Contrôle des impacts du camping en milieu forestier

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Ruel ◽  
Marius Pineau ◽  
Louis Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Ground Flora ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Monitoring Treatment ◽  
Cover Density ◽  
Recreation Impact

Much of the deterioration observed on many campgrounds in forested areas is closely linked to the presence of the camper. Thus, ground flora cover and composition, forest cover density and vigour, soil density and permeability are affected. Appropriate actions could be taken to reduce undesirable alterations: proper site selection, concentration of the utilization, deterioration monitoring, treatment of the vegetation and modification of the camper's behaviour. Key words: camping; recreation, impact.

scholarly journals Contributing Factors to Forest Loss in Conterminous U.S. for the 1990s and 2000s

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Giorgos Mountrakis ◽  
◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
The South ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Forested Areas

While numerous studies have considered forest loss factors at local scales, there is a gap of comparative quantitative regional modeling at the U.S. national level. Here, we investigated statistical relationships between gross forest cover loss (GFCL) and numerous socioeconomic, biophysical and ownership variables between two decades, the 1990s and the 2000s. A spatial error model was employed to compensate for spatial autocorrelation effects. Models from the 2000s had stronger explanatory power than the 1990s models, especially in the Northeast and the South (R<sup>2</sup> of 0.89 and 0.87 respectively). The amount of forested areas in low slopes was a highly influential factor for high GFCL, followed by urban area cover and mill density. On the other hand, agricultural cover was negatively correlated with GFCL acting as a stabilizing factor in the South and Midwest regions. Our study offers an important insight in regional drivers of GFCL, drivers that should be further examined in the local context to gather better understanding of their contributions.

scholarly journals Mapping Landslide Prediction through a GIS-Based Model: A Case Study in a Catchment in Southern Italy

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Federico Valerio Moresi ◽  
Mauro Maesano ◽  
Alessio Collalti ◽  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
Giorgio Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Infinite Slope ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Root Strength ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Forest Mountain

Shallow landslides are an increasing concern in Italy and worldwide because of the frequent association with vegetation management. As vegetation cover plays a fundamental role in slope stability, we developed a GIS-based model to evaluate the influence of plant roots on slope safety, and also included a landslide susceptibility map. The GIS-based model, 4SLIDE, is a physically based predictor for shallow landslides that combines geological, topographical, and hydrogeological data. The 4SLIDE combines the infinite slope model, TOPMODEL (for the estimation of the saturated water level), and a vegetation root strength model, which facilitates prediction of locations that are more susceptible for shallow landslides as a function of forest cover. The aim is to define the spatial distribution of Factor of Safety (FS) in steep-forested areas. The GIS-based model 4SLIDE was tested in a forest mountain watershed located in the Sila Greca (Cosenza, Calabria, South Italy) where almost 93% of the area is covered by forest. The sensitive ROC analysis (Receiver Operating Characteristic) indicates that the model has good predictive capability in identifying the areas sensitive to shallow landslides. The localization of areas at risk of landslides plays an important role in land management activities because landslides are among the most costly and dangerous hazards.

scholarly journals Space-toponymical features of forests of Kirovohrad region of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Аndriy Domaranskiy ◽  
Yelyzaveta Мilenina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Generalized Information ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The article contains a brief history of toponymical research in Ukraine. The reasons of the growing relevance of the question of space-toponymical inventory of forests in general and particularly in Kirovograd region are analysed and systematised in the article. The main toponymical research areas and the bibliography have been considered. The special attention is focused on the features of Kirovohrad region toponymy study. The problems of toponymical and spatial research of Kirovohrad region forests features are analysed. The methodology of carrying out space-toponymical inventory of forests was submitted. The different age’s maps and specialized cartographic works were investigated in details for gathering information discovering quantitative and qualitative changes in the system of drymonyms in research region. A large amount of lost and changed place names of wooded areas was restored. The obtained database of drymonyms has been analysed for detecting changed, varied and dual wood names and also saved authentic toponyms. The research data were presented in the detailed statistics on forests of Kirovohrad region and their names. The main space-toponymical features and trends of forested areas in Kirovohrad region were identified. The schematic map, that contains generalized information about spatial distribution of Kirovohrad region forests, there real outlines (by the moment of creating the map) and there toponyms – authentic and changed with references to information sources, was signed. Key words: space-toponymical features of forests, space-toponymical inventory of forests, toponymy, toponymic, drymonyms, toponyms, forested areas, forests of Kirovohrad region.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological characteristics of restoration with tree plants in the conditions of the Steppe Pridniprovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
L. V. Dotsenko ◽  
N. V. Voroshylova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Succession Series

The change of forest cover in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast within the framework of the concept of agroforestry reclamation development in Ukraine was investigated. It was established that the forested area in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast is currently about 5%, which does not correspond to the optimal level of forest cover for this area, which is determined at 8%. The increase of forested areas within the surveyed territory was observed because of the two such processes, as reforestation and afforestation. In recent years, these processes have shown a steady downward trend in the number of forested areas. Succession series can be fundamentally different in the reproduction of forest plantations due to reforestation and afforestation. During reforestation, the succession series will be much slower, but it will be able to reach climax stage can due to the fact that the plantations will include indigenous plant species. When fast-growing species will be selected during afforestation, plantations will develop more rapidly, but will be much less stable and need constant care. Thus, the processes of forest plantations development in the Dnipropetrovsk region need significant processing and intensification. Until recently, there was no doubt about the beneficial effects of forest vegetation on air quality.  A large number of wood species can not only emit volatiles, but also absorb in their biomass a significant amount of toxic elements, such as heavy metals, radionuclides and others.  However, recently, due to the large anthropogenic and man-made load on the atmosphere (industrial emissions, transport, pesticides, herbicides, etc.), the process of so-called secondary air pollution has been observed.  This is manifested as follows – woody vegetation absorbs toxic substances, processes them into even more toxic and releases them into the air. Significant impact of forests is also observed on the stability of systems.  It is known that the higher the species diversity – the lower the dominance index, and the more stable the system.  The introduction of new species of woody plants, and behind them new species of fauna increases the diversity of the ecosystem, which is undoubtedly favorable.  But on the other hand, this leads to the extinction of typical steppe species, for example, in forest biogeocenoses live a large number of small predators, and most species of steppe birds nesting on the ground can be easily destroyed by them. Forest vegetation significantly changes the landscape.  Any woody plants in the steppe create an ecotone, ie the zone of contact of different habitats, which increases the species diversity and, in general, alpha diversity of the territory and, consequently, increases its resistance to anthropogenic and man-made loads.  On the other hand, it contributes to the even more intensive disappearance of zonal steppe landscapes, of which there are very few left in the Dnipropetrovsk region due to high population density and a high degree of agricultural development. Forest plantations in the region can be created in two fundamentally different forms – forest belts and forests.  It is clear that the creation of forest belts will be timed to the massifs of agricultural land as their main function is to create an optimal microclimate.  The creation of forests, first of all, should be aimed at increasing and maintaining species diversity, secondly, it will undoubtedly expand the recreational potential of the region, which is currently clearly insufficient. Currently, when creating any of these types of plantations, there are serious environmental miscalculations.  First of all, it is the creation of plantations from allochthonous, that is, from the very beginning species not peculiar to this territory.  As a rule, it is a pine or an acacia white.  These unpretentious breeds grow quite quickly, well acclimatized, which, of course, makes their use more cost-effective and attractive.  But on the other hand, the plantations created from them are much less long-lived than, for example, oak groves typical for this region and, unlike them, require constant care, because they are practically unable to reach menopause.

scholarly journals Wolf, Canis lupus, Den Site Selection in the Rocky Mountains

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Trapp ◽  
Paul Beier ◽  
Curt Mack ◽  
David R. Parsons ◽  
Paul C. Paquet
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Den Site Selection

Because mortality of Wolves, Canis lupus, is highest during the first six months of life, den site selection may affect reproductive success of Wolf populations. We studied fine-scale denning habitat selection (within 100 m of den site) by comparing field-measured characteristics of 22 dens in Idaho, Montana, and Alberta with 22 paired random contrast locations within pack home ranges. In order of importance, Wolves denned in areas with greater canopy cover, hiding cover, herbaceous ground cover, and woody debris, and were closer to water than paired random sites. Thus Wolves may select den sites for physical protection and available water. We also studied coarse-scale denning habitat selection by comparing 35 Wolf dens with 35 paired contrast locations in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming with respect to six remotely-sensed variables (elevation, slope, coniferous forest cover, solar radiation, distance to water, and distance to roads). Although these variables did not differ (univariate P > 0.10) between den and contrast locations, a Mahalanobis-distance model using four remotely-sensed variables (slope, elevation, coniferous forest cover, and solar radiation) suggested > 85% of dens would occur in potential denning habitat occupying < 12% of the Wolf recovery areas in the northern Rocky Mountains. This model may be useful for identifying likely den locations in areas not yet occupied by Wolves. Wolf core use areas, including den areas, showed higher intensity of use throughout the year when compared to the entire territory.

scholarly journals Complexity of the Socio-Ecological Dynamics in Hong Ha Commune in the Vietnamese Highland—A Review through the Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6232
Author(s):  
Holger Schäfer ◽  
Takaaki Miyaguchi ◽  
Miki Yoshizumi ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Tung
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Ecological Dynamics ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Local Livelihood ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Systems Framework

In Vietnam, government policies have led to improvements in the national forest cover and poverty situation. However, numerous recent case studies in the Vietnamese highland found that socio-ecological dynamics were highly complex on a local scale, resulting in unintended policy impacts and varying policy success among regions. While such complexity has become apparent, it has been difficult to understand and compare between regions, as assessment methods and targeted aspects of socio-ecological dynamics differed between case studies. In this review, complex socio-ecological dynamics in Hong Ha Commune in Thua Thien Hue Province were identified in published case studies and organized into complexity features based on the coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework, to make information more accessible and comparable under the widely applied framework. All complexity features of CHANS systems were identified in the reviewed literature, such as feedback loops (between illegal forest use and flood damage), heterogeneity (in incomes between Kinh people and ethnic minorities), and telecoupling (of the local livelihood through tourism). Based on its applicability to Hong Ha Commune, the CHANS framework is suggested to be applied in other forested areas of the Vietnamese highland to understand and compare complex socio-ecological dynamics and evaluate policy impacts.

scholarly journals Land development pressure on peri-urban forests: A case study in the Regional Municipality of York

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Puric-Mladenovic ◽  
W. A. Kenney ◽  
F. Csillag
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Land Development ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Key Words Development

Forests patches and forest fragmentation were quantified for seven area municipalities within the Regional Municipality of York for the period from 1975 to 1988. This quantification made it possible to determine the extent of forest changes in space and time. In 1988, forest cover shrank to 30%–50% of its 1975 extent. At the same time, the number of forest patches doubled or tripled and mean patch size and the area of interior (based on a 100 m wide edge) declined indicating a high rate of forest fragmentation. Key words: development, fragmentation, remote sensing, forest

scholarly journals Resource extraction and infrastructure threaten forest cover and community rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. 13164-13173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Bebbington ◽  
Denise Humphreys Bebbington ◽  
Laura Aileen Sauls ◽  
John Rogan ◽  
Sumali Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Potential Resource

Mineral and hydrocarbon extraction and infrastructure are increasingly significant drivers of forest loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and threats to the rights of forest communities in forested areas of Amazonia, Indonesia, and Mesoamerica. Projected investments in these sectors suggest that future threats to forests and rights are substantial, particularly because resource extraction and infrastructure reinforce each other and enable population movements and agricultural expansion further into the forest. In each region, governments have made framework policy commitments to national and cross-border infrastructure integration, increased energy production, and growth strategies based on further exploitation of natural resources. This reflects political settlements among national elites that endorse resource extraction as a pathway toward development. Regulations that protect forests, indigenous and rural peoples’ lands, and conservation areas are being rolled back or are under threat. Small-scale gold mining has intensified in specific locations and also has become a driver of deforestation and degradation. Forest dwellers’ perceptions of insecurity have increased, as have documented homicides of environmental activists. To explain the relationships among extraction, infrastructure, and forests, this paper combines a geospatial analysis of forest loss overlapped with areas of potential resource extraction, interviews with key informants, and feedback from stakeholder workshops. The increasing significance of resource extraction and associated infrastructure as drivers of forest loss and rights violations merits greater attention in the empirical analyses and conceptual frameworks of Sustainability Science.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Long Term High Andean Forest Dynamics Using Historical Aerial Imagery: A Case Study in Colombia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariasole Calbi ◽  
Nicola Clerici ◽  
Thomas Borsch ◽  
Grischa Brokamp
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Core Habitat ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Forested Areas

High Andean forests are biodiversity hotspots that also play key roles in the provisioning of vital ecosystem services for neighboring cities. In past centuries, the hinterland of Andean fast-growing cities often experienced a dramatic decline in forested areas, but there are reports that forest cover has been recovering recently. We analyzed aerial imagery spanning the years 1940 to 2007 from nine administrative localities in the Eastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia in order to elucidate precise patterns of forest vegetation change. To this aim, we performed image object-based classification by means of texture analysis and image segmentation. We then derived connectivity metrics to investigate whether forest cover trajectories showed an increase or decrease in fragmentation and landscape degradation. We observed a forest cover recovery in all the examined localities, except one. In general, forest recovery was accompanied by an increase in core habitat areas. The time scale of the positive trends identified partially coincides with the creation of protected areas in the region, which very likely furthered the recovery of forest patches. This study unveils the long-term dynamics of peri-urban high Andean forest cover, providing valuable information on historical vegetation changes in a highly dynamic landscape.

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