scholarly journals Traditional Sustained Yield Management: Problems and Alternatives

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Management ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Value Maximization ◽  
Sustained Yield ◽  
Public Forests

Sustained yield has been a tenet of faith among foresters since forestry emerged as a profession. The concept developed during feudal times when foresters were primarily gamekeepers for landed aristocracy. When the industrial revolution put new demands on forests for fuelwood, foresters extended their "bag limits" to the trees, based on the perception that unregulated markets would result in forest devastation. Early foresters believed that governments must own or regulate forests to perpetuate timber resources. This belief is the basis for extensive public forests today in Canada, the United States and elsewhere. The vision of the early foresters was not reality, but many still cling to their erroneous notions.Markets can and do provide far better information than any sustained yield model about how forests should be managed. Net present value maximization without any sustained yield harvest flow constraints provides a superior way to manage forests and subjects the vision needed to plan for today and tomorrow to meaningful reality checks. Sustained yield constraints greatly distort attempts to measure the effects of alternative management practices for both timber and non-timber outputs.

UNIFICATION OF STANDS SELECTION FOR FINAL FELLING IN STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL PLANNING

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainārs GRĪNVALDS
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Tactical Planning ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Value Maximization ◽  
Annual Changes ◽  
Selection For

The stand selection for cutting in tactical planning should be done according to the same principles like in strategic planning – to maximize net present value. The simple way of how to transfer the net present value maximization principle from strategic planning to tactical planning was created in Sweden. The method is based on annual changes in the net present value by postponing final felling. Forest inventory data and forestry modelling system was used for calculation of changes in net present value for pine, spruce, birch, aspen and black alder stands. And changes in net present value were described by regression function with factors from stand parameters. The regression function allows calculating annual changes in net present value for each stand. And stands with higher decrease in net present value have higher cutting priority. Stands selected for the final felling in strategic plan were compared with the stands selected in tactical plan with two methods, first, by using annual changes in the net present value, second, by traditional planning principles. Stands selected by annual changes in the net present value were similar to stands that were selected for cutting in strategic plan, but stands selected by traditional planning principles – not.

scholarly journals Current State and Future Prospective of Repowering Wind Turbines: An Economic Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Fuchs ◽  
Joachim Kasten ◽  
Maxi Vent
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Current State

For over two decades, the construction of wind turbines in Germany has been supported by guaranteed feed-in tariffs determined by the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), the primary goal of which is climate protection, in addition to reducing the country’s dependence on the import of (finitely available) fossil fuels. After China and the United States, Germany ranks third worldwide in the production of wind energy. The number of onshore wind turbines in Germany has risen to approximately 30,000 plants, of which approximately 10,000 wind turbines will fall out of the guaranteed EEG funding window in the next one to two years. There are basically two alternatives for these wind turbines: either continuing operations, with the sale of electricity at relatively low and fluctuating electricity stock prices, or repowering, which opens access to the fixed feed-in tariffs for another 20 years. However, repowering has the disadvantages that an approval process must be carried out and the investor must participate in a tender. There is no guarantee for the granting of a building permit; economically feasible operations also depend on the fact that one can win a contract without the submitted price being set too low. This area of tension is illustrated by a wind farm in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and analysed economically. The investment in new, more efficient, and larger wind turbines currently promises a high return. The profitability of the investment in wind turbines is determined using the net present value (NPV) method. In addition, a risk analysis is carried out using stochastic simulation. As a result, the feed-in tariff contributes to over 95% of the variance in the net present value (NPV).

scholarly journals Evaluating the long-term influence of alternative commercial thinning regimes and harvesting systems on projected net present value of precommercially thinned spruce–fir stands in northern Maine

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Hiesl ◽  
Mindy S. Crandall ◽  
Aaron Weiskittel ◽  
Jeffrey G. Benjamin ◽  
Robert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Timing Of Entry

Commercial thinning (CT) is an important silvicultural practice in the northeastern United States. Relatively little is known, however, about the interaction of harvest system and treatment (removal intensity or timing of entry) on the overall profitability of CT. To address this question, 10-year measurements from a controlled CT experiment across six sites in Maine were used to project the long-term effect of removal intensity (33% and 50% relative density reduction) and timing of entry (no delay, 5-year delay, 10-year delay) on (i) maximum net present value (NPV), (ii) timing of maximum NPV, and (iii) the effect of three harvesting systems (cut-to-length, whole-tree, hybrid systems) on maximum NPV. A regional growth and yield model was used to project individual-tree growth and mortality into the future. Harvest costs for the harvesting systems were estimated using regional cycle-time equations. No difference was found in maximum NPV between the CT and non-CT areas or the timing of CT entry. Stand age at time of maximum NPV differed between delays but not between the two removal intensities. Our results indicate that there is no economic benefit in delaying a CT or removing more volume at the time of thinning for the range of stand conditions evaluated.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN KECAP ANEKA GUNA DI KOTA LANGSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Januari Frizki Bella
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Adapun tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha industri pengolahan kecap Aneka Guna apabila dilihat dari segi kelayakan finansial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di Kota Langsa dengan pertimbangan bahwa lokasi tersebut merupakan daerah yang terdapat industri pengolahan kecap asin dan mudah di jangkau oleh penulis. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni - Oktober 2014. Tenaga kerja yang digunakan berjumlah 27 orang, 20 tenaga kerja pria dan 7 orang tenaga kerja wanita. Jumlah penggunaan tenaga kerja selama 5 tahun sebesar 3759 HKP. Total biaya produksi yang dikeluarkan oleh pengusaha dalam usaha pembuatan kecap didaerah penelitian selama 5 tahun adalah Rp. 2.076.988.000,-. Pendapatan kotor yang diperoleh pengusaha sebesar Rp. 8.199.690.000,- dan pendapan bersih yang diperoleh sebesar Rp. 6.122.702.000,-                 Kota Langsa hanya memiliki 1 pengusaha pengolahan kecap asin dan dijadikan sebagai pengusaha sampel yaitu usaha industri pengolahan kecap asin Aneka Guna. Hasil perhitungan di peroleh Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp. 263.281.290 (lebih besar dari nol), sedangkan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 84% lebih besar dari tingkat bunga yang berlaku (D.F. = 18%), sedangkan Net B/C Ratio sebesar 3,27 (lebih dari pada 1) dan Pay Back Priod (PBP) 1 Tahun 6 Bulan (lebih kecil dari umur ekonomis).  

EVALUASI TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PELAYANAN ASET DI KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Novdin M Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstrak: Pengelolaan sampah di Kota Pematangsiantar masih bertumpu pada pendekatan akhir (kumpul-angkut-buang), dengan tingkat pelayanan yang rendah, sehingga untuk meningkatkan pelayanan sampah, perlu dilakukan pemilahan di tempat penampungan sementara (TPS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan melakukan pemilihan di TPS dapat meningkatkan pelayanan aset persampahan sampai tahun  2015 secara teknis operasional dan dari aspek keuangan. Analisa teknis operasional aset pengelolaan sampah mulai dari pewadahan, pengumpulan dan pengangkutan sedangkan analisa keuangan dan analisa kelayakan menggunakan Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Benefit/Cost Ratio, dan Payback Period. Dari hasil analisa tersebut diperoleh suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah dengan pemilihan di TPS berdasarkan zona pelayanan dengan skala prioritas secara bertahap daritahun 2013-2017, dapat meningkatkan cakupan pelayanan sampah eksisting rata-rata 6,69 %, cakupan pelayanan TPS eksisting rata-rata 8,29 %, dan cakupan pelayanan truk pengangkut sampah eksisting rata-rata 12,03 %. Investasinya layak, diperoleh Net Cashflow pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp 1.720.242.284,-, NPV suku bunga 15 % bernilai positif, IRR > MARR 15 %,  B/C Ratio > 1, dan PP 4,7 tahun, lebih pendek dari periode investasi 10 tahun. Dari Metode penelitian ini maka pengumpulan data, observasi lapangan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan sampah dengan sampel 4 TPS perumahan yang terlayani pengangkutan.

KELAYAKAN USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN MENGGUNAKAN JARING INSANG (GILL NET) DI WADUK JATIGEDE KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Wahyu Setiawan ◽  
Atikah Nurhayati ◽  
Titin Herawati ◽  
Asep Agus Handaka
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Business Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Profit Value

Gill net is one of the fishing gear used by Jatigede Reservoir fisherman. The purpose of this research is to analyzed the feasibility of fish catching business with gill net in Jatigede Reservoir. This research was conducted by used data collection method (observation, questioner, literature study) and method of data analysis (feasibility business analysis). The benefits of this research is expected to be informations and references for the research who will expand a fishing business with gill net at Jatigede Reservoir. The result of feasibility of fish catching business with gill net at Jatigede Reservoir is profit value Rp. 70.890.000, Break Event Point price and production (all species of fish) Rp. 4.154/kg and 2.136kg in a year, Benefit Cost Ratio 3,37, Payback Period 2 months and Net Present Value >1 Rp. 52.820.243, the fish catching business using gill net at Jatigede Reservoir is feasible to be developed.

PENINGKATAN KINERJA SIMPANG MELALUI MANAJEMEN HAMBATAN SAMPING DAN PENGATURAN ARUS LALU LINTAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Rama Dwi Aryandi ◽  
Ari Sandhyavitri ◽  
Reni Suryanita
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pelayanan simpang berdasarkan data lalu lintas simpang tersebut apakah derajat jenuhnya sudah melewati ambang batas DS = 0,75, jika nilai DS>0,75, akan dikaji penerapan beberapa alternatif penanganan untuk meningkatkan tingkat pelayanan simpang, untuk kemudian dipilih lagi alternatif terbaik untuk jangka pendek, menengah dan panjang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode traffic counting, sedangkan untuk pengkajian alternatif penanganan simpang secara teknik menggunakan metode MKJI 1997, secara ekonomi menggunakan metode LAPI ITB, analisa nilai waktu dengan nilai waktu hasil penelitian Dirjen Bina Marga dan analisa biaya investasi dengan analisa Benefit Cost Ratio dan Net Present Value.  Dari tiga alternatif manajemen lalu lintas yang diajukan, hanya alternatif ke-3 yaitu kombinasi peniadaan hambatan samping, pelarangan belok kiri dan optimasi traffic light  yang menghasilkan nilai DS<0,75 untuk kondisi eksisting, sedangkan untuk tahun 2020 nilai DS-nya adalah 0,79 untuk Hari Selasa dan 0,83 untuk Hari Rabu. Sedangkan dengan alternatif pembangunan flyover, untuk jangka pendek atau 5 tahun nilai BCR dan NPV-nya 1,25 dan 48,9 milyar rupiah, tahun ke-10  2,29 dan 256,4 milyar rupiah, serta tahun ke-15 3,35 dan 472,19 milyar rupiah, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembangunan flyover adalah solusi penanganan terbaik untuk menignkatkan kinerja Simpang Pasar Pagi Arengka.

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