Effect of site preparation on Armillaria ostoyae infection and growth of spruce after partial cutting in a Boreal Mixedwood Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (05) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Dumas
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae

Site preparations methods, mixing, scalping and no treatments (control), were evaluated to promote establishment of white and black spruce and reduce mortality by Armillaria ostoyae in partial cuts of Boreal Mixedwoods of northern Ontario. Soil mixing using a Meri Crusher MJ80 reduced the initial inoculum potential of A. ostoyae. Tree mortality was determined each year in the spring and fall for 15 years and all deaths resulted from infections by A. ostoyae. Diameters and heights were assessed after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 growing seasons. Overall mortality was lower with Picea glauca but was not a result of the different site preparation methods. Mortality of Picea mariana was lower in the screefed treatment. Growth of both species was better in the mixed treatment.

Survival and growth response of white spruce stock types to site preparation in Alaska

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Youngblood ◽  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Bare Root

To identify suitable methods for reforestation, we evaluated the interacting effects of past disturbance, stock types, and site preparation treatments on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedling survival and growth across a range of sites in Alaska. Replicated experiments were established in five regions. At each site, two complete installations differed in time since disturbance: “new” units were harvested immediately before spring planting and “old” units were harvested at least 3 years before planting. We compared mechanical scarification before planting, broadcast herbicide application during the fall before planting, and no site preparation with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings from two sources, 2-year-old bare-root transplants from two sources, and 3-year-old bare-root transplants. Seedlings were followed for 11 years on most sites. Based on meta-analyses, seedling survival increased 10% with herbicide application and 15% with mechanical scarification compared with no site preparation. Scarification and herbicide application increased seedling height by about 28% and 35%, respectively, and increased seedling volume by about 86% and 195%, respectively, compared with no site preparation. Soil temperature did not differ among site preparation methods after the first 7 years. Results suggest that white spruce stands may be successfully restored through a combination of vegetation control and use of quality planting stock.

scholarly journals A partial deciduous canopy, coupled with site preparation, produces excellent growth of planted white spruce

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Lieffers ◽  
Derek Sidders ◽  
Tim Keddy ◽  
Kevin A. Solarik ◽  
Peter Blenis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
High Speed ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Best Estimates

Survival and growth of planted white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were assessed at year 15 in boreal mixedwood stands of northern Alberta, Canada, in stands that were deciduous-dominated prior to logging or were conifer-dominated. Three overstory retention levels (0%, 50%, and 75% retention) and four site preparation treatments (mound, high speed mix, scalp, and no treatment) were evaluated. In deciduous-dominated stands, planted spruce performed best in the 50% retention; here, stem volume was at least double that of any other retention treatment after 15 years. In contrast, spruce had reduced growth in coniferous-dominated stands in both 50% and 75% retention treatments compared with the 0% retention. Survival of planted spruce was unaffected by level of retention, but survival was lower in coniferous-dominated stands than in deciduous-dominated stands; in the coniferous-dominated stands, survival was better with mounding and mixing and lowest with scalp treatments. All height variables tended to be greater in the mix and mound site preparation treatments. Finally, the best estimates of future total growth (regenerated spruce and deciduous combined) in the coniferous-dominated stands were in the clearcut treatment. In terms of regenerated spruce growth, the best estimates occurred in the deciduous-dominated – 50% retention stand planted with soil mixing–mounding treatments, where projected growth of spruce was comparable with that of open-grown and tended stands in Alberta’s boreal forests.

Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an Alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1678-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M Matsuoka ◽  
Colleen M Handel ◽  
Daniel R Ruthrauff
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Spruce Mortality

We examined bird and plant communities among forest stands with different levels of spruce mortality following a large outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Spruce beetles avoided stands with black spruce (Picea mariana) and selectively killed larger diameter white spruce (Picea glauca), thereby altering forest structure and increasing the dominance of black spruce in the region. Alders (Alnus sp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) were more abundant in areas with heavy spruce mortality, possibly a response to the death of overstory spruce. Grasses and herbaceous plants did not proliferate as has been recorded following outbreaks in more coastal Alaskan forests. Two species closely tied to coniferous habitats, the tree-nesting Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), a major nest predator, were less abundant in forest stands with high spruce mortality than in low-mortality stands. Understory-nesting birds as a group were more abundant in forest stands with high levels of spruce mortality, although the response of individual bird species to tree mortality was variable. Birds breeding in stands with high spruce mortality likely benefited reproductively from lower squirrel densities and a greater abundance of shrubs to conceal nests from predators.

scholarly journals White spruce enrichment planting in boreal mixedwoods as influenced by localized site preparation: 11-year update

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Myriam Delmaire ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Evelyne Thiffault ◽  
Julie Bouliane
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Enrichment Planting

Ecosystem-based management aims to maintain the natural proportion of native species over a given landscape. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) is a species sensitive to environmental conditions; it is especially demanding in terms of nutrients and its regeneration is negatively affected by clearcut harvesting. Its proportion is now significantly lower than what it was in the preindustrial forests of Québec (Canada). As a native species in boreal Québec, efforts to maintain its proportion in the landscape are undertaken for white spruce, but little is known about the best practices to maximize establishment success of seedlings planted in the balsam fir (Abies balsamea)–white birch (Betula papyrifera) bioclimatic domain. Our general objective was to identify planting practices as related to microsite treatment that favour white spruce sapling survival and size after 11 growing seasons following enrichment planting of sites harvested by mechanized careful logging in an ecosystem-based management context. We also aimed at comparing white spruce performance with that of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP), a native species that is less sensitive to abiotic stress. Finally, we wanted to assess stand composition at this juvenile stage, as a function of microsite treatment and planted species. Localized site preparation did not significantly affect growth or survival for white spruce compared to control conditions. Furthermore, localized site preparation did not increase the proportion of white and black spruce, as evaluated by basal area. Our results suggest that white spruce can be successfully established in enrichment planting in fir-dominated boreal forests, without site preparation.

Establishment of white spruce and black spruce in Boreal Ontario: Effects of chemical site preparation and post-planting weed control

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E Wood ◽  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Five-year results of a field experiment to evaluate the effects of vegetation control either before or after planting on the performance of planted white spruce (Piceaglauca [Moench] Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) transplants and black spruce containerized seedlings are reported. Annual vegetation control with and without chemical site preparation significantly (P < 0.05) improved height growth, ground-level stem diameter, and health of the planted seedlings. Survival and seedling growth were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with chemical site preparation than with chemical release in August of the year after planting. From the beginning of June to the first half of August, soil temperatures were higher in the plots with no competing vegetation than in the control plots. The difference in temperature reached a maximum of 5 °C at 5 cm of depth and 4 °C at 12 cm of depth. Key words: black spruce, chemical site preparation, glyphosate, growth response, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, release, tending, vegetation management, weed control, white spruce

Fungal colonization of aspen roots following mechanical site preparation

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2372-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Pankuch ◽  
P V Blenis ◽  
V J Lieffers ◽  
K I Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Armillaria Ostoyae ◽  
Root Tissues

Fungal colonization of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) roots was examined in boreal mixedwood sites that were mechanically site prepared 8–10 years earlier for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) regeneration using disc trenchers or ripper plows. A survey of root wounds determined that Armillaria sinapina Bérubé & Dessureault and Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink were both wound pathogens of aspen; however, A. sinapina was more frequently associated with wounds than was A. ostoyae. Armillaria ostoyae was more common on unwounded root tissues. Sixty percent of wounds infected by A. sinapina were not compartmentalized and the likelihood of an A. sinapina infection did not increase with increasing wound size. Pathogenic fungi other than Armillaria were rarely associated with root wounds. Sever wounds were associated with furrows; scrape wounds were located both along and between furrows irrespective of the site-preparation technique (ripper plow vs. disk trencher).

scholarly journals Four-year-performance of oak and pine seedlings following mechanical site preparation with lightweight excavators

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Dumas ◽  
Mathieu Dassot ◽  
Jonathan Pitaud ◽  
Jérôme Piat ◽  
Lucie Arnaudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation

Mechanical site preparation methods that used tools mounted on lightweight excavators and that provided localised intensive preparation were tested in eight experimental sites across France where the vegetation was dominated either by (L.) Moench or (L.) Kuhn. Two lightweight tools (Deep Scarifier: DS; Deep Scarifier followed by Multifunction Subsoiler: DS+MS) were tested in pine ( L., var. (Loudon) Hyl. or Aiton) and oak ( (Matt.) Liebl. or  L.) plantations. Regional methods commonly used locally (herbicide, disk harrow, mouldboard plow) and experimental methods (repeated herbicide application; untreated control) were used as references in the experiments. Neighbouring vegetation cover, seedling survival, height and basal diameter were assessed over three to five years after plantation. For pines growing in , seedling diameter after four years was 37% and 98% greater in DS and DS+MS, respectively, than in the untreated control. For pines growing in , it was 62% and 107% greater in the same treatments. For oak, diameter was only 4% and 15% greater in , and 13% and 25% greater in , in the same treatments. For pines, the survival rate after four years was 26% and 32% higher in and 64% and 70% higher in , in the same treatments. For oak, it was 3% and 29% higher in and 37% and 31% higher in . Herbicide, when applied for three or four years after planting, provided the best growth performances for pines growing in and and for oaks growing in . For these species and site combinations, DS+MS and DS treatments reduced the neighbouring vegetation cover for one to four years following site preparation.Molinia caeruleaPteridium aquilinumPinus sylvestrisPinus nigracorsicanaPinus pinasterQuercus petraeaQuercus roburM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caeruleaP. aquilinumM. caerulea P. aquilinumP. aquilinum

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document