scholarly journals Comparison of Visual and Instrumental Assessment of Colour Differences on Finished Wooden Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Matjaž Pavlič ◽  
Marko Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Colour Difference ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Instrumental Assessment ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Transparent Coating

Staining of wood with various substances and processes is an important part of surface finishing of wood. Colour differences as a result of staining and of exposure of coloured wood during its utilisation are usually evaluated by instrumental measurements. However, the measurement results can show something else compared to what our naked eye can see. Due to inhomogeneity of wood, this discrepancy can be even greater in the case of finished surfaces. The aim of our research was to evaluate distinctions between visual perception and numerically determined colour differences on differently finished wooden surfaces, to get information at which starting point the colour difference becomes visible, and to establish whether it is related to the nature of the surface. We established that the visual assessment is influenced by many factors and that there is a correlation between visual and instrumental assessments. The colour difference ΔE* of 0.5 should be considered as a value when it starts to become visible, and at the value of 2.0, observers already considered the colour difference as a different colour. It was stated that we have some tolerance in perceiving the colour change. This tolerance is more expressed in the case of transparent coating systems.

Implementasi Algoritma Dijkstra Pada Game Pacman

CCIT Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Anggit Dwi Hartanto ◽  
Aji Surya Mandala ◽  
Dimas Rio P.L. ◽  
Sidiq Aminudin ◽  
Andika Yudirianto
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Greedy Algorithm ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Testing Phase ◽  
A Value ◽  
Route Problem ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Pacman is one of the labyrinth-shaped games where this game has used artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence is composed of several algorithms that are inserted in the program and Implementation of the dijkstra algorithm as a method of solving problems that is a minimum route problem on ghost pacman, where ghost plays a role chase player. The dijkstra algorithm uses a principle similar to the greedy algorithm where it starts from the first point and the next point is connected to get to the destination, how to compare numbers starting from the starting point and then see the next node if connected then matches one path with the path). From the results of the testing phase, it was found that the dijkstra algorithm is quite good at solving the minimum route solution to pursue the player, namely by getting a value of 13 according to manual calculations

Section 5.d Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Calin GURAU ◽  
Ashok RANCHHOD
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Brand Strategy ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point

 The classic brand design literature presents and illustrates best practices in developing the physical, graphical and semiotic aspects of a brand. However, both practitioners and academics outline that brand design is only the starting point of the brand strategy, which has to be completed and complemented by designing and effectively managing meaningful brand experiences. The success of the brand depends on a value co-creation process in which the intentions and offerings of producers and vendors encounter, and interact with, the customer experiences of the brand and of the associated product. A brand experience designed for the customer can therefore be multi-dimensional and not just product led.

Colour stability of surface finishes on thermally modified beech wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Gabriela Slabejová ◽  
MÁRIA ŠMIDRIAKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Colour Stability ◽  
Colour Difference ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Wood Surfaces ◽  
Modified Wood

Colour stability of surface finishes on thermally modified beech wood. The paper deals with the influence of the type of transparent surface finish on the change of colour of the surfaces of native beech wood and thermally modified wood. At the same time, the colour stability of three surface finishes on the surfaces of native and thermally modified beech wood was monitored. Beech wood was thermally modified at temperature of 125 °C for 6 hours. The thermal treatment was performed in a pressure autoclave APDZ 240, by the company Sundermann s.r.o in Banská Štiavnica. Three various types of surface finishes (synthetic, wax-oil, water-based) were applied onto the wood surfaces. The colour of the surfaces of native wood and thermally modified wood was measured in the system CIELab before and after surface finishing; the coordinates L*, a*, b*, C*ab and h*ab were measured. From the coordinates measured before and after surface finishing, the differences were calculated and then the colour difference ∆E* was calculated. Subsequently, the test specimens with the surface finishes were exposed to natural sunlight, behind glass in the interior for 60 days. The surface colour was measured at specified time of the exposure (10, 20, 30, 60 days). The results showed that the colour of the wood surfaces changed after application of the individual surface finishes; and the colour difference reached a change visible with a medium quality filter up to a high colour difference. The wax-oil surface finish caused a high colour difference on native wood and on thermally modified wood as well. On native beech wood, the lowest colour difference after exposure to sunlight was noticeable on the synthetic surface finish. On the surface of wood thermally modified, after exposure to sunlight, the lowest colour difference was noticeable on the surface with no surface finish.

scholarly journals Anion and pH dependent molecular motion by a halogen bonding [2]rotaxane

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (67) ◽  
pp. 9975-9978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry A. Klein ◽  
Heike Kuhn ◽  
Paul D. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motion ◽  
Anion Recognition ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Ph Dependent

A halogen bonding [2]rotaxane undergoes macrocycle translocation only upon both protonation and chloride anion recognition, resulting in a naked-eye detectable colour change.

scholarly journals Bands in the secondary spectrum of hydrogen

1927 ◽  
Vol 114 (767) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Static Model ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Band Spectra ◽  
The University ◽  
Low Pressures ◽  
Complete Account

Fulcher’s discovery of bands in the secondary spectrum of hydrogen at low pressures proved the starting point of a number of investigations, including those, based on the valuable tables of Merton and Barratt, which have been carried out in the University of St. Andrews. The application of the quantum theory to these bands has been discussed by one of us (H. S. A.), by Curtis, and in particular by Richardson who, partly in association with Tanaka, has added greatly to the number of known regularities and done much to bring them into line with the theory of band spectra. Nevertheless, apart from the Fulcher system, of which Richardson has recently given a very complete account, there remains a very large number of lines which have not yet been classified. One of the present writers (I. S.) has been engaged in a study of the secondary spectrum at higher pressures, and among the regularities which have been selected by this method is a band with head at 4582·58 A. U. and shading towards the violet, which has been described in a recent communication. This band yielded an initial moment of inertia agreeing closely with a value deduced from a static model of triatomic hydrogen, H 3 . This band has since been found to be one of a large number of similar bands which it will be the purpose of this paper to describe. We shall refer to it for convenience as “Band II A , a .”

scholarly journals Effect of Shading on Red Colour and Fruit Quality in Blush Pears “ANP-0118” and “ANP-0131”

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Peavey ◽  
Ian Goodwin ◽  
Lexie McClymont ◽  
Subhash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
A Value ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Colour Development

Some cultivars of Pyrus communis develop mature fruit with a distinctive red blush. Investigating the patterns of pear colour development in response to sunlight has implications for orchard management of these pears. The objectives of these experiments are to study the seasonal patterns of colour development and investigate the influence of shade and sunlight exposure on the red colour and harvest quality of blush pears “ANP-0118” and “ANP-0131”. Several long, medium and short shading treatments were applied at different stages of fruit development from 28 (“ANP-0131”) and 29 (“ANP-0118”) days after full bloom (DAFB) until harvests at 119 DAFB (“ANP-0118”) and 175 DAFB (“ANP-0131”). Fruits were measured every three weeks for colour parameters (a*, hue angle, chroma) and at harvest for quality parameters (fresh weight, visual assessments of percentage blush coverage and blush intensity, flesh firmness and soluble solids concentration). In the unshaded control, red colour increased during the growing season (increase in a* value and decrease in hue angle), as well as increasing in chroma value. Periods of shading during the season negatively affected red colour in both cultivars, as evidenced by significant decreases in a* value and increases in hue angle. Shaded fruits that were subsequently re-exposed to sunlight reacted with a dynamic increase in a* value and decrease in hue angle. Fruit shaded for the length of the experiment or prior to harvest had significantly lower a* values than the control at harvest. Visual assessment at harvest of percentage blush coverage and blush intensity were significantly affected by shading in both cultivars. Shading treatments applied early in the experiment had a negative effect on the fresh fruit weight of “ANP-0118”.

Evaluation of Video Image Analysis (VIA) technology to predict meat yield of sheep carcasses online under abattoir conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
E. Rius-Vilarrasa ◽  
L. Bunger ◽  
K. Matthews ◽  
C. Maltin ◽  
A Hinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
A Value ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Accurate estimates of carcass composition and eating quality are critical to the introduction and the success of a value-based marketing system (VBMS) and to help address increased consumer demands for leaner meat with higher quality. Currently in the UK, carcass composition is assessed by a subjective carcass classification system based on the EUROP conformation system, and a visual assessment of fat cover using a numeric fat score (“MLC Scoring”) (Anderson, 2003). Objective, image analysis based systems to classify carcasses into current classification categories have been studied (Allen and Finnery, 2000) and are in use in the beef industry in the EU. However, the introduction of automatic technologies such as VIA may also have considerable potential for prediction of lean meat yield of the carcass. There is growing interest in the possibility of developing payment criteria which are based on carcass meat yield. Therefore, the present research project investigated the potential of VIA technology to predict meat yield in terms of saleable meat yield (SMY), saleable primal meat yield (SPMY) and the carcass components leg, chump, loin and shoulder in lamb.

scholarly journals Analisis Produktivitas Produksi PT. Bapak Bakery Badung Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Evita Zuyyina Afianti ◽  
I Ketut Satriawan ◽  
I Wayan Gede Sedana Yoga
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Productivity Measurement ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
A Value ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Productivity Measurements ◽  
Productivity Ratio

Bapak Bakery is one of the bread companies in Bali. This company has never taken productivity measurements. The company only uses the profits of sale production as a benchmark of its success achievement. PT. Bapak Bakery has problem in the field of production, namely lack of availability of raw materials which resulted in hampered production process so that consumer demand could not be fulfilled. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of production productivity, analyze the contribution of productivity ratio component and recommendation for PT. Bapak Bakery productivity improvement. The study uses the Objective Matrix (OMAX) method. In this study there are 5 ratios that are used as criteria in measuring productivity. The ratio is included in the criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and inferentiality. The productivity measurement results show that the lowest productivity index value is in March 2018 which was 175.3 and the highest value obtained was in July which was 501.6. Contribution analysis of productivity ratio component PT. Bapak Bakery who obtained the highest productivity value, namely ratio 1 with value of 830.7 and the lowest productivity value is ratio 3 and 4 with a value of 738. Recommendation of productivity improvement obtained ratio 1 in the amount of Rp. 131.724.436, ratio 2 is Rp 1.830.959 , ratio 3 is 6.471 hours, ratio 4 is Rp 600.064.834 and ratio 5 is 504 hours. Keywords: Bread production, productivity measurement, Objective Matrix (OMAX)

Changing the properties of samples after extraction from wet soil: a short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vodyanitskii ◽  
Tatiana Minkina
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Hydromorphic Soils ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Gas Medium ◽  
Soil Changes

Laboratory-dried specimens yield distorted information about the state of hydromorphic soil. Changes in the gas medium, humidity, temperature, aggregation capacity and illumination have an irreversible impact on the dried and powdered soil specimen. Properties of the dried hydromorphic soil can be altered significantly. Most altered are (1) the colour of the hydromorphic soils, (2) the рН value, and (3) the content of mobile trace metal (TM) compounds after drying the wet soil. Colour change (browning) of the hydromorphic soil is related to the oxidation of Fe(II). In a highly ferruginous soil, the browning is rapid and visible even to the naked eye. In the weakly ferruginous gley, the colour change is invisible to the naked eye, but instrumental field measurements reveal a slow and slight yellowing of the dried gley. In dried soils, laboratory рН values determined in soil suspension differ from the values determined in soil solution at the same time. The process of drying provokes a significant decrease in the content of mobile TM compounds, resulting in the illusion of less soil contamination than the real situation during hydromorphic soil humidification. When studying hydromorphic soils, it is desirable to accomplish the maximum possible field measurements. Laboratory analyses should only be carried out for specimens stored under dark conditions since they retain the initial humidity, temperature and gas composition.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling for Simulation of Compaction of Refractory Materials for Secondary Steelmaking

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ramírez-Aragón ◽  
Joaquín Ordieres-Meré ◽  
Fernando Alba-Elías ◽  
Ana González-Marcos
Keyword(s):  
Influential Factors ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Cohesion Energy ◽  
Final Shape ◽  
A Value ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Contact Models

The purpose of this work is to simulate the powder compaction of refractory materials, using the discrete element method (DEM). The capability of two cohesive contact models, implemented in different DEM packages, to simulate the compaction of a mixture of two refractory materials (dead burnt magnesia (MgO) and calcined alumina (Al2O3)) was analyzed, and the simulation results were compared with experimental data. The maximum force applied by the punch and the porosity and final shape quality of the compact were examined. As a starting point, the influence of Young’s modulus (E), the cohesion energy density (CED), and the diameter of the Al2O3 particles (D) on the results was analyzed. This analysis allowed to distinguish that E and CED were the most influential factors. Therefore, a more extensive examination of these two factors was performed afterward, using a fixed value of D. The analysis of the combined effect of these factors made it possible to calibrate the DEM models, and consequently, after this calibration, the compacts had an adequate final shape quality and the maximum force applied in the simulations matched with the experimental one. However, the porosity of the simulated compacts was higher than that of the real ones. To reduce the porosity of the compacts, lower values of D were also modeled. Consequently, the relative deviation of the porosity was reduced from 40–50% to 20%, using a value of D equal to 0.15 mm.

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