scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND GROWTH RATE ON DRY WOOD PRODUCTION IN PLANTATION-GROWN WHITE SPRUCE

1967 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Chang ◽  
R. W. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
Dry Wood ◽  
Improve Rate

Two hundred and thirty-two white spruce trees were sampled from 29 plots in 6 localities in southern Ontario. Specific gravities of discs cut at four-foot intervals were determined for each tree. The amount of dry wood substance contained in each tree was obtained by multiplying weighted, whole tree specific gravity by tree volume. Although specific gravity was negatively correlated with growth rate, this reduction in dry weight per unit volume was minor in relation to the increased volumes associated, with rapid growth rates.The equation using the regression of the logarithm of dry wood production on tree age was determined. Trees having dry wood production of more than 1.5 times the standard error of estimate indicated by the regression lines were selected as superior trees. The characteristics of these superior trees together with the environments in which they grew were examined. The absence of any relationship with environmental factors suggested a genetic cause of above-average wood production. Superiority of a tree was mainly due to fast radial growth rate. The prospect of designing a tree breeding program to improve rate of dry wood production is discussed.

Within-tree variation in wood production and wood quality in sycamore (Acerpseudoplatanus): its relation to crown characteristics

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Richard S. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To quantify patterns of wood formation in sycamore (Acerpseudoplatanus L.), the seasonal progress of wood production and structure was followed systematically throughout the outer growth sheath of the main stem and major branches. These data were considered in relation to the profile of leaf dry weight down through the crown in 8- and 12-year-old trees at stages before and after canopy closure, respectively. Mature fibre production was earliest towards the tips of the branches of the midcrown, and spread basipetally along the branches. In the main stem, mature fibre production was earliest at the tip and spread down the tree, taking about 10 days to reach the base of both pre- and post-canopy closure trees. In the stem, later fibre production down the tree was offset by later cessation of fibre maturation basally. Branch data suggested that the pattern of cessation may depend on the branch position, because cessation was latest at the base of the upper branches and at the tip of the lower branches. The maximum rate of fibre production was in the upper stem, several internodes higher than the internode bearing maximum leaf dry weight. Despite this, ring width increased down the stem, presumably as a result of the increased duration of fibre production and increased cell size. Within growth rings, vessel size remained nearly constant before declining sharply towards the end of the ring. Trees with narrower growth rings tended to have more of their ring occupied by declining vessel size suggesting a slight inverse relationship between ring width and specific gravity. Specific gravity increased down the outer growth sheath of the stem, and this increase was associated with systematic trends in fibre and vessel dimensions, together with changes in the relative proportions by area of the different tissues. Although some anatomical characters appeared to vary with the profile of the crown, others appeared to be independent of crown profile.

scholarly journals The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudiwidayanto Sapto Putro ◽  
Sri Nugroho Marsoem ◽  
Joko Sulistyo ◽  
Suryo Hardiwinoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract. Putro GS, Marsoem SN, Sulistyo J, Hardiwinoto S. 2020. The growth of three teak (Tectona grandis) clones and its effect on wood properties. Biodiversitas 21: 2814-2820. Various clones of superior teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) trees have recently been introduced in several land conditions. A study was conducted on three different clones of superior teak known as Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) growing in Paliyan, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Two different ages of those clones were observed their growth rate and its wood properties. Strip plot design was applied to the treatment of tree age (five and eight-year-old) and clone types (D14, F35, and F21 clones). Tree growth was measured on 300 trees, meanwhile, annual growth rate and wood properties were measured on 18 trees. The result showed that at five-year-old as well as eight-year-old, the D14 clone has the best growth performance with diameter of 14.6 ± 1.80 cm and 20.5 ± 2.54 cm and height of 9.8 ± 1.72 m and 15.2 ± 2.13 m respectively. The growth rate negatively correlated with temperature and had no significant correlation to the precipitation. Different clones and tree age significantly affect the variability of fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion. The clone of D14 produced the highest-fiber length, green specific gravity, and heartwood proportion (1.111mm; 0.50 and17.7%) at five-year-old trees and (1.156 mm; 0.54 and 49.0%) at eight-years-old.

scholarly journals THE GROWTH AND ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS BY FERTILIZED AND UNFERTILIZED WHITE SPRUCE SEEDLINGS

1966 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Growth Development

A study was made of the effects of fertilizer additions on the growth and development of white spruce seedlings during their second growing season. In terms of dry weight increment, unfertilized trees grew for only two-thirds of the total growing season available as compared with fertilized trees. The relative growth rate curve for the fertilized trees was smooth with none of the abrupt changes which marked the curve for the unfertilized trees. The pattern of height growth was changed for seedlings which were fertilized. Nutrient uptake rates particularly for phosphorus were different under the two treatments and it is suggested that these differences were related to different patterns of height growth development and root extension.

Variabilité de la densité du bois et de la production des provenances d'épinette blanche, 20 ans après plantation

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
A. Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Densité Du Bois ◽  
Forest Farm

The variability of wood specific gravity and yield of 23 white spruce provenances from the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region was studied 20 years after planting at Harrington Forest Farm, Québec. The results indicate no relationship between wood specific gravity of provenances and their respective growth performance. The southwestern section of this region showed a small decrease in wood specific gravity, but it was compensated for by a strong increase in volume growth, resulting in an important gain in dry weight productivity. The variability of white spruce wood specific gravity was split into three sources: 11% was attributed to provenance differences, 8% to provenance and repetition interaction, and the remainder to differences among trees of the same provenance and to experimental error. In a breeding program, a first selection should be made at the provenance level on the basis of volume productivity and a second selection on the basis of wood specific gravity values within the selected provenances, to maximize the overall genetic and economic gain.

Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽  
Razali Abd Kader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

Influence of tree age and growth rate on the radial resin duct system in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DeAngelis ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
J. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resin Duct

Formation of radial resin ducts and their associated secretory cells in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is influenced by the age and growth rate of the annual ring in which the ducts are formed. The spatial pattern of radial ducts on the tangential plane is nonrandom, exhibiting a regular or dispersed pattern. A significantly higher density of radial ducts was found in the inner, first-formed growth rings at all heights within the tree. Radial duct formation was found to be positively correlated with radial growth rate, when growth rate is expressed as increment of cross-sectional area growth. These findings may partially explain why older, slower growing trees tend to be more susceptible to attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and associated microorganisms, since the resin-producing system is a primary defense against these agents.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Root Decay ◽  
Forest Region

In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.

Soil carbon sequestration with forest expansion in an arctic forest–tundra landscape

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1538-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Steltzer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Forest Expansion ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Pools ◽  
Sampling Locations

Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools were measured under the canopy of 29 white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) trees and in the surrounding tundra 3 and 6 m away from each tree at three sites of recent forest expansion along the Agashashok River in northwestern Alaska. The aim was to characterize the potential for forest expansion to lead to increased soil C pools across diverse tundra types. Soil C beneath the trees correlated positively with tree age, suggesting that tree establishment has led to C storage in the soils under their canopy at a rate of 18.5 ± 4.6 g C·m–2·year–1. Soil C in the surrounding tundra did not differ from those under the trees and showed no relationship to tree age. This characterization of the soil C pools at the 3-m scale strengthens the assertion that the pattern associated with the trees is an effect of the trees, because tree age cannot explain variation among tundra sampling locations at this scale. Potential mechanisms by which these white spruce trees could increase soil C pools include greater production and lower litter quality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document