scholarly journals Sustainable Agriculture Irrigation Management: The Water-Energy-Food Nexus in Pajaro Valley, California

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Wada ◽  
Kimberly Burnett ◽  
Jason J Gurdak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Dynamic Framework ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Expected Benefits

<p>The water-energy-food (WEF) nexus is quickly becoming one of the most critical global environmental challenges of the twenty first century. However, WEF systems are inherently complex; they typically are dynamic and span multiple land or agro-ecosystems at a regional or global scale. Addressing this challenge requires a systems approach to optimal and sustainable resource management across multiple dimensions. To that end, using Pajaro Valley (California) as a case study, our research aims to (1) highlight synergies and tradeoffs in food and water production, (2) build a dynamic framework capable of examining intertemporal resource relationships, and (3) detail the steps required to develop incentive-compatible financing of the resulting management plans when benefits are not distributed uniformly across users. Using a stylized model, we find that in the long run, inland growers benefit from the halting of seawater intrusion (SWI) due to overpumping of groundwater. We also calculate that the water provided by the proposed College Lake Multi-Objective Management Program-a plan designed to halt SWI and support sustainable water and agricultural development in the region-will generate net revenue of $40-58 million per year, compared to an annualized cost of less than $3 million. An equal cost-sharing plan would be desirable if the benefit of the project exceeded $1,268 per year for each well owner. Since this may not necessarily be the case for smaller well owners, one possible alternative is to allocate costs in proportion to expected benefits for each user.</p>

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL DYNAMICS OF COMMUNITIES FOR WATER USERS (Case in Cihea Irrigation Area, Ciranjang District, Cianjur Regency, West Java) By : Yayat Sukayat 1), Dika Supyandi 2), Anne Charina 3),Pandi Pardian 4) Gimnasiar Darmawan 5), Siti Rima Herdiana 6), Rani Andriani Budi Kusumo7), Mahra Arari Heryanto8) [email protected]

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayat Sukayat
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
West Java ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Irrigation Area

Abstract Boeke's argument (Booth, 1977) on irrigation development in the colonial era, was due to population pressure, which was based on Malthus's theory, about the growth of food demand caused by population growth exceeding food growth (Effendi Pasandaran, 2002). The solution offered is by intensifying agriculture. This statement obtains justification with the emergence of new varieties that are responsive to water, and fertilizers, in such a way that production has risen. Therefore, the use of water at the farm level so that irrigation water in intensification is fulfilled, well, this is very important (Sukayat, 1994). In the Cihea irrigation area as the center of West Java Province's agricultural development, irrigation management (management authority) has been handed over to farmers, starting from the Small Irrigation Submission Program (PIK), PKPI (Irrigation Management Policy Update) and WISMP (Water Resource and Irrigation Sector Management Program ) Of the 90 P3A that grow only 10% are still running. The P3A does not run it seems there are still problems in growing, the formation of P3A. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of the movement of the organization. This research is quantitative research, with descriptive survey techniques. From the results of the study there are differences in organizational movements that are described by the effectiveness of achieving goals, as a picture of not involving the community in decision making. Keywords: P3A, organization, irrigation1,2,3,4): Teaching Staff of Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University5.6): Agribusiness Study Program Students 

Mistletoes in a changing world: a premonition of a non-analog future?

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Fontúrbel
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions ◽  
Changing World

Mistletoes are a group of flowering plants that have developed a parasitic lifeform through complex eco-evolutionary processes. Despite being considered a pest, mistletoes represent a keystone forest resource and are involved in complex plant–plant and plant–animal interactions. Their parasitic lifeform and specialized ecological interactions make mistletoes an ideal model with which to understand the effects of anthropogenic disturbances in a changing world. The accelerated growth of the human population has altered all ecosystems on Earth, leading to biodiversity loss. Land-use changes (involving habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation, and transformation processes) can alter the ecological scenario for mistletoe by altering hosts, mutualists, and nutrient cycling. Those changes may have large consequences at the community level, changing the spatial structure of mistletoes, as well as interaction effectiveness, facilitation process, interaction disruption, and novel interactions with invasive species, leading to non-analog communities in the long run. Furthermore, climate change effects operate on a global scale, enhancing the effects of land-use changes. As temperatures increase, many species would alter their distribution and phenology, potentially causing spatial and temporal mismatches. But more critical is the fact that water stress is likely to disrupt key ecological interactions. Thus, mistletoes can provide valuable insights for what we can expect in the future, as a result of human disturbances.

scholarly journals Water resources management in the watershed of Volvi Lake

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
The Creation

The decrease of available water resources, the water quality degradation as well as the rapid increase of population combined with the growth of human activities, impose today the development of a science that concerns the Management of Water Resources. Lake Volvi faces a lot of problems, the most important being the water level drop, which is mostly due to the big quantities of water flowing through to Rihios River and to the wrong management of irrigation water. The study area of the present research consists of the watershed of Lake Volvi, situated in Northern Greece, 39 km away from the city of Thessaloniki. The objective of this study is the estimation of the water balance of the hydrologic basin of Lake Volvi with a Corporate Management program, using Visual Fortran and the creation of scenarios for better management of the water resources of the region. Lake Volvi is situated next to Lake Koronia, both of them belonging to a wider region that forms the geological basin of Mygdonia. Lake Volvi is the recipient of the water draining from Lake Koronia. The water that drains from Lake Volvi is discharged into the gulf of Strymonikos through Rihios River. Firstly, a close analysis is attempted for the estimation of the water balance of the entire hydrologic basin of Lake Volvi with the method of Turc, which is used widely throughout the world. Next, in order to simulate the lake, an administrative model is used, written in Visual Fortran. A rational management of the hydrological elements of the region is attempted with the creation of four alternative scenarios. After the execution of the Corporate Management program, the results show that the main problem for Lake Volvi is the water leaking to Rihios River. Moreover, the research also shows that it is important to reduce the water used for irrigation. As a final result, it is an imperative need to develop water resources management plans for the restoration of the entire region.

scholarly journals Impact of online group studying for the MRCPsych A exam amongst international doctors logging-in from 7 countries

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S265-S265
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Sara Mohsen ◽  
Oksana Zinchenko ◽  
Philip Verde ◽  
Kathleen Breslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Online Group

AimsRecently, global-remote group studying has been made possible via digital video conferencing platforms. In preparation for the December 2020 MRCPsych part A exam, a study group was formed comprising 30 International Medical Gaduates (IMG) logging-in from different countries via 3 hour Zoom-study sessions hosted daily from 28th September until 12th December 2020 (1800-2100 GMT time). This study demonstrates the impact of online group study in preparation for the MRCPsych A exam for s via data collected through questionnaires.MethodThe data of the study were collected through the questionnaires given to the group study members containing a total of 17 questions, 5 of which were open-ended.The participants totalled 30 International Doctors who responded to an advertisement to form an online study group on Facebook. They logged-in for the sessions from seven different countries: Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, Ireland, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Kingdom. The participants represented different working grades incuding experiences in psychiatry ranging from 0 to 5 years.Data were analysed using percentage. The answers given to the open-ended questions were each examined using descriptive interpretation methods.ResultThematic analysis demonstrated that online group study made learning faster and easier. 96.6% support using online study sessions for future exams citing that they fostered cooperation, respect for diverse opinions and motivation for regular studying. 93.1% and partly 6.9% found the experience enjoyable and enabled the cultivation of different ideas. Indeed, 89.7% relied on it as a big part of their preparation with 26 saying it contributed to their passing of the exam success.Almost three quarter of participants in the group also forged friendships and a sense of trust. It also became a platform for expressing opinions comfortably and developing communication and interpersonal skills.Different working hours and time zones represented a challenge with most linking in at odd hours. Cultural differences were ultimately accepted including aspects of delivery of information which made a few participants appear abrupt.ConclusionWith the ease in which social media connects us on a global scale, online study groups connecting IMGs from various backgrounds and diverse cultures not only makes exam preparations stimulating and easier to pass but also fosters interpersonal skills and connections that would be an asset in the long run.

Long run price flexibilities for high valued UK fish species: a cointegration systems approach

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHABBAR A. JAFFRY ◽  
SEAN PASCOE ◽  
CATHERINE ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Long Run

scholarly journals Water–Energy–Food Nexus Simulation: An Optimization Approach for Resource Security

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Wicaksono ◽  
Gimoon Jeong ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Optimal Resource

The water–energy–food nexus (WEF nexus) concept is a novel approach to manage limited resources. Since 2011, a number of studies were conducted to develop computer simulation models quantifying the interlinkage among water, energy, and food sectors. Advancing a nationwide WEF nexus simulation model (WEFSiM) previously developed by the authors, this study proposes an optimization module (WEFSiM-opt) to assist stakeholders in making informed decisions concerning sustainable resource management. Both single- and multi-objective optimization modules were developed to maximize the user reliability index (URI) for water, energy, and food sectors by optimizing the priority index and water allocation decisions. In this study, the developed models were implemented in Korea to determine optimal resource allocation and management decisions under a plausible drought scenario. This study suggests that the optimization approach can advance WEF nexus simulation and provide better solutions for managing limited resources. It is anticipated that the proposed WEFSiM-opt can be utilized as a decision support tool for designing resource management plans.

scholarly journals Classification–coordination–collaboration: a systems approach for advancing Sustainable Development Goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojie Fu ◽  
Junze Zhang ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Wenwu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

Summary It is an urgent task to advance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on different scales in the world. We propose a systems approach to combat this issue, namely `classification–coordination–collaboration'. This approach allows SDGs to realize key breakthroughs over the short-term while achieving sweeping progress over the long run.

scholarly journals Policy Challenges Related to Biofuel Development in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Sosovele
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Energy Options

Biofuels have recently emerged as a major issue in energy policy, agricultural development and natural resource management. The growing demand for biofuels is being driven by high oil prices, energy security concerns and global climate change. In Tanzania there is growing interest on the part of foreign private investors in establishing biofuel projects, although globally there are concerns related to biofuel investments. Tanzania has approved a number of such projects, but the biofuel subsector faces several policy challenges that could clearly hamper its development. These include the lack of a holistic and comprehensive energy policy that addresses the broad spectrum of energy options and issues, and weak or absent institutional and legal frameworks. This article highlights some key policy issues critical to the development of biofuels and argues that if these challenges are not addressed at the national policy level, biofuel development may not result in the expected benefits to Tanzania and the majority of its local communities.

scholarly journals Can Global Capitalism Endure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
William I. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Conglomerates ◽  
System A ◽  
Long Run ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Face

El período comprendido entre 2008 y la tercera década del siglo XXI se caracteriza por una crisis prolongada para el capitalismo global, tanto estructural como política, que se ha visto agravada por la pandemia del coronavirus. La era de la globaliza-ción ha supuesto una transformación radical en curso en las modalidades de producción y apropiación de plusvalía. Existe una imparable concentración y centralización extrema del capital a escala global en los conglomerados financieros que a su vez actúan para en-trelazar toda la masa del capital global. Ahora el sistema está experimentando una nueva ronda de reestructuración y transformación basada en una digitalización mucho más avanzada de toda la economía y la sociedad global. Los agentes del capitalismo global están intentando adquirir para el sistema una nueva oportunidad de reproduccióna través de esta reestructuración digital y mediante la reforma que algunos entre la élite global están defendiendo frente a las presiones masivas desde abajo. Másallá de la coordinación de políticas transnacionales entre estados, el poder estructural que la clase capitalista transnacional puede ejercer desde arriba sobre aquellos socavará la reforma a menos que haya una contramovilización masiva del poder desde abajo. Si alguna reforma reguladora o redistributiva llega a concretarse, la reestructuración puede, dependiendo de la correlaciónde fuerzas sociales y de clase, desencadenar una nueva ronda de expansión productiva que atenúe la crisis. Sin embargo, a largo plazo, sin una reforma más profunda que la que se vislumbra actualmente en el horizonte, es díficil observar cómo el capitalismo global podría continuar reproduciéndose. The period from 2008 into the third decade of the twenty-first century has been one long protracted crisis for global capitalism, as much structural as political, that has been aggravated by the coronavirus pandemic. The era of globalization has involved an ongoing radical transformation in the modalities of producing and appropriating surplus value. There is an extreme and still increasing concentration and centralization of capital on a global scale in the financial conglomerates that in turn act to interlock the entire mass of global capital. Now the system is undergoing a new round of restructuring and transformation based on a much more advanced digitalization of the entire global economy and society. The agents of global capitalism are attempting to purchase for the system a new lease on life through this digital restructuring and through reform that some among the global elite are advocating in the face of mass pressures from below. Beyond transnational policy coordination among states, the structural power that the transnational capitalist class is able to exercise from above over states will undermine reform unless there is a mass counter-mobilization of power from below. If some regulatory or redistributive reform actually comes to pass, restructuring may, depending on the play of social and class forces, unleash a new round of productive expansion that attenuates the crisis. In the long run, however, it is difficult to see how global capitalism can continue to reproduce itself without a much more profound overhaul than is currently on the horizon, if not the outright overthrow of the system.

scholarly journals Role of a Unique Innovative Device (HEAR-O-SCOPE) in Prevention of Noise Induced Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Sreemanti Bag ◽  
Md. Quaisar Rahaman ◽  
Rajiv Singh ◽  
Chiranjib Das ◽  
Dwaipayan Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Expected Benefits

Introduction Noise induced hearing loss has great significance in today’s world as it comes as an occupational health hazard accompanied with other systemic adverse effects like several neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or peptic ulcers. It can be prevented by serial follow up with pure tone audiograms and use of noise protectors like ear muffs or ear plugs. This article demonsrates an easy-to-adopt method of preventing noise induced hearing loss in the form of an electronic device named HEAR-O-SCOPE. Device Design This device is essentially a decibel meter which senses sound intensities above 85 decibel and equates it with permissible time of exposure for that decibel range and if permissible time of exposure is crossed, sends alarm signals in the form of buzzer and display, giving the user adequate time either to move away from the noisy surrounding or put in noise protectors. This device also has provision for real-time graphical plotting facilities. Expected Benefits Expected outcome by using this device in the long run would be early detection and prevention of noise induced hearing loss and other health hazards of noise pollution. Conclusion Regular use of HEAR-O-SCOPE is highly recommendable for prevention of Noise Induced Hearing Loss.

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