Timing of Spacing Operations in Young Balsam Fir Stands

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Piene
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Cape Breton

Manual spacing, and corridor spacing in combination with hand spacing are recommended to increase volume growth in dense young balsam fir stands on the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Optimum time of spacing ranges from approximately release age 7 in a stand with 40 000 stems/ha to 12 in a stand with 10 000 stems/ha.

CHANGES IN SPRUCE BUDWORM DEFOLIATION WITH CROWN LEVEL

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Piene
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
The Common

AbstractDetailed estimates of defoliation caused by spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] over the crown length of young balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] were made throughout a spruce budworm outbreak from 1976 to 1984 in the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. The results show no clear tendency for a particular level of the crown to be damaged more heavily than any other. Thus, there is no reason to continue the common practice of taking samples from the mid-crown level on the assumption that they represent an ‘average’ level of defoliation either for high or low populations. Sampling from the bottom of the crown should provide a more convenient and cost-effective approach for estimating defoliation.

Electrical resistance and capacitance measurements on young, spaced and unspaced, defoliated and protected, balsam fir trees

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Piene ◽  
D. S. Fensom ◽  
J. E. McIsaac ◽  
R. G. Thompson ◽  
K. G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Capacitance Measurements ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Foliar Biomass

Electrical resistance and capacitance were measured in 1981 and 1982 on 25- to 30-year-old spaced and unspaced, defoliated and protected balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) trees on the Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia. Significantly higher average electrical resistance readings were observed for the spaced and unspaced, defoliated trees than for the comparable protected trees. With one exception, the average capacitance was significantly lower in defoliated compared with protected trees. In general, for both the defoliated and protected trees, decreases in average electrical resistance were associated with increases in foliar biomass. Caution has to be taken when monitoring electrical properties in the field because of seasonal cyclic patterns, and aberrations in tissues of dying or dead trees.

Spruce budworm populations, defoliation, and changes in stand condition during an uncontrolled spruce budworm outbreak on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Ostaff ◽  
David A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Spruce Mortality ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Effects of an uncontrolled spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) outbreak in 20 mature balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) stands on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, were studied from 1976 to 1985. Spruce budworm populations were extremely high, higher than peak levels recorded for other outbreaks, and averaged over 380 third-instar larvae per square metre of foliage from 1976 to 1980. As many as 1570 third-instar larvae per square metre occurred 5 to 7 years after the start of the outbreak, resulting in complete current defoliation and back-feeding on older foliage. Stands were divided into three groups, based on the pattern of cumulative current defoliation; the sum of current annual defoliation during the outbreak was 343, 445, and 543% for these groups, equivalent to the removal of 3.5 to 5.5 age-classes of foliage. Budworm defoliation caused the death of 78, 80, and 89% of the merchantable balsam fir volume in the three groups of stands, respectively, as well as 27% of the spruce (Picea sp.) volume; another 39% of the spruce volume died as a result of spruce beetle (Dendroctonusrufipennis Kby.) activity. Fir mortality commenced 3 years after the start of the outbreak and spruce mortality 2 to 3 years later. About one-half of the total mortality occurred in the 4 years after budworm populations and defoliation returned to low levels. Tree mortality and loss of foliage opened the stands, and 4 years after the collapse of the outbreak, 4% of the surviving trees and 17% of the dead trees had blown down, whereas 60% of all trees had broken tops.

The Sydney Coalfield of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia

1894 ◽  
Vol 38 (984supp) ◽  
pp. 15724-15725
Author(s):  
Hugh Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cape Breton

Cape Breton ruby, a new Canadian gemstone discovery, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Mossman ◽  
James D. Duivenvoorden ◽  
Fenton M. Isenor
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Cape Breton Island ◽  
Cape Breton
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