White spruce limestone ecotypes

1974 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
M. J. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Parent Material

White spruce provenances from soils with limestone parent material, and non-limestone parent material were planted on calcareous and non-calcareous soils. The limestone provenances grew the most on calcareous soils: the non-limestone provenances grew the most on non-calcareous soils. Limestone ecotypes have evolved by natural selection.

EFFECTS OF VEGETATION ON PROPERTIES OF SANDY SOILS IN CENTRAL ALBERTA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. FYLES ◽  
W. B. McGILL
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Alder Forest ◽  
Profile Characteristics ◽  
Profile Development

It was hypothesized that topographic location, fire, species characteristics, and soil texture interacted to maintain stable vegetation patterns on the landscape. As a corollary, relationships would exist between specific vegetation and profile development patterns, they would not be masked by secondary succession, and they would explain the distribution of both plant communities and soil types in the landscape. This hypothesis was tested in a study of soils and vegetation at eight sites representing three forest types (pine/lichen; closed canopy jack pine; white spruce) on sand ridges near the town of Slave Lake, Alberta. Differences in profile characteristics among soils studied corresponded to differences in vegetation. Soils under white spruce and jack pine/alder forest showed evidence of greater translocation of amorphous iron and aluminum than soils under jack pine/lichen woodland. The fractionation of phosphorus among organic, Ca–, Al–, and Fe– phosphates differed between soils under the three forest types as did the development of a textural B horizon. Clay eluviation appeared to be dependent primarily on initial clay content of the parent material although a contributory influence of vegetation was suggested. Integration of processes involved in soil profile development with those controlling vegetation dynamics particularly fire behavior, appears to provide a conceptual basis for explaining the distribution of soils in the landscape of the study area. Key words: Central Alberta, vegetation, sandy soils, eluviation, phosphorus fractions, soil development, fire

Relationship of White Spruce to Lenses of Perennially Frozen Ground, Mount McKinley National Park, Alaska

ARCTIC ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Viereck
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
National Park ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Moss Layer ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Relationship Of

Reports investigations of perennially frozen mounds beneath individual trees growing in silty clay on a terrace of the McKinley River. Climate, vegetation and parent material of the spruce stand are described. The mounds, 2-4 m in diam, contain a frozen lens-shaped core. The permafrost results from lower temperatures under the trees due to less snow cover and a thicker moss layer. A proposed cycle of development and collapse of the tree mounds is outlined.

Investigation of limestone ecotypes of white spruce based on a provenance test series

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R Lesser ◽  
Marilyn Cherry ◽  
William H Parker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Limestone Bedrock

Previous laboratory and field studies have presented evidence for the existence of limestone ecotypes in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Remeasurements of the range-wide 410 series of provenance trials were used for further evaluation of the existence of these ecotypes. In 2001, heights were measured of 23 provenances grown at four test sites in Ontario, all located south of 46°N. Bedrock classification for test sites and provenances by limestone or non-limestone parent material was done using a 1993 data set of the Ontario Geological Survey. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among test sites and provenances only. No significant interactions consistent with the existence of limestone ecotypes were detected. This finding is in contrast to that of an earlier field study that detected a strong interaction between test site and provenance bedrock type (p < 0.001). Examination of the relative performance of individual provenances from limestone and non-limestone bedrock types revealed differences in performance at the four different test sites but few instances supporting the existence of limestone ecotypes. Although these more recent results generally support a pattern of between-stand variation in southern Ontario, they do not disprove the existence of limestone ecotypes, owing to the nature of the 410-series test design and the classification of provenances according to bedrock type instead of actual soil analyses.

scholarly journals The influence of the amount and the origin of calcium carbonates on the isotopically exchangeable phosphate in calcareous soils

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Talibudeen ◽  
P. Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Exchange ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Exchangeable Phosphate

The kinetics of the isotopic exchange of phosphate ions in soils with and without phosphate added in the laboratory were examined in relation to the amount and origin of the CaCO3 they contained. The isotopic exchange index, ‘Pr/Pe’, and the recovery of added phosphate were inversely proportional to carbonate content in soils containing carbonates of similar geological origin; soils from the Lower Lias showed the biggest change in Pr/Pe with carbonate content.In soils from the Cretaceous Chalk, the first-order rate of isotopic exchange of the ‘slow’ phosphate fraction was constant. It increased to a larger but constant value in the soils incubated for 6 months after adding phosphate in the laboratory. This rate constant is therefore specific to the calcium phosphates in a group of soils derived from the same calcareous parent material and with similar phosphate manuring.

scholarly journals Dark-humus soils on the updated soil map of Russian Federation scale 1 : 2.5 M

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons

The dark-humus soil type was included in the updated legend of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation at scale 1 : 2.5 M, converted to the system of Soil Classification of Russia. The soil profile starts with the dark-humus horizon gradually merging to the parent rock; any mid-profile diagnostic horizons are absent. Large areas of dark-humus soils are found in the forest-steppe, steppe and taiga zones of the European Russia, Western and Central Siberia, in the Trans-Baikal region, the Altai-Sayany Mountains, and the Caucasus. The type of dark-humus soils comprises both mesomorphic soils (of normal moisture conditions) and soils with additional surface or ground-water moisture. The main prerequisites for the formation of dark-humus soils are, on the one hand, the climatic conditions favorable for the dark-humus horizon formation, and, on the other hand, parent material - mostly derivates of hard rocks, restricting the development of mid-profile diagnostic horizons. In the updated map, the following initial legend units are partially or completely converted to dark-humus soils: several units of chernozems, dark-gray forest and gray forest non-podzolized soils, soddy-taiga base-saturated and slightly unsaturated soils, several mountain soils, a significant part of soddy-calcareous soils, as well as some mountainous forest-meadow soils. The diversity of dark-humus soils subtypes is determined by secondary carbonate features, weak signs of clay accumulation and podzolization, alteration of the mineral mass, gley and cryogenic phenomena.

scholarly journals Soil – landscape relationships in the Empordà basin (Catalonia, NE Iberian Peninsula)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Boixadera ◽  
Montserrat Antúnez ◽  
Rosa Maria Poch Claret
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Soil Landscape ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
Soil Forming Processes ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

Soils developed in representative landforms, which were previously mapped at a detailed scale in the Empordà Basin, were selected to characterize their main pedogenetic processes and to improve the soil maps through a better understanding of the soil – landscape relationships. This basin is a relatively large region (1,300 km<sup>2</sup>) in Northeastern Catalonia, where Neogene and Quaternary sediments outcrop. They are alluvial and delta fan deposits that mainly reflect a continental environment. Besides varying degrees of soil rubefaction, we can identify calcium carbonate redistribution, clay illuviation and sodication as the main soil forming processes, together with abrupt textural changes, vertic and redoximorphic features. These processes and features are expressed under different morphologies in the area, depending not only on parent material, landform and age, but also on human action, which allows us to refine the conceptual soil-landscape model. Calcium carbonate redistribution is a key process reflecting both changing general environmental conditions and local chemical soil conditions. The actual soil characteristics and the soil forming processes allow us to propose that (i) aeolian dust inputs in these soils have been low to moderate throughout, and that (ii) the rainfall pattern in the last part of the Holocene was able to remove these dust inputs, but unable to leach carbonates from medium textured, moderately calcareous soils in the area when they are some kilometres from the sea and not directly affected by the dune system.

Natural selection and "sudden death."

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
David Chiszar ◽  
Karlana Carpen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Sudden Death

The Natural Selection of Minds

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-264
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Rychlak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Selection Of
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