Analysis of the log import market and demand elasticity in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (04) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baodong Cheng ◽  
Guangyuan Qin ◽  
Weiming Song
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Price Elasticity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Aids Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Price Elasticity ◽  
Expenditure Elasticity

Using country-specific data from 1992 to 2012, we estimated the demand elasticity of the log import market using the source-differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model, the Error Correction Model (ECM), and both models in combination (ECM-AIDS), considering imports from Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Russia, and the United States. Regardless of which model used, the expenditure elasticity values were mostly positive, indicating a positive correlation between import volume and total import expenditure. Self-compensated price elasticity was negative, indicating that logs from all countries except Malaysia are relatively more sensitive to price, while import volumes from these countries are less sensitive to price. Cross-price elasticity values calculated using the static AIDS model showed that logs imported from Malaysia, Myanmar, and Russia are mutually complementary with logs imported from the other countries. Logs from Australia, Malaysia, and Indonesia; Canada and Indonesia; the US and New Zealand; and, Myanmar and Indonesia are mutually replaceable. The dynamic AIDS model found the same pattern regarding supplementarity, but indicated that logs from Australia, Canada, and Indonesia; the US and New Zealand; New Zealand and Indonesia; and Myanmar and Indonesia are mutually replaceable.

Estimating the Demand Elasticity of Rice in Bangladesh: An Application of the AIDS Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-728
Author(s):  
Md Abu Bakr Siddique ◽  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Mohammad Chhiddikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Price Change ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Aids Model ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Cross Price Elasticity ◽  
Income Elasticity Of Demand

This study determines the causes of consumption, compensated, and uncompensated demand for rice using the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS) model in Bangladesh. The model was used along with the corrected Stone Price Index. The study’s findings showed that the income elasticity of demand for rice was only 0.76, indicating that rice is a normal and necessary food item. The own-price elasticity (compensated and uncompensated) showed that all food items were price inelastic. The rice’s own-price elasticity demonstrated that if the price falls by 10%, rice demand will rise by 8.21%. This cross-price elasticity showed the weak substitution effects of a price change. Therefore, price interference may not lead to a substantial effect on food demand.

Burden-sharing: the US, Australia and New Zealand alliances in the Pacific islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Wallis ◽  
Anna Powles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Military Capability ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Us

Abstract One of President Joseph Biden's foreign policy priorities is to ‘renew’ and ‘strengthen’ the United States' alliances, as they were perceived to have been ‘undermined’ during the Trump administration, which regularly expressed concern that allies were free-riding on the United States' military capability. Yet the broad range of threats states face in the contemporary context suggests that security assistance from allies no longer only—or even primarily—comes in the form of military capability. We consider whether there is a need to rethink understandings of how alliance relationships are managed, particularly how the goals—or strategic burdens—of alliances are understood, how allies contribute to those burdens, and how influence is exercised within alliances. We do this by analysing how the United States–Australia and Australia–New Zealand alliances operate in the Pacific islands. Our focus on the Pacific islands reflects the United States' perception that the region plays a ‘critical’ role in helping to ‘preserve a free and open Indo-Pacific region’. We conclude that these understandings need to be rethought, particularly in the Pacific islands, where meeting non-traditional security challenges such as economic, social and environmental issues, is important to advancing the United States, Australia and New Zealand's shared strategic goal of remaining the region's primary security partners and ensuring that no power hostile to their interests establishes a strategic foothold.

scholarly journals Cross-National Outcomes of a Digital Weight Loss Intervention in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Ireland, and Australia and New Zealand: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuchen Yang ◽  
Ellen Siobhan Mitchell ◽  
Annabell S. Ho ◽  
Laura DeLuca ◽  
Heather Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are ubiquitous and effective treatment options for obesity. There is a widespread assumption that the mHealth interventions will be equally effective in other locations. In an initial test of this assumption, this retrospective study assesses weight loss and engagement with an mHealth behavior change weight loss intervention developed in the United States (US) in four English-speaking regions: the US, Australia and New Zealand (AU/NZ), Canada (CA), and the United Kingdom and Ireland (UK/IE). Data for 18,459 participants were extracted from the database of Noom's Healthy Weight Program. Self-reported weight was collected every week until program end (week 16). Engagement was measured using user-logged and automatically recorded actions. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate change in weight over time, and ANOVAs evaluated differences in engagement. In all regions, 27.2–33.2% of participants achieved at least 5% weight loss by week 16, with an average of 3–3.7% weight loss. Linear mixed models revealed similar weight outcomes in each region compared to the US, with a few differences. Engagement, however, significantly differed across regions (P < 0.001 on 5 of 6 factors). Depending on the level of engagement, the rate of weight loss over time differed for AU/NZ and UK/IE compared to the US. Our findings have important implications for the use and understanding of digital weight loss interventions worldwide. Future research should investigate the determinants of cross-country engagement differences and their long-term effects on intervention outcomes.

Free-ranging horse management in Australia, New Zealand and the United States: socio-ecological dimensions of a protracted environmental conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
J. D. Scasta ◽  
M. Adams ◽  
R. Gibbs ◽  
B. Fleury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
The Us ◽  
Free Ranging

Management of free-ranging horses (Equus ferus caballus) is a complex socio-ecological issue in Australia (AU), New Zealand (NZ), and the United States (US). In these countries, horses are the results of colonial introductions and occupy very harsh rangeland environments exerting a grazing disturbance that has generated ecological concerns. Although many social and ecological concerns are similar, each country also has nuances. In 2018, we conducted a field-based comparison of AU, NZ, and US using an inductive approach to identify similarities, differences, and emerging themes through conversations with >100 individuals from New South Wales Australia, the North Island of New Zealand, and the western US. Additional data sources included field observations and archival documents. Consistent emergent themes identified included: strong public emotion, politicization of management, population growth concerns, negative ecological impact concerns, agreement that horses should be treated humanely, disagreement as to what practices were the most humane, interest and scepticism about fertility control, the need for transparency, compromise to accommodating horses and acknowledgement of social values, and recognition that collaboration is the only means to achieve both healthy rangelands and healthy horses. Unique themes identified included: NZ empowering advocate groups to become part of the solution, conflict between horses and livestock is a mostly US conflict, equids originated in the US, concern about the sustainability of adoption programs, different expectations/options for management on private lands, cultural history such as brumby running in AU, permanent branding of horses in the US, litigation as a uniquely US strategy (although a judgement on recent AU litigation is pending), government data accepted to guide removals in NZ but not always in AU or US, and complex heterogeneous land surface ownership patterns makes management difficult in the US. The difficulty of horse management in these countries is attributed to social intricacies rather than biological/ecological gaps of knowledge.

scholarly journals Analisis Konsumsi Protein Hewani pada Rumah Tangga Indonesia

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Rodhiah Umaroh ◽  
Anggita Vinantia
Keyword(s):  
Price Elasticity ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Almost Ideal Demand System ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Cross Price Elasticity ◽  
Expenditure Elasticity ◽  
Normal Goods

Currently, animal protein consumption in Indonesia is still low. The consumption of animal protein is one of the keys to improving public health. This study aims to analyze the consumption of animal protein shown by consumption of meat, chicken, fish and milk commodities in households in Indonesia. Fifth Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data applied by model of Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). The results found that the own-price elasticity has a negative sign in accordance with the law of demand. Cross-price elasticity values vary from one another. Expenditure elasticity has positive sign indicates that all commodities are normal goods. ========================== Saat ini konsumsi protein hewani di Indonesia masih relatif rendah. Padahal konsumsi protein hewani menjadi salah satu kunci untuk meningkatkan kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsumsi protein hewani yang ditunjukkan oleh konsumsi komoditas daging, daging ayam, ikan-ikanan, dan susu pada rumah tangga Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 yang diaplikasikan dengan model Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien elastisitas harga sendiri memiliki tanda negatif sesuai dengan hukum permintaan. Nilai elastisitas harga silang bervariasi satu sama lain. Elastisitas pengeluaran bertanda positif menunjukkan bahwa seluruh komoditas merupakan barang normal.

Examination of North American softwood lumber species substitution using discrete choice preferences and disaggregated end-use markets

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2521-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Shook ◽  
Jorge A. Soria ◽  
Darek J. Nalle
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Price Elasticity ◽  
North American ◽  
Softwood Lumber ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Price Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Price Elasticity ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
End Use

Over the past 20 years, four significant and contentious softwood lumber trade disputes have taken place between the United States and Canada. The US International Trade Commission (USITC), relying on aggregate market assessments using elasticity of demand estimation and cointegration methods, has ruled that all North American softwood lumber species are perfectly fungible. The objective of this study is to disaggregate the US softwood lumber market by estimating cross-price elasticity of demand for North American softwood lumber species and species groups in three major end-use markets (floor framing, roof framing, and wall framing products) using a discrete choice preference model. Specifically, this study utilizes a choice-based conjoint model to estimate species and species group preferences, market shares, and price-demand relationships for North American softwood lumber. Research results are compared with published aggregate market cross-price elasticity of demand estimates, such as those relied upon by USITC, to determine whether North American softwood lumber species and species groups are perfectly fungible in the three largest softwood lumber end-use markets. Results demonstrate that distinct differences exist in the substitutability between North American species and species groups of softwood lumber. The results provide notable implications in future USITC trade analyses of the US–Canadian softwood lumber trade issue.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Sunflower Market on the Background of EU and US Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (3) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
Tetyana Kuts ◽  
Oksana Makarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
High Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
The Us ◽  
Price Analysis

This paper aims to provide market analysis of the sunflower market in Ukraine (UA) and research the existence of integration between the sunflower oil markets in Ukraine, the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). To fulfill the aims in the paper, yearly balances of sunflower seed, sunflower oil and sunflower cake were analyzed and price analysis was conducted. Price integration was assessed with the use of the error correction model (ECM) which was applied to monthly prices for sunflower oil from 2000 to 2020. Our findings provide evidence of high price transmission between the UA and EU markets, conversely lower price transmission was observed between the UA and the US.

scholarly journals Refugee-background students in New Zealand and the United States: Roots and results of educational policies and practices

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Jody McBrien ◽  
Maria Hayward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Refugee Students ◽  
Refugee Education ◽  
The Us ◽  
Second World ◽  
Policies And Practices

Both the United States (US) and New Zealand (NZ) have been resettling refugees since the Second World War. As such, and because of several international treaties signed by both countries, they must concern themselves with the education of resettled refugee students in their nations. In this study, the researchers examine the international agreements and national resettlement policies that shape these nations’ refugee education policies. Second, educational practices for refugee students in the US and NZ using phenomenological qualitative research based on observations, interviews, and focus groups with teachers and refugee students are examined. The researchers conclude that the more systematic methods of resettlement and educational tools available to teachers in NZ through consistent national policies provide better opportunities for success than policies and practices that vary widely from state to state and even within states in the US.

scholarly journals Mining and development lessons from the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundars Rudzitis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Do So

American history, and particularly that of the West where, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, mining for gold and silver flourished, and periodically continues to do so, is based on a frontier mentality. Indeed, we in the United States of America are still not far removed from that mentality, and have our roots in exploitation based on the idea, historically, of unlimited resources. We have created a variety of myths. Myths need not be bad, but ours have not served us well. We have started to learn slowly from our mistakes and to accept, in however belated a fashion, that we should avoid repeating them. Here I try briefly to sketch some of the outcomes from our history as it relates to mining, in the hope that New Zealand will not suffer some of the same consequences as mining communities and regions have in the US.

scholarly journals US – Lamb: United States – Safeguard Measures on Imports of Fresh, Chilled or Frozen Lamb Meat from New Zealand and Australia: What Should be Required of a Safeguard Investigation?

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 72-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Horn ◽  
Petros C. Mavroidis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safeguard Measures ◽  
Lamb Meat ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
The Us ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Gatt 1994

The United States (US) imposed, in July 1999, a safeguard on lamb meat, in the form of tariff rate import quotas, which were to be applied for a period of three years. The measure was based on findings by the US International Trade Commission that increased imports of lamb meat were a substantial cause of threat of serious injury to the US industry producing the like product. Following complaints by New Zealand and Australia that the measure was inconsistent with Articles I, II and XIX of GATT 1994, and several provisions of the Agreement on Safeguards, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body established, in November 1999, a panel to review the consistency of the US measure with the mentioned WTO rules.

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