scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CHLORDANE AND THIRAM ON DAMPING-OFF AND SEEDLING GROWTH

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cockerill
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Apparent Adverse Effect

Chlordane, applied to seed beds of red pine to control white grub infestation, increased seedling mortality due to damping-off in these beds. Losses were significantly reduced when the seed was pelleted with thiram prior to sowing. Neither chlordane nor thiram, alone or in combination, had any apparent adverse effect on seedling growth, root development, or the formation of mycorrhiza.

Integrated control of Fusarium damping-off in red pine seedlings with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillusinvolutus and fungicides

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
B. E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Damping-off caused by Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht. in red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) was significantly reduced when seedlings were treated with either of two fungicides (benomyl or oxine benzoate) concomitantly with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillusinvolutus (Batsch.) Fr. compared with inoculation with P. involutus alone. Both fungicides at concentrations of 10 ppm and above significantly reduced spore germination and germ-tube length of F. oxysporuminvitro. On the other hand, invitro growth of P. involutus mycelium was not affected by the fungicides at concentrations up to 1000 ppm. The growth of P. involutus was, however, significantly reduced by the two fungicides at 5000 and 10 000 ppm. Inoculation of red pine seedlings with P. involutus was effective under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions in reducing the incidence of damping-off induced by F. oxysporum. When benomyl and oxine benzoate were applied in combination with P. involutus, seedling mortality was not observed. Oxine benzoate was phytotoxic and inhibited mycorrhiza formation by P. involutus at the recommended dose. Benomyl, on the other hand, had no inhibitory effect on seedling growth and stimulated ectomycorrhiza formation either by a naturally occurring mycorrhizal fungus or P. involutus in the greenhouse. The concept of incorporating integrated biological and chemical treatment for controlling Fusarium damping-off of red pine seedlings is suggested.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Seed Treatments

Field experiment on evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at farmers field. The nine insecticides evaluated as seed treatment against white grub infesting groundnut, the lowest per cent plant morality and number of grub/m2 was observed in treatment of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg. These treatments were produced 2329 and 2296 yield of pod, 3970 & 3780 kg/ha yield of halum, respectively. Increased in yield over control in these treatments was recorded 57.79 and 55.56 per cent in pod, 76.29 and 64.65 per cent in halum. Whereas avoidable yield loss recorded of these treatments was recorded 36.63 and 35.71 per cent in pod, 43.27 and 39.27 per cent in halum. However, the highest 1:28.32 NICRB was recorded in treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 30 ml a.i. /kg. The NICRB of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg were recorded 1:14.95 and 1:9.20, respectively. The evaluated insecticides had no adverse effect on seed germination

scholarly journals Introduction of native tree species into degraded Cerrado vegetation

Interação ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Gildomar Alves dos Santos ◽  
David Francis Robert Philip Burslem ◽  
Milton Serpa de Meira Jr ◽  
Stanislau Parreira Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

Experimental restoration using tree seedlings is a common strategy for accelerating succession on degraded post-agricultural land formerly occupied by Cerrado vegetation. Seedling growth in degraded tropical lands is constrained by various factors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the seedling growth and survival of seven native tree species used to accelerate forest recovery in a gully area with stressful environmental conditions. The experimental design involved fenced and unfenced blocks, presence and absence of fertilization and use of an adhesive to prevent ant herbivory (four treatments with four replicates). Seedlings were planted in December 2006 and collection of data on seedling basal diameter, height, mortality and herbivory started on January 24th 2007 and continued every three months, until final data collection on January 31st 2009 (9 measurement dates). Overall seedling survival was 38 % and protecting seedlings did not influence growth, but seedlings grew faster in response to the addition of fertilizer containing N, P and K. The use of the adhesive Tanglefoot to exclude leaf cutter ants had no influence on growth. Fencing reduced seedling mortality, but combining fencing with Tanglefoot did not. Nutrient availability limits seedling growth and survival in the gully. Direct planting of seedlings of native trees may accelerate succession in degraded Cerrado lands subject to interventions that overcome constraints on seedling growth and survival.

The effects of Velpar L (hexazinone) on seedling growth and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of Pinusresinosa

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
L. Chatarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Significant Recovery ◽  
Application Rates

We investigated the effects of Velpar L (hexazinone) on ectomycorrhizal (Laccarialaccata) and nonmycorrhizal Pinusresinosa seedlings in the greenhouse and in the field. In both greenhouse and field studies, seedling growth was reduced by Velpar L at 1, 2, and 4 kg/ha application rates in the short term (2 months' exposure) with significant recovery occurring afterwards. Seedling mortality occurred only with herbicide treatments and was higher in the greenhouse than in the field. The 4 kg/ha Velpar L treatment caused the highest mortality and toxicity was most pronounced in the mycorrhizal (Laccarialaccata inoculated) seedlings. In both experiments mycorrhizal infection was significantly reduced by 2 and 4 kg/ha Velpar L treatments during the 0- to 2-month and 2- to 6-month exposure periods, with significant recovery occurring in the latter. Although seedlings not infected with Laccarialaccata became mycorrhizal through unidentified indigenous species, their infection rates were also affected by Velpar L at all levels during the 0- to 2-month period and at the 2 and 4 kg/ha levels after 2–6 months of exposure to the herbicide.

Trifluralin—Systemic Insecticide Interactions on Seedling Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fred Arle
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Systemic Insecticide ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Secondary Root ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Secondary Roots

In greenhouse experiments, soil-incorporated combinations of 0,0-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)-methyl]-phosphorodithioate (phorate) or 0,0-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)-ethyl]-phosphorodithioate (disulfoton) with a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) resulted in increased cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedling growth as compared to trifluralin used alone. This result apparently was due to the greater numbers of secondary roots in the zone of incorporation. Phorate was more effective than disulfoton in overcoming the inhibitory effect of trifluralin on secondary root development. A comparison of granular and emulsifiable phorate showed no advantage for either formulation. The combination of phorate and trifluralin in a 1-inch soil core, into which seeds of cotton were planted and surrounded by trifluralin-treated soil, also increased secondary root development as compared to using trifluralin alone.

Furosemide Abuse Without Apparent Adverse Effect

JAMA ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot J. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Apparent Adverse Effect

Predicting the effects of hardwood competition on red pine seedling growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. White ◽  
Katherine J. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Highly Correlated

Pin cherry (Prunuspensylvanica L.f.) and striped maple (Acerpensylvanicum L.) are potentially important competitors of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) planted on recently clear-cut hardwood sites. By experimentally manipulating initial competitor densities on 2.0-m2 plots, we were able to quantify and compare the effects of competitor species on red pine seedlings 2 years after planting on two sites in western Maine. Various measures of competitor biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were highly correlated; thus, we used LAI to quantify competitor abundance. On the site with poorer growth for both competitors and red pine, the only red pine variable significantly correlated with competitor LAI was specific leaf area (SLA) of current needles. On the site with better growth for all species, various measures of red pine biomass as well as diameter at ground level and SLA were significantly correlated with competitor LAI. Seedling height was not significantly correlated with competitor LAI at either site. Although there were no significant differences between competitor species in terms of their effect per unit of LAI, pin cherry tended to achieve much higher LAI (and biomass) than did striped maple and thus had a greater negative impact on red pine seedling growth. We conclude that general predictions of the early effects of competition under field conditions are possible, but that the strength of the relationships may be influenced by the extent to which microsite factors and site characteristics are incorporated.

Seedling mortality of metal hyperaccumulator plants resulting from damping off by Pythium spp.

2000 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. MAJID GHADERIAN ◽  
ANTHONY J. E. LYON ◽  
ALAN J. M. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Hyperaccumulator Plants

scholarly journals Container Volume and Height Affect Shoot and Root Development in Marigold Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 868B-868
Author(s):  
Jennifer Marohnic ◽  
Robert L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
The Impact

Marigold seedlings were grown in four containers that differed in both volume and shape. Seedlings grown in 1.5-gal containers showed the greatest potential for shoot and root development 20 days after sowing. These seedlings had greater leaf area, shoot and root dry weight, and total root number and length compared to seedlings grown in 406 plug trays, 72-cell packs, or 6-inch containers. There was a positive correlation (r2 = 0.81) between cell volume and seedling growth as well as a positive correlation (r2 = 0.89) between container height with seedling growth. An attempt was made to separate the impact of container volume vs. container height on seedling growth. Containers were designed using acrylics to vary the container height while keeping the volume constant at 1500 cm3. There was a positive correlation (r2 = 0.87) between shoot and root dry weight with container height. The data suggest that both container volume and height contribute to overall seedling growth in marigold, but when container volume is not limiting, container height has a large impact on seedling development.

EXPERIMENTS ON CHEMICAL CONTROL OF DAMPING-OFF IN PINUS RESINOSA AIT.

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (12) ◽  
pp. 559-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. V. Johnson ◽  
G. M. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
One Year ◽  
Normal Rainfall

Results from a series of greenhouse and nursery experiments on the relative control of damping-off in red pine, afforded by a wide range of chemicals, brought out the following points: (1) Semesan solutions in concentrations of 1:100 to 1:150 applied as soil treatment gave consistently the best control in both greenhouse and nursery. (2) Red copper oxide suspension in concentrations of 1:250 to 1:500 applied as a soil treatment was also effective, particularly in the greenhouse. (3) Red copper oxide and zinc oxide dusts used as seed treatments gave effective control under greenhouse conditions. (4) In the greenhouse, combinations of seed and soil treatments failed to prove more effective than treatments applied separately, while under certain nursery conditions the combined treatments were significantly less effective. (5) Fungicides as a group generally proved more effective than acidifying agents such as sulphuric acid and aluminium sulphate. It appeared that the acidifying agents gave good control in seasons of normal rainfall, but were more or less ineffective in dry seasons, when relatively large quantities of slightly alkaline irrigation water were applied, or in wet seasons, when excessive percolation occurred. (6) Seedlings from two-year–old red pine seed of somewhat reduced vitality proved to be much more susceptible than those from one-year–old seed.White spruce was used in some of the preliminary experiments and proved to be much less susceptible than red pine, although very similar in response to the various treatments.

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