60 (IQR 40) versus 30 (IQR 25)] evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, the mix of drugs including steroids could represent a useful specific therapy to reduce the prevalence of this long-term morbidity.

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