Response of Breeding Songbirds to Vegetation Management in Conifer Plantations Established in Boreal Mixedwoods

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Zimmerman ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
John Woodcock ◽  
Aaron Palmer ◽  
Jorma Paloniemi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Conifer Plantations ◽  
Boreal Mixedwoods ◽  
Proportional Cover

We examined the response of breeding songbird communities 11 years after four vegetation management treatments were applied. Post-treatment vegetation was characterized by manually interpreting large-scale aerial photography and estimating proportional cover of eight vegetation classes. Songbird abundance was assessed by territory mapping. Using GIS layers, number of registrations and average vegetation proportions were compared among treatments. Ordination of the relative abundance of the 11 most frequent bird species suggested differences between Vision® and untreated areas. These results show that effects of vegetation management on songbirds may be more persistent than previous studies suggest and that monitoring should continue.

scholarly journals A Seven-Year Comparison of Relative-Abundance and Distance-Sampling Methods

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell E. Norvell ◽  
Frank P. Howe ◽  
Jimmie R. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Yellow Warbler ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Riparian Birds ◽  
Bullock’S Oriole

AbstractWe used data from statewide surveys of riparian birds in Utah, 1992–1998, to compare relative-abundance and distance-sampling methods. By generating relative-abundance indices with point-count methods and density with point-transect sampling methods, we examined whether the assumptions underlying each method were met during field surveys for four bird species (Brown-headed Cowbird [Molothrus ater], Bullock's Oriole [Icterus bullockii], Warbling Vireo [Vireo gilvus], and Yellow Warbler [Dendroica petechia]). Point-count methods failed to reasonably meet the fundamental assumption of constant proportionality, with estimated detectability varying 3- to 5-fold despite the use of widely accepted and well-standardized methods. Population trends based on relative abundance were subsequently unstable, often varying in both magnitude and direction with the survey plot radius used (25 m, 50 m, or unlimited distance). Distance-sampling methods appeared to meet critical assumptions, were robust to assumption violations, allowed methodological self-assessment, and were demonstrably efficient in a large-scale, multispecies survey setting. Our data show surveys of birds without estimations of detectability are likely biased because the assumption of constant proportionality is violated to a degree that precludes strict inference and may confound trend analyses.

scholarly journals Prevalence and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites in wild bird species of the order Columbiformes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne R. Schumm ◽  
Dimitris Bakaloudis ◽  
Christos Barboutis ◽  
Jacopo G. Cecere ◽  
Cyril Eraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
And Migration

AbstractDiseases can play a role in species decline. Among them, haemosporidian parasites, vector-transmitted protozoan parasites, are known to constitute a risk for different avian species. However, the magnitude of haemosporidian infection in wild columbiform birds, including strongly decreasing European turtle doves, is largely unknown. We examined the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and subgenera Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus in six species of the order Columbiformes during breeding season and migration by applying nested PCR, one-step multiplex PCR assay and microscopy. We detected infections in 109 of the 259 screened individuals (42%), including 15 distinct haemosporidian mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages, representing five H. (Haemoproteus), two H. (Parahaemoproteus), five Leucocytozoon and three Plasmodium lineages. Five of these lineages have never been described before. We discriminated between single and mixed infections and determined host species-specific prevalence for each parasite genus. Observed differences among sampled host species are discussed with reference to behavioural characteristics, including nesting and migration strategy. Our results support previous suggestions that migratory birds have a higher prevalence and diversity of blood parasites than resident or short-distance migratory species. A phylogenetic reconstruction provided evidence for H. (Haemoproteus) as well as H. (Parahaemoproteus) infections in columbiform birds. Based on microscopic examination, we quantified parasitemia, indicating the probability of negative effects on the host. This study provides a large-scale baseline description of haemosporidian infections of wild birds belonging to the order Columbiformes sampled in the northern hemisphere. The results enable the monitoring of future changes in parasite transmission areas, distribution and diversity associated with global change, posing a potential risk for declining avian species as the European turtle dove.

scholarly journals A Phylogenomic Supertree of Birds

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca T. Kimball ◽  
Carl H. Oliveros ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Noor D. White ◽  
F. Keith Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Divide And Conquer ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Sequence Capture ◽  
Branch Lengths ◽  
Supertree Methods

It has long been appreciated that analyses of genomic data (e.g., whole genome sequencing or sequence capture) have the potential to reveal the tree of life, but it remains challenging to move from sequence data to a clear understanding of evolutionary history, in part due to the computational challenges of phylogenetic estimation using genome-scale data. Supertree methods solve that challenge because they facilitate a divide-and-conquer approach for large-scale phylogeny inference by integrating smaller subtrees in a computationally efficient manner. Here, we combined information from sequence capture and whole-genome phylogenies using supertree methods. However, the available phylogenomic trees had limited overlap so we used taxon-rich (but not phylogenomic) megaphylogenies to weave them together. This allowed us to construct a phylogenomic supertree, with support values, that included 707 bird species (~7% of avian species diversity). We estimated branch lengths using mitochondrial sequence data and we used these branch lengths to estimate divergence times. Our time-calibrated supertree supports radiation of all three major avian clades (Palaeognathae, Galloanseres, and Neoaves) near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. The approach we used will permit the continued addition of taxa to this supertree as new phylogenomic data are published, and it could be applied to other taxa as well.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT RESULTS FROM SFM-BASED SOFTWARE FOR MAPPING PURPOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-2 ◽  
pp. 623-628
Author(s):  
Y. A. Lumban-Gaol ◽  
A. Murtiyoso ◽  
B. H. Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bundle Adjustment ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Aerial Photogrammetry ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Management ◽  
Erdas Imagine

Since its first inception, aerial photography has been used for topographic mapping. Large-scale aerial photography contributed to the creation of many of the topographic maps around the world. In Indonesia, a 2013 government directive on spatial management has re-stressed the need for topographic maps, with aerial photogrammetry providing the main method of acquisition. However, the large need to generate such maps is often limited by budgetary reasons. Today, SfM (Structure-from-Motion) offers quicker and less expensive solutions to this problem. However, considering the required precision for topographic missions, these solutions need to be assessed to see if they provide enough level of accuracy. In this paper, a popular SfM-based software Agisoft PhotoScan is used to perform bundle adjustment on a set of large-scale aerial images. The aim of the paper is to compare its bundle adjustment results with those generated by more classical photogrammetric software, namely Trimble Inpho and ERDAS IMAGINE. Furthermore, in order to provide more bundle adjustment statistics to be compared, the Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox (DBAT) was also used to reprocess the PhotoScan project. Results show that PhotoScan results are less stable than those generated by the two photogrammetric software programmes. This translates to lower accuracy, which may impact the final photogrammetric product.

scholarly journals 0514 Efficacy of a Forehead-Cooling Device for Treating Insomnia in Veterans

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A197-A197
Author(s):  
E Nofzinger
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Insomnia Severity Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction In 2 independent studies, we explored whether a forehead-cooling device was effective in improving insomnia in veterans. Methods Both studies were uncontrolled and exploratory in nature. The first study involved 20 veterans who expressed interest in using the forehead-cooling device and received 4 weeks treatment. The second study involved 19 veterans who were recruited via media to participate in a 4-week study and were compensated for their participation. All participants completed questionnaires before and after treatment. Results In the retrospective analysis, veterans had improvements over baseline in insomnia severity index (M ± SD =17.6 ± 4.7 pre- vs 6.9 ± 3.5 post-treatment, t(19) = -9.4, p<0.00001), in sleep latency (M ± SD = 61.7 ± 49.1 minutes pre- vs 25.0 ± 20.8 minutes post-treatment, t(19) = -4.6, p<0.001) and in minutes awake after sleep onset (M ± SD =78.7 ± 57.8 minutes pre- vs 29.9 ± 18.3 minutes post-treatment, t(19) = -4.0, p<0.001). In the prospective study, veterans had improvements in insomnia severity index over baseline (M ± SD = 20.7 +3.8 pre- vs 9.5 ± 7.5 post-treatment, t(18) = 5.8, p<0.00001), depression severity on the PHQ-9 (M ± SD = 21.5 ±6.1 pre- vs 14.2 ± 5.1 post-treatment, t(18) =4.1, p<0.001) and anxiety severity on the GAD 7 (M ± SD = 9.8 ±7.1 pre- vs. 6.2 ± 5.4 post-treatment, t(18) = -3.1, p<0.01). Conclusion Use of a forehead-cooling device improved insomnia in veterans. These findings were replicated in an independent prospective trial. Reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms from baseline were also noted in the prospective study. These promising preliminary data suggest the need for further large scale randomized controlled trials to establish the efficacy of forehead-cooling on insomnia in veterans. Support Ebb Pharmaceuticals, Pittsburgh, PA 15222

Lower and Middle Devonian brachiopod-dominated communities of Nevada, and their position in a biofacies-province-realm model

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Johnson ◽  
G. Klapper ◽  
J. G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Community Associations ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Platform Margin ◽  
Conodont Zone

Lower and Middle Devonian brachiopod-dominated communities of Nevada are numerous (46) and most are positioned on or adjacent to the carbonate-platform foreslope or ramp. Level-bottom community chains are fundamentally different from community associations that are interrupted by a platform margin. All communities require relative abundance data of constituent species for recognition. These communities prove to be endemic to the Nevada-southeastern California area, even though faunal similarities with distant regions in North America can be recognized. Analogous communities, the same age as comparable communities in Nevada, differ in overall specific content and in relative abundance of diagnostic species. Identification of analogous communities requires recognition of common physical environments (first) and faunal similarity (second). Groupings of communities based on presence-absence data of key species and genera are not meaningful.Biofacies boundaries sited on carbonate-platform foreslopes separate community associations and also act as filter boundaries for faunal realms. The platform and peripheral biofacies thus delineated are also realms, a pattern that is repeated by different organisms from Cambrian to Cenozoic. Biofacies boundaries shift in concert with large-scale sea-level fluctuations. During platform emergence, most faunas are peripheral and therefore cosmopolitan. Transgression initially forms small, isolated epeiric seas populated from offshore, and endemic faunas evolve. Increased transgression merges epeiric seas and faunas, reducing provinciality and diversity through competition. Regression results in extinctions in proportion to its rate and the area involved. The cycle repeats.Thehermanni-cristatusconodont Zone is replaced with the namehermanniZone. ThedisparilisZone is divided into Lower and Upper Subzones. ThenorrisiZone is proposed at the top of the Middle Devonian.

scholarly journals Forestry thinning in commercial conifer plantations has little effect on bird species richness and breeding abundance

Bird Study ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Calladine ◽  
Elizabeth M. Humphreys ◽  
Fiona Strachan ◽  
David C. Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Conifer Plantations

scholarly journals Feeding the flock: Wild cockatoos and their Facebook friends

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eben Kirksey ◽  
Paul Munro ◽  
Thom van Dooren ◽  
Dan Emery ◽  
Anne Maree Kreller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
White Settler Colonialism ◽  
Shared Understandings

Wildlife is persisting in urban areas of Australia even though white settler colonialism has resulted in the large-scale destruction of forested landscapes. While many bird species are in decline, the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo has found emergent opportunities for flourishing within the built environment. Cockatoos are actively generating relationally constituted spaces, drawing humans into urban ecosystems that are ‘more-than-human’ places, abundant and lively multispecies communities. Beginning in 2011, yellow tags attached to the wings of cockatoos, along with a smart-phone app and a Facebook page, have enabled scientists to collect data about these birds’ movements. These tracking technologies were quickly co-opted by an emergent public for their own purposes, including speculating about the personalities, relationships, intentions, and desires of individual birds. Interspecies friendships formed between humans and birds – involving shared understandings, emotional resonances, ongoing social exchanges, and utilitarian arrangements. We used the wingtags and the associated digital infrastructure as an opportunity to experiment with new modes of collaborative research and teaching in multispecies ethnography. Bringing together a flock of academics and students, we explored emergent social spaces involving people and birds. While many participants who fed the birds worried that they would become tame, we found multispecies flocks were fleeting associations where wild and unruly behaviours redoubled as people offered up food. We found that wildness emerged in intimate encounters with other species, encounters that were often characterised by shared but unequal vulnerabilities. Some cockatoos have been killed, after conflicts over property damage led authorities to identify them as nuisance animals. Against the backdrop of asymmetrical risks, we studied flocks of birds as models of, and models for, fleeting forms of association and collaboration. In these spaces, feelings of interspecies attraction quickly alternated with agitated and uncomfortable experiences. Amid animated encounters, people explored the ethics of inclusivity and conviviality.

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