scholarly journals Principles Used in Selecting Tree Species for Regeneration of Forest Sites in Southwestern British Columbia

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klinka ◽  
M. C. Feller
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

Selecting the best tree species for reforesting a forest site is a critical decision in forest management. Ideally, this decision requires that the ecological characteristics of forest trees, sites and ecosystems are known, and that the intent, goal, strategy and objective of forest management are defined. This knowledge can then be used to develop criteria for selecting the most suitable tree species or combination of tree species for a given site. The criteria used in the tree species selection guidelines for southwestern British Columbia are: maximum sustainable productivity, crop reliability and silvicultural feasibility.

scholarly journals The composition and diversity of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps under different intensities of forest disturbance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maame Esi Hammond ◽  
Radek Pokorný ◽  
Daniel Okae-Anti ◽  
Augustine Gyedu ◽  
Irene Otwuwa Obeng
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Disturbed Forest

AbstractThe positive ecological interaction between gap formation and natural regeneration has been examined but little research has been carried out on the effects of gaps on natural regeneration in forests under different intensities of disturbance. This study evaluates the composition, diversity, regeneration density and abundance of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps in undisturbed, intermittently disturbed, and disturbed forest sites. Bia Tano Forest Reserve in Ghana was the study area and three gaps each were selected in the three forest site categories. Ten circular subsampling areas of 1 m2 were delineated at 2 m spacing along north, south, east, and west transects within individual gaps. Data on natural regeneration < 350 cm height were gathered. The results show that the intensity of disturbance was disproportional to gap size. Species diversity differed significantly between undisturbed and disturbed sites and, also between intermittently disturbed and disturbed sites for Simpson’s (1-D), Equitability (J), and Berger–Parker (B–P) indices. However, there was no significant difference among forest sites for Shannon diversity (H) and Margalef richness (MI) indices. Tree species composition on the sites differed. Regeneration density on the disturbed site was significantly higher than on the two other sites. Greater abundance and density of shade-dependent species on all sites identified them as opportunistic replacements of gap-dependent pioneers. Pioneer species giving way to shade tolerant species is a natural process, thus make them worst variant in gap regeneration.

scholarly journals Stand Structure, Productivity and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Oak Dominated Forests in Kumaun Himalaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-476
Author(s):  
Bijendra Lal ◽  
L.S. Lodhiyal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora

Present study deals with stand structure, biomass, productivity and carbon sequestration in oak dominated forests mixed with other broad leaved tree species. The sites of studied forests were located in Nainital region between 29058’ N lat. and 79028’ E long at 1500-2150 m elevation. Tree density of forests ranged from 980-1100 ind.ha-1. Of this, oak trees shared 69-97%. The basal area of trees was 31.81 to 63.93 m2 ha-1. R. arboreum and Q. floribunda shared maximum basal area 16.45 and 16.32 m2 ha-1, respectively in forest site-1 and 2 while Quercus leucotrichophora shared maximum (35.69 m2 ha-1) in site-3. The biomass and primary productivity of tree species ranged from 481-569 t ha-1 and 16.9-20.9 t ha-1yr-1, respectively. Of this, biomass and primary productivity of oak tree species accounted for 81 to 95 and 78 to 98%, respectively. Carbon stock and carbon sequestration ranged from 228 to 270 t ha-1 and 8.0 to 9.9 t ha-1yr-1, respectively. The share of oak tree species ranged from 81 to 94.7 and 79 to 97%, respectively. The diversity of tree species ranged from 0.03 to 0.16 in forest sites-1, 2 and 3. The diversity of oak species was 0.08-0.16 in all the forest sites. Thus it is concluded that among the oak tree species, Quercus floribunda and Quercus leucotrichophora were highly dominated in the studied forests. The climax form of oak dominated trees in the studied forest sites depicted slightly lower richness and diversity of tree species compared to the forests in the region and elsewhere. As far as dry matter and carbon of forests is concerned, these estimates are close to the earlier reports of forests in the region. Therefore, studied forests have the potential to increase the diversity, productivity and carbon sequestration of forest tree species by providing the adequate scientific conservation and management inputs.

Forest reproduction methods for coastal British Columbia: Principles, criteria, and a stand selection guide

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klinka ◽  
G. J. Kayahara ◽  
R. E. Carter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Reproduction Method ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

Once a decision to regenerate a particular stand is made at the forest level, a forester has to make critical decisions at the stand level as to the choice of cutting method for existing stands to regenerate the desired species and develop a stand of the desired structure. Two related critical decisions in stand-level forest management are (1) selecting the best tree species to regenerate on a given site, and (2) selecting the appropriate method of cutting existing stands for both the regeneration of the desired species within a certain time and for maintaining or developing the desired stand structure. This paper discusses the management factors and principles and criteria for choosing a cutting method to meet decision (2) (i.e., the reproduction method). The four criteria used to guide the appropriate reproduction method are (1) maximum sustainable forest productivity, (2) stand reliability, (3) silvicultural feasibility, and (4) harvesting feasibility. With these criteria in mind, a stand-level guide devised for coastal British Columbia is proposed. This guide is in the form of a dichotomous key and is based on 13 selected ecological, stand, and management factors. Combining this approach with principles, criteria and guidelines for tree species selection already practiced, regeneration and management objectives can be achieved both on a species-and site-specific basis. Key words: forest reproduction methods, decision support systems, silvicultural prescriptions, harvesting methods, stand regeneration, stand structure

scholarly journals The cost of risk management and multifunctionality in forestry: a simulation approach for a case study area in Southeast Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Friedrich ◽  
Torben Hilmers ◽  
Claudia Chreptun ◽  
Elizabeth Gosling ◽  
Isabelle Jarisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
The Cost

AbstractForest management faces growing uncertainty concerning environmental conditions and demand for ecosystem services. To help forest managers consider uncertainty, we applied a robust and multi-criteria approach to select the optimal composition of a forest enterprise from 12 stand types. In our simulation, the forest enterprise strives for either financial return or a multi-criteria forest management considering financial return, carbon storage and forest ecosystem stability. To quantify the influence of climate change on these decision criteria, we used the concept of analogous climate zones. Our results provide recommendations for long-term strategies for tree species selection in a Southeast German forest enterprise. The results show that considering both uncertainty and multifunctionality in forest management led to more diversified forest compositions. However, robust and multi-criteria optimisation required the forest enterprise to pay a premium in terms of lower income. Financial returns decreased when forest composition accounted for uncertainty or multiple objectives. We also found that adaptation measures could only partly financially compensate the effects of climate change. As the study is limited to two tree species, including additional tree species, variants of mixing proportions and further silvicultural strategies in the optimisation appears a promising avenue for future research.

The influence of overstorey Populus on epiphytic lichens in subboreal spruce forests of British Columbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Campbell ◽  
Gary E. Bradfield ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
Arthur L. Fredeen
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
East Central ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Manganese Availability ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Site Types

The composition and abundance of lichen communities on conifer saplings beneath five overstorey tree species were compared at three subboreal forest site types in east-central British Columbia. Site-level differences in lichen communities were attributed to different levels of moisture and light limitations in the understorey. At sites with adequate moisture and light, cyanolichens were uniformly abundant and species rich on conifer saplings beneath different understorey species. However, at sites with moisture or light limitations, cyanolichens were more abundant and species rich on conifer saplings beneath overstorey Populus than on saplings beneath other overstorey tree species. Cyanolichen communities also showed greater species richness on conifer saplings beneath the Populus canopy than on the trunk of Populus itself. Differences in calcium, phosphorus, molybdenum, and manganese availability in throughfall precipitation failed to explain much of the variation in lichen community structure. These results suggest that Populus can facilitate cyanolichens under sub optimal moisture or light conditions by providing some, as yet unknown, factor that is critical to their establishment and growth.

How Are Managers Making Tree Species Selection Decisions in the Pacific Northwest of the United States?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Joshua Petter ◽  
Paul Ries ◽  
Ashley D’Antonio ◽  
Ryan Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Urban Forest Management

Trees provide an array of social, economic, and ecological benefits; furthermore, trees on public land are critical for providing those benefits to people who cannot afford their own trees. It is important to know how managers make trade-offs and prioritize different tree selection criteria in order to target educational campaigns at the state or regional level. Primary contacts for Tree City USA designated cities were surveyed across the Pacific Northwest. Of these municipalities, 79 out of 151 responded (52.3% response rate), with 6 municipalities providing responses from different departments for a total of 85 responses. Currently, there are primarily descriptive statistics in relation to tree species selection. This study provides a framework for future statistical analysis and greater exploration of how municipalities and managers are selecting tree species. Results were analyzed with a Mann-Whitney U test to compare International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certified Arborists® to those who are not certified across various tree species selection criteria. Another Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare small (≤ 50,000) and large (> 50,000) municipalities across the same criteria. ISA Certified Arborists® showed statistically significant differences from those who are not certified in a number of tree species selection criteria. ISA Certified Arborists® also differed in urban forest management on a city-wide scale, particularly in favoring greater tree species diversity. The differences in urban forest management between ISA Certified Arborists® and noncertified—and between municipality sizes—can help to influence future educational campaigns targeted toward increasing urban forest health and resiliency.

Butt rot incidence, causal fungi, and related yield loss in Picea abies stands of Latvia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2337-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Arhipova ◽  
T. Gaitnieks ◽  
J. Donis ◽  
J. Stenlid ◽  
R. Vasaitis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Site Types

Root and butt rot is the most destructive disease of conifers in the Northern Hemisphere, but little is known about the dynamics of yield loss in stands of different ages, site types, and species composition. This study aimed to estimate butt rot incidence, causal fungi, and related wood yield loss in Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. stands in Latvia. A total of 24 745 stumps were examined on 318 forest sites, and 21.8% of them contained rot. There was a positive correlation between stand age and butt rot frequency. Proportion of other tree species in a stand had no influence on incidence of the rot, but significant differences were observed among different forest site types. The length of decay columns in 114 stems analysed was 6.6 ± 2.6 m on average. Based on the observed butt rot frequencies in Latvian P. abies stands of different age classes, volumes of decay-degraded wood in a fully stocked stand would comprise about 19.7 m3·ha–1 at the age of 40 years, 57.4 m3·ha–1 at 60 years, 54.9 m3·ha–1 at 80 years, 63.1 m3·ha–1 at 100 years, and 91.8 m3·ha–1 at 120 years, corresponding to 6%–16% of a total standing volume.

scholarly journals Klimawandel als waldbauliche Herausforderung | Climate change as a challenge for silviculture

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (10) ◽  
pp. 362-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Brang ◽  
Harald Bugmann ◽  
Anton Bürgi ◽  
Urs Mühlethaler ◽  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Silvicultural System

Climate change is about to change many site factors relevant for forest dynamics, and is therefore posing a great challenge for silviculture. We review the options for addressing this challenge and provide recommendations. In general, forest management should aim at increasing the adaptive capacity of the forests, enhancing their resistance to disturbance, and at reducing negative impacts of increased disturbances on forest products and services. The key to coping with climate change lies in enhancing the proportion of tree species adapted to future climate, and, in response to the uncertainties associated, in promoting the diversity of tree species and provenances. Additionally, fostering diversity in forest structure is likely to reduce risks and secure forest products and services. Strategic silvicultural options include mapping the sensitivity of sites and stands to climate change, adapting the target species compositions and choosing an appropriate silvicultural system. At an operational level, silvicultural options to increase tree species diversity include artificial regeneration, tending young stands, regeneration cuts and the reduction of ungulate impact. Other options are the premature final felling of stands and wildfire prevention. As the site conditions are undergoing change, the two cornerstones of close-to-nature silviculture “species selection based on (current) site conditions” and “preference for natural regeneration”, need revision. A flexible approach to forest management is advocated since the reactions of the forest to climate change cannot be accurately predicted.

scholarly journals Methodology for establishing the degree of naturalness of forest stands

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Macků
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Tree ◽  
Potential Vegetation

Forest stands naturalness degree represents the real tree species composition comparison with the tree species on natural vegetation level – It means forest typology units. The natural tree species composition is derived from Typological System of UHUL (Forest Management Institute). The degree of naturalness of forests is one of the attributes for the assessment of the ecological stability of forests, whilst the broader basis for analysis of sustainable development of the territory.The real tree species composition comes from the forest management planes database and the natural potential vegetation one from typological sites units (forest site complex). Forests types complex is a higher unit of this system hierarchy. The solution based on comparison of the real species composition with natural potential vegetation, e.g. forest stands naturalness degree, is to be used in the ecosystem platform way. The preparation of entry data, e.g. allocation of structured stand type code to the real and natural species composition precedes the analysis itself. Then follows the tree species index calculation which means the final sum of tree index present and any absent species. This index presents the difference between the real tree condition and the model one. It is used entirely original concept algorithm of structured stand types.This algorithm allows for the application computer technology and process so the range from forest stand group of up to the large territory (CZ).The naturalness degree classification is defined on 0–6 levels, from zero degree for introduced species, 3rd degree for cultural forests, to 6th degree for those with natural tree composition. The limited criterion is the stand naturalness degree which should be on 4th level and above. This method is for 15 years of application not only in the works of forestry sites typology completely worked.

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