Canopy structure, light penetration and tree growth in a slash pine (Pinus elliottii) silvo-pastoral system at different stand configurations in Florida

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Sequeira ◽  
H. L. Gholz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Structure Light

Canopy structure, light penetration and accumulated stem volume were studied for a one-year-period in an 18-year-old slash pine/native understory silvo-pastoral system at the Withlacoochee State Forest, central Florida. Trees were planted in six different single and double row configurations at a constant stand density. Below-canopy photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil temperature were monitored along transects within the plots on a monthly basis. Above-canopy PAR was continuously recorded as reference. Tree stem dimensions (height, diameter) and crown dimensions (height, width) were measured on trees adjacent to the transects and stem volumes estimated. Results showed that tree crown area and stem volume were highly correlated, and both were also significantly related to light penetration (below-canopy PAR: above-canopy PAR ratio). Soil temperature and light penetration were also correlated. The results suggest that canopy geometry can be significantly managed to optimize both tree growth and light available to an understory. Key words: Canopy, configuration, Florida, light, silvopastoral, slash pine, stem volume growth, understory, PAR

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Attributes of Pine Straw from Southern Pine Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Zachary Singh ◽  
Adam Maggard ◽  
Rebecca Barlow ◽  
John Kush
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Pine Straw

Abstract Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) are two southern pine species that are popular for producing pine straw for landscaping. The objective of this research was to determine the response of soil properties and weed growth to the application of pine straw. Longleaf pine, slash pine, and two non-mulched controls (with and without chemical weed control) were tested. Volumetric soil water content, soil nutrients, soil temperature, weed biomass, and seedling growth were measured. Compared to non-mulched controls, both longleaf and slash pine plots had a greater soil moisture during extended periods without rainfall in the full sun environment. When soil temperatures increased, mulched plots had lower soil temperature relative to non-mulched plots. Soil pH and soil nutrients were generally similar between pine straw types with few significant differences in measured variables. Both pine straw treatments reduced weed growth and longleaf pine maintained a greater straw depth over the study period compared to slash pine, but no differences were observed for decomposition. These results indicate that longleaf pine straw and slash pine straw perform equally as well in terms of increasing soil moisture, moderating soil temperature, and reducing weed growth compared to not using mulch. Index words: Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, organic mulch, soil properties, landscaping. Species used in this study: Shumard oak, Quercus shumardii Buckl., Eastern redbud, Cercis canadensis L.

Estimated realized gains for first-generation slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) tree improvement in the southeastern United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Vergara ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Barry D Shiver ◽  
Donald L Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
The University ◽  
Stand Yield

Realized gains from selection of the first-generation breeding population of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) were estimated using data from 38 field trials planted in large rectangular plots in the southeastern United States. The trials consisted of material selected for volume growth and planted by the Cooperative Forest Genetics Research Program at the University of Florida (19 trials) and by the Plantation Management Research Cooperative at the University of Georgia (19 trials). All trials contained slash pine seedlots collected from unrogued or lightly rogued first-generation seed orchards. Analyses of variance detected, on average, moderate gains in rust resistance (I50 = 43.1%) and site index (4.3%) and important gains in individual tree volume (7.7%) and stand yield (10.2%). Silvicultural treatments and age by realized gains interactions were never significant, but significant interactions between seedlots and trials showed that realized gains are not consistent at all sites. Overall results were highly consistent with predicted breeding values for rust resistance, but lower than expected for volume. On average, realized gain in stand yield for first-generation material was approximately 10%, or an extra inside-bark volume of 25 m3·ha–1 (357 feet3·acre–1) at 25 years.

Effects of Fertilization on Healthy and Pitch Canker-Infected Pines

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Fisher ◽  
W. S. Garbett ◽  
E. M. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract The addition of large amounts of nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilizer to a slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) stand infected with pitch canker increased mortality and decreased tree growth. The addition of nitrogen or phosphorus alone, small amounts of nitrogen plus phosphorus, or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and micronutrients together neither increased mortality nor decreased tree growth.

Effects of precommercial thinning on tree growth and lumber quality in a jack pine stand in New Brunswick, Canada

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Y Zhang ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
D Edwin Swift ◽  
Isabelle Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Thinning Intensity

A naturally regenerated jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trial established in 1966 in New Brunswick was studied to determine how three precommercial thinning intensities (1.22 m × 1.22 m, 1.52 m × 1.52 m, and 2.13 m × 2.13 m) and a control (154 trees in total) affected tree growth and lumber quality. Mild (thinned to 1.22 m) and moderate (1.52 m) thinning had a modest impact on tree growth after 34 years (stand age 59). However, intensive thinning (2.13 m, or 2212 stems/ha) increased tree height by 13.1% compared with the control, whereas tree diameter and merchantable stem volume per tree increased by >20% and >75%, respectively. Yields of No. 2 and Better increased slightly with increasing thinning intensity, but lumber bending properties decreased with increasing thinning intensity. There was, respectively, >20% and >15% difference in lumber strength (modulus of rupture) and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) between the mild (1.22 m) and intensive (2.13 m) thinnings. Intensive precommercial thinning (2.13 m) is recommended for increased volume growth, but rotation age (>59 years) should not be reduced if lumber bending properties are of concern.

scholarly journals Examining Changes in Stem Taper and Volume Growth with Two-Date 3D Point Clouds

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Luoma ◽  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Topi Tanhuanpää ◽  
Harri Kaartinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
3D Point Clouds

Exact knowledge over tree growth is valuable information for decision makers when considering the purposes of sustainable forest management and planning or optimizing the use of timber, for example. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can be used for measuring tree and forest attributes in very high detail. The study aims at characterizing changes in individual tree attributes (e.g., stem volume growth and taper) during a nine year-long study period in boreal forest conditions. TLS-based three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data were used for identifying and quantifying these changes. The results showed that observing changes in stem volume was possible from TLS point cloud data collected at two different time points. The average volume growth of sample trees was 0.226 m3 during the study period, and the mean relative change in stem volume was 65.0%. In addition, the results of a pairwise Student’s t-test gave strong support (p-value 0.0001) that the used method was able to detect tree growth within the nine-year period between 2008–2017. The findings of this study allow the further development of enhanced methods for TLS-based single tree and forest growth modeling and estimation, which can thus improve the accuracy of forest inventories and offer better tools for future decision-making processes.

Small Topographic Differences Affect Slash Pine Response to Site Preparation and Fertilization

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Triple Superphosphate

Abstract On a Wrightsville-Vidrine silt loam flatwoods in southwest Louisiana, six-year-old slash pines (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) planted on the better drained Vidrine-pimple mounds and Vidrine-like ridges were nearly four times larger than pines planted in the poorly drained Wrightsville depressions. Site preparation treatments did not affect tree growth on the better drained sites. In the poorly drained depressions pines planted on beds were 37 percent taller and averaged 49 percent more volume per tree than pines planted on harrowed plots. Fertilization did not increase yields on the poorly drained sites. On the better drained sites, pines fertilized with triple superphosphate were 24 percent taller and averaged 84 percent more volume per tree than unfertilized pines.

Triadimefon Controls Fusiform Rust in Young Slash Pine Plantations

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Foliar Sprays

Abstract Triadimefon (Bayleton®) effectively controlled fusiform rust in a slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) plantation when three or more foliar sprays containing 600 ppm a.i. were applied annually (March to June) to runoff. Fewer foliar sprays and a top-dip applied at planting did not provide effective control of the disease. From the spray volumes applied over a five-year period, an estimated maximum of 505 mg a.i. triadimefon accumulated per tree. This amount did not reduce tree growth or survival. South. J. Appl. For. 10:112-114, May 1986.

Determining Site Index and Estimating Timber Volumes Without Measuring Heights

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bailey ◽  
John R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Dominant Height

Abstract We present a time-saving method for predicting average dominant height, and thus site index, and predicting yield of a slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantation without measuring any tree heights. We identify a segment in the upper end of the diameter distribution where the average height of all trees is equal to average dominant height. The arithmetic mean diameter of these trees, called dominant height diameter (DHD), is used in a regression to predict average dominant height. With individual tree height prediction equations that use average dominant height and tree volume or weight equations that use tree height and dbh, plot volumes or weights can then be predicted. For 922 plots in slash pine plantations, total-stem volume per acre was predicted with an R2 of 0.978 with this method. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):15-18.

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