scholarly journals GRAFTING METHODS FOR THE DOUGLAS FIR

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
A. L. Orr-Ewing ◽  
D. C. Prideaux
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Grafting Methods

Grafting is a valuable technique for foresters interested in improving seed-quality as the inherent characteristics of selected trees can be preserved indefinitely for breeding and seed orchards. Dormant scions of the Douglas fir can be collected in the winter and early spring by either climbing or shooting off branches with a rifle. They are stored until the rootstock is in an actively growing condition and are then either grafted in a greenhouse or outside. The cleft and crown veneer graft methods have been found the most suitable for this species. The possibilities of early cone production after grafting appear promising.

Hormonal enhancement of cone production in Douglas-fir grafts and seedlings

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Puritch ◽  
Eleanor E. McMullan ◽  
Michael D. Meagher ◽  
Clarence S. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone ◽  
Pollen Cone ◽  
Production Response

Gibberellic acid (GA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were applied alone and in combination to both girdled and nongirdled branches of Douglas-fir in four seed orchards (two containing seedlings and two containing grafts). GA significantly increased seed-cone buds and cones and caused a nonsignificant increase in pollen-cone buds. Cone production was not significantly affected by girdling or the application of NAA. Trees treated with the combination of GA + NAA responded similarly to those treated with GA alone. Cone production response to GA varied according to the orchard locations, with better response in the normally more productive orchards. The percentage of trees flowering was increased by GA. Hormone treatments had no effect on seeds per cone but they significantly reduced filled seed per cone. Owing to increased cone number, however, the GA treatments greatly increased the yield of viable seed. NAA increased the percentage of seed germinating and the rate of seed germination, while GA had no effect.

Effects of Tree Spacing and Height Reduction on Cone Production in Two Douglas-Fir Seed Orchards

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Copes ◽  
Mike Bordelon
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Average Production

Abstract Two treatments involving tree spacings (12 and 24 ft) within rows spaced 24 ft apart and height control (topped or not topped at 20 ft) were evaluated in 17- and 22-yr-old coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) seed orchards. Treatment differences for cone production were not significant because of the large tree-to-tree variation in cone production and, at one orchard, the confounding of location with treatment. Cone production in 1990 averaged slightly more than 2 bushels per tree (range 0 to 11.7 bushels). Average production per 96 linear ft of orchard row was 14.8 bushels. West. J. Appl. For. 9(1):5-7.

Effect of method and time of application of nitrogen fertiliser on yield and quality of seed of creeping red fescue

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vigorous Plant ◽  
Tiller Density

Six trials were conducted on commercial seed fields of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) in the Peace region to evaluate the sensitivity of seed production to the method and time of application of N fertiliser. In each trial, 68 kg ha−1 N was applied using three methods (surface-broadcast, granular, ammonium nitrate 34-0-0; foliar/soil spray of 28-0-0 solution N; soil-injected 28-0-0 solution N) at each of three times (fall, early spring, late spring). No statistically significant (P = 0.05) interaction, or main effect, of method and time of N were revealed for seed yield, fertile tiller density or for several seed quality characteristics. Seed yield varied greatly among trials (142 to 1240 kg ha−1) and averaged 566 kg ha−1. The results indicate that there is considerable flexibility in the method and time of application of N fertiliser for seed production of creeping red fescue in the Peace region, provided it is applied before the commencement of vigorous plant growth in the spring. Key words: Creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., nitrogen fertility, grass seed production, grass seed quality

Cost of reproduction in Douglas-fir

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
Hugh J. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone

The balance between allocating energy resources to reproduction or growth has considerable theoretical interest. Conflicting ecological requirements and evolutionary pressures often necessitate a trade-off in energy allocation. We obtained measurements on seed-cone production and annual ring width of 365 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees from 29 open-pollinated families for 8 years. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations were computed for seed-cone production and ring width for each year. Five of the eight environmental correlations were negative (range −0.077 to −0.305), reflecting the reality of the trade-off in physiological terms. Six of the eight genetic correlations were negative (range −0.199 to −0.776), indicating that a trade-off exists at the genetic level between energy allocation to reproduction and to somatic growth. These findings agree with the current theory of life-history evolution. Key words: Pseudotsuga menziesii, cone production, annual ring width, genetic correlation.

Effects of Rootstock Source on the Size, Cone Production, and Compatibility of Douglas-Fir Grafts

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Ingemar Karlsson ◽  
Jack H. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Graft Compatibility ◽  
Graft Incompatibility

Abstract Scions of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were grafted on rootstock from coastal, northern interior and southern interior origin. Data on ramet size, cone production, and graft compatibility were collected. Twelve years after grafting significant differences for most crown and stem traits were found among the rootstock sources, with coastal rootstock resulting in the fastest scion growth. Northern interior rootstock sources produced larger grafts than southern interior rootstock. Significant graft union appearance and cone production differences were not detected, but coastal sources consistently had higher graft compatibility and healthier unions. It is concluded that, for coastal Douglas-fir, the use of a vigorous coastal rootstock source that promotes fast growth in the scion, and has high graft compatibility potential, is the most desirable for coastal locations. This will result in fewer losses due to graft incompatibility, faster crown development, more options for crown management and increased cone production potential. West. J. Appl. For. 7(3):73-77.

Nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine), a nitrification inhibitor, may replace fertilizers for promoting cone bud production in southern pine seed orchards

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Cone Production

Male and female cone bud and cone production in loblolly (Pinustaeda L.) and slash (Pinuselliottiielliottii Engelm.) pine was significantly stimulated by June soil application of nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine), a specific toxin for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Nitrapyrin presumably acts by conserving ambient soil nitrogen since only 1.5–2 g promoted cone buds as effectively as 150 g of elemental nitrogen from either ammonium or nitrate sources. Nitrapyrin may serve as a less costly substitute for nitrogen fertilization in seed orchards.

Effects of stem injections of gibberellin A4/7 and paclobutrazol on sex expression and the within-crown distribution of seed and pollen cones in black spruce (Picea mariana)

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F Smith
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pollen Cone ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Two experiments in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) seedling seed orchards were established to determine if a stem injection of paclobutrazol (2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) could be used as an adjunct treatment to increase the efficacy of stem injections of gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA4/7). Trees received a single injection of GA4/7 and (or) paclobutrazol shortly after vegetative bud burst. There was a dose-dependent but nonlinear increase in the production of cones of both sexes in response to stem injections of either GA4/7 or paclobutrazol. The optimum rate of GA4/7 for stimulating pollen-cone production was 3.3 mg, whereas the most seed cones were induced on trees receiving 11 mg. The sex ratio (number of seed cones/number of pollen cones) increased with the rate of GA4/7 applied. Injecting paclobutrazol also promoted cones of both sexes equally, resulting in sex ratios comparable with that of the control trees. Treatments did not affect the total numbers of buds (vegetative, latent, and cone) produced. Seed- and pollen-cone buds occurred in positions that would have otherwise developed vegetatively and become latent, respectively. The mechanisms whereby paclobutrazol could affect flowering in black spruce are discussed. The use of paclobutrazol as an adjunct to GA4/7 treatments in black spruce seedling seed orchards appears effective, practical, and safe.

Potential for pheromone-baited traps to predict seed loss caused by Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Morewood ◽  
W.D. Morewood ◽  
R.G. Bennett ◽  
G. Gries
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractIn seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), located in Washington State and Oregon, United States, we tested whether catches of male Douglas-fir cone gall midges, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, in pheromone-baited traps can be used to predict the extent of galled scales (= seed loss at harvest) caused by developing larvae. In 2000, 27 experimental blocks (4–7 ha each) were selected. In each block we recorded mean numbers of (i) male C. oregonensis captured in 20 pheromone-baited Wing traps, (ii) egg-infested scales in up to 50 conelets in early spring, and (iii) galled scales in up to 50 cones in late summer. In 2001, the experiment was repeated with 20 Delta traps in each of 26 experimental blocks. Moreover, catches of C. oregonensis and nontarget insects in Delta traps and Wing traps were compared in one additional orchard block in 2001. In both years there were positive correlations between mean numbers of egg-infested and galled scales and between mean numbers of captured male C. oregonensis and mean numbers of both egg-infested and galled scales, particularly when only experimental blocks with ≥50% of trees bearing at least 5 conelets were considered. Our results suggest that 4 or 2 captured male C. oregonensis in Wing or Delta traps, respectively, warrant insecticidal control of C. oregonensis. Delta traps, which captured fewer nontarget insects, would be more suitable than Wing traps for operational implementation of this technology.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION EXPERIENCE FOR CULTIVATION AND POST-HARVEST HANDLING OF GRAIN AND SEEDS

10.12737/3808 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Шайдуллин ◽  
Khasan Shaydullin ◽  
Шайхов ◽  
Marsel Shaykhov ◽  
Еров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Design Specification ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Cleaning Machine ◽  
Acceptance Tests

This study discusses a plant breeding and seed system recovery. According to the 2013 information, over 3000 seeders with colters of strip cropping were upgraded, which worked in 64 regions of the country. Simultaneously with the work on the modernization of the seeders for strip cropping, Russian Institute of Mechanization together with LLC “Tekhtsentr Laishevo” and “KhaRaSha” developed a design specification on the universal seeder SUZT 4of strip cropping with 4 meter width and a design specification on unified with it breeding and farming seeder SFS -2 with 2 meter wide. The pilot seeder SUZT-4 was designrd in LLC “KhaRaSha” and in 2012 it was successfully held acceptance tests with the recommendation on production at the Kirov Machine Testing Station. This seeder is designed for strip sowing of cereals, legumes, small-seeded crops and grass with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, as well as for early spring narrowband sowing of sparse winter crops and perennial grasses and subsurface mineral fertilizers plant nutrition. In 2013 there have manufactured a pilotmachine of breeding and farming seeder SFS-2 and it was transferred to Machine Testing Station for carrying out acceptance tests. The speeding up the implementing these seeders allow to carry out technological operation of planting crops in a highly effective stripping way with a significant increase of productivity and with high quality seeds. On spring wheat crops, where the seeds were prepared by car SMVO and sowing performed by seeders with ODA colters of strip cropping, the field germination ranged was from 92.5 to 95.6%, which is 4.5-8.1% higher, than seeds, obtained without isolation of their specific weight and drill sowing by double disc coulters. As a result, the higher harvest is formed by 8-10 centner per hectare and more. Additional 1.0 million tons of crops were reaped from improved seeds quality. Thus, the use of universal seeders with single disc - hoe colters and seed-crop cleaning machines SMVO is the most affordable way to increase the crops yield and seed quality for all farms. Key words: selection and seed-farming, Seed-growers association, seed-crop cleaning machine, processing of grain and seed, a seeder with disc-hoe colters, strip cropping .

scholarly journals The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (-1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Feliksik ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Diameter Increment

The Effect of Climate on Tree-Ring Chronologies of Native and Nonnative Tree Species Growing Under Homogenous Site ConditionsDendroclimatic studies were carried out in the experimental stands composed of many tree species situated in the Polish part of the Baltic sea-coast. Increment cores were taken from a 100-years old trees of 2 native species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and 3 nonnative species: Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis(Bong.) Carr.) and Silver fir (Abies albaMill.). Thirty trees of each species were cored. The relationships between the diameter increment and the thermal and pluvial conditions during the period from 1925 to 2005 were analyzed on the basis of standardized tree-ring chronologies and climatic data. It was found that precipitation and temperature of the growing season and months preceding that season affected the annual diameter increment of all investigated tree species. The current year winter and early spring temperatures as well as February and August precipitation had a similar effect on the variation of diameter increment of trees. On the other hand thermal and pluvial conditions of the current year June differentiated the increment rhythm of individual species. A very strong negative effect on diameter growth of trees was observed in the case of winter and early spring frosts. Norway spruce turned out to be a species most resistant to low temperatures. The investigated tree species, especially Norway spruce, was susceptible to water deficiency in the soil during spring and summer. In the case of Scots pine a high precipitation in June stimulated its growth. The diameter increments of Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, Scots pine, and Silver fir were more strongly connected with air temperature than with precipitation. So called all-species chronology of tree-ring width, constructed during this study, permitted to verify the factors having a similar effect on growth response of the investigated tree species. It reflected the mutual characteristics of diameter increments of trees of various species.

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