scholarly journals THE ORIGIN OF BASAL SCARS IN THE BRITISH COLUMBIA INTERIOR WHITE PINE TYPE

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Molnar ◽  
R. G. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Interior Region ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Associated Species

Basal scarring, a conspicuous abnormality of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) and its associated species in the Interior region of British Columbia, was found to be chiefly attributable to injury by bears, infections of Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Quél., fire, mechanical wounding, and the pole blight disease. Diagnostic characteristics, which facilitated classification of scars, even those of advanced age, were found and described. The implications of the various types of scarring are considered.

Tree species selection revisited for plantations in the Interior Cedar Hemlock zone of southern British Columbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Vyse ◽  
Michelle R. Cleary ◽  
Ian R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Western White Pine

We provide results from two trials comparing performance of species of known provenance planted on logged sites in the southern Interior Cedar Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone of southern British Columbia 20 and 26 years after establishment. The commonly used plantation species, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), interior spruce (a naturally occurring hybrid between Picea glauca and P. engelmannii) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), survived as well as, but grew more slowly than, western larch (Larix occidentalis), western white pine (Pinus monticola) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and faster than western redcedar (Thuja plicata). Site index values were generally higher than published values for similar sites. Numerous pests affected all species in the trials. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) caused heavy mortality in lodgepole pine in part of one trial, and Armillaria root disease caused widespread damage to western larch and Douglas-fir in the other trial. Western white pine from local seed sources were severely damaged by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in both trials but a rust-resistant seed source used in one trial survived better. Frost damage reduced survival and growth of Douglas-fir in one trial and may have affected western white pine. Survival of two planted broadleaves (Betula papyrifera) and a hybrid of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and black poplar (Populus nigra) was severely reduced by drought. The results support ongoing efforts to broaden the number of species used in British Columbia reforestation programs.

scholarly journals Early Height Growth of Western White Pine Provenances in British Columbia Plantations

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Meagher ◽  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
A Site

Abstract To estimate the limits of seed transfer to and within British Columbia, heights of 36 western white pine (Pinus monticola) provenances 5-13 yr after planting on 24 sites, comprising 4 studies, were analyzed for geographic patterns. Thirty-six provenances were tested, with a maximum of 17 on a site. California and Oregon sources are not recommended due to poor height growth. Percentage differences between tallest and shortest provenances varied from 16% to 31%, depending on plantation series. Washington State and Idaho sources can be used on coastal sites but are not recommended on northern-interior sites. Northern-interior provenances are recommended for local sites, especially those beyond the species' natural range. The data support establishment of separate seed orchards, one for each of the coastal and interior portions of this disjunct species. West. J. Appl. For. 13(2):47-53.

Early Comparison of an Idaho and a Coastal Source of Western White Pine on Vancouver Island

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bower
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Abstract Height and survival of 11-yr-old F2 blister-rust resistant western white pine (Pinus monticola) from Idaho was compared with a locally collected seedlot from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. There were no differences in total height or survival between the two sources. Blister-rust infection of both sources was minimal. This suggests that material from Idaho could be used as an immediate source of resistant planting stock for coastal B.C., until a blister-rust resistance breeding program is producing adequate quantities of seed in B.C. West. J. App. For. 2:20-21, Jan. 1987.

scholarly journals Operational control of white pine blister rust by removal of lower branches

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lower Branch ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Pre Treatment

Line surveys were conducted in 13 young western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) stands throughout British Columbia to determine the effectiveness of lower branch removal in controlling blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer). Uninfected trees and most trees with infected branches were protected from future stem infections. In general, effectiveness and efficiency could have been improved by (a) earlier treatment to reduce stem infections, (b) not treating trees with infected stems, (c) treating all other trees, and (d) removing infected branches above the treatment height. Some stands were spaced during treatment; however, untrained fallers failed to distinguish between healthy trees and those with infected stems. Frequently healthy trees were felled while diseased trees were left standing. A pre-treatment survey is recommended to determine the level of crew training needed and treatment prescription.

scholarly journals White Pine Blister Rust in British Columbia II. Can Stands be Hazard Rated?

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Hazard Rating

Twelve to 30-year-old western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) in 23 stands in British Columbia were surveyed for blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. ex Rab.) cankers. Canker length, mid-point diameter, and height above ground were measured. The number of cankers per tree tended to increase with tree diameter, was variable within stands, and on 15 to 20 cm diameter trees ranged from a mean of one to 14 per stand and the overall mean was four cankers per tree. Large branches bore longer cankers and tended to be higher in the tree than small branches which bore short cankers. Incidence of cankers above 2.5 m tended to increase with increasing slope and they were on the side of the tree subject to evening breezes. Based on Idaho standards all sites in British Columbia were rated as low hazard, but trees growing on slopes had a higher risk than those on flat sites.Key words:Cronartium, Pinus monticola, hazard rating

HERITABILITY AND GAIN CALCULATIONS FOR SIX-YEAR HEIGHT OF COASTAL WESTERN WHITE PINE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196
Author(s):  
R. C. BOWER ◽  
F. C. YEH
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Multistage Selection

Height growth for western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) after five growing seasons (6 yr from seed) in the forest on Vancouver Island was assessed in a progeny test of 20 wind-pollinated families in two plantations: Northwest Bay (830 m) and Cassidy (20 m). Mean height differed at the 0.1% level of significance between plantations, with the better growth at Cassidy. Family mean heights differed at the 10, 1 and 5% levels of significance at Cassidy, Northwest Bay, and combined over plantations, respectively. Family-by-plantation interaction was nonsignificant. Pooled over plantations, the heritability estimates appropriate for mass and family selection were 0.36 ± 0.20 and 0.54 ± 0.28, respectively. The expected genetic gain estimates from multistage selection are used to provide preliminary guidelines for strategies which might be employed in the improvement of height growth of western white pine in coastal British Columbia.Key words: Western white pine, height, heritability, genetic gains

scholarly journals White Pine Blister Rust in British Columbia I. The Possibilitties of Control by Branch Removal

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stem Cankers

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. ex Rab.) branch cankers on 12- to 30-year-old western white pines (Pinus monticula Dougl.) in British Columbia were measured for distance from the stem, and cankers on branches and stems were measured for height above ground. Most stem cankers originated from branch cankers within 60 cm of the stem and within 2.5 m of the ground. Trees on slopes tended to have cankers higher into the crown than those on flat sites. Removal of lower branches from young western white pines will greatly reduce the possibility of death from blister rust infection. Treatment recommendations are given for western white pine as a minor or major component of the stand. Keywords: Cronartium; Pinus monticola

Western white pine development in relation to biophysical characteristics across different spatial scales in the Coeur d'Alene River basin in northern Idaho, U.S.A.

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1109-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa B Jain ◽  
Russell T Graham ◽  
Penelope Morgan
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Coeur D'alene ◽  
Biophysical Factors ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Northern Idaho

Many studies have assessed tree development beneath canopies in forest ecosystems, but results are seldom placed within the context of broad-scale biophysical factors. Mapped landscape characteristics for three watersheds, located within the Coeur d'Alene River basin in northern Idaho, were integrated to create a spatial hierarchy reflecting biophysical factors that influence western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) development under a range of canopy openings. The hierarchy included canopy opening, landtype, geological feature, and weathering. Interactions and individual-scale contributions were identified using stepwise log–linear regression. The resulting models explained 68% of the variation for estimating western white pine basal diameter and 64% for estimating height. Interactions among spatial scales explained up to 13% of this variation and better described vegetation response than any single spatial scale. A hierarchical approach based on biophysical attributes is an excellent method for studying plant and environment interactions.

scholarly journals The Transferability of Western White Pine to and within British Columbia Based on Early Survival, Environmental Damage, and Juvenile Height

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Meagher ◽  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Late Spring Frost ◽  
Western White Pine

Abstract Survival, environmental damage, and juvenile height of 27 provenances of western white pine (Pinus monticola) in three plantation series were analyzed after 5 to 13 yr on site to assist in evaluating seed-transfer practices. Survival averaged 79.2% on nine sites in the "root-rot" series and 84.1% on six sites in the "provenance-test" series. Trends of survival on seed-source parameters differed between series, generally increasing with both elevation and latitude in the root-rot series, while generally decreasing with latitude in the provenance-test series. Analysis by seed zone (coast or interior) and plantation region (coast, southern interior, or northern interior) showed that coastal sources on interior sites caused much of these anomalies. Substantial environmental damage was found only on sites near to or beyond the species' northern limit. Differences in the trend of damage with source parameters were found between the test series: interior sources were damaged less than coastal sources on two root-rot sites, whereas interior sources were damaged more heavily than coastal sources on the provenance-test site exhibiting substantial damage. Damage increased with increasing provenance latitude and elevation in the root-rot series, while it dropped with increasing elevation in the "provenance-test" series. In general, taller seedlings in taller provenances were damaged. Coastal seed should not be used on interior sites, but transfer of seed from the BC interior to the BC coast seems safe. We recommend that the present limits for latitudinal transfer be doubled, except where late-spring-frost risk is high, and that elevational transfer of seeds for the interior zone be reduced by about half West. J. Appl. For. 14(1)41-47.

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