scholarly journals Effects of Sowing Date on Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Damage by Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and an Economic Threshold Levels for Its Management at Maiduguri, Sudan Savannah Ecological Zone of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdullahi G ◽  
B. M. Sastawa ◽  
Shehu A
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Pachnoda Interrupta ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

<em>Pachnoda interrupta</em> is one of the head-infesting insect pests of sunflower in Maiduguri. Two separate field experiment(one each for sowing date effect and threshold level) were conducted to investigate the influence of sowing date on damage and yield loss by <em>P. interrupta</em> on sunflower and the economic threshold level for its control in Maiduguri. The result for influence of sowing date experiment shows that percentage incidence of infestation was highly significant on sunflower sown on the 5<sup>th</sup> July than other planting date except that of 26<sup>th</sup> July. Significantly lower damage was recorded on sunflower sown on 19<sup>th</sup> July than those on the 5<sup>th</sup> and grain yield loss was also significantly higher on 26<sup>th</sup> July sowings than all other dates. The results for economic threshold level experiment indicated that 2.38 and 2.36 beetles/head were the economic threshold level for flowing and milky grain stage respectively and there was a 1:4.9 cost: benefit ratio/ ha. This means that there is a 20% return for every unit of inputs. The result implies that 19<sup>th</sup> of July is the best planting date to reduce infestations, damage and yield loss from <em>P. interrupta</em> in Maiduguri and artificial control measures should be initiated when there are 1.9 to 2.0 beetles/plant.

Efficacy of quinalphos 25 EC for the management of wheat aphid

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Srivastava ◽  
Sudheer Rana ◽  
Vijay Rana ◽  
Sandeep Manuja
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Cost ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Better Than

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effective and economical control measures for the management of foliage feeding wheat aphids, for which three insecticides viz quinalphos 25 EC, thiamethoxam 25 % WG, and spinosad 45 EC were evaluated. Minimum aphid population was observed in case of quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha and was found at par with spinosad 45 EC @125 ml/ha and was found significantly better than other treatments, viz. quinalphos @1200 ml/ha and thiamethoxam 25 % WG @ 100 gm/ha including untreated check after 7 days of treatment. However, quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha and spinosad 45 EC @125 ml/ha and significantly better than other treatments including untreated check. Grain yield of plot treated with quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha was registered with highest yield (39.25 q/ha) and significantly better than other treatments including control. Cost-benefit ratio and net profit calculated for different insecticidal treatments revealed that quinalphos 25 EC @1600 ml/ha (1:9.65) was found highly cost effective as compare to other insecticides.

scholarly journals INTERFERENCE AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLD LEVEL FOR CONTROL OF BEGGARTICK ON BEAN CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
C.T. FORTE ◽  
R.L. GABIATTI ◽  
L.L. RADUNZ ◽  
I. ASPIAZÚ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Control Cost

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the interference and determine the economic threshold level of beggartick damage on bean crops. Treatments consisted of bean cultivars (IPR Uirapuru, BRS Supremo, BRS Campeiro, Fepagro 26, BRS Esplendor and IPR Tuiuiú) submitted to competition with ten beggartick populations. We evaluated plant population, leaf area, ground cover and shoot dry mass of beggartick. Dry mass of shoots of beggartick fitted better to the hyperbolic model, and grain yield losses due to beggartick interference were estimated satisfactorily by this model. BRS Esplendor and IPR Tuiuiú were more competitive than the others in the presence of beggartick. Sowing of BRS Esplendor, IPR Tuiuiú and Fepagro 26 increases the level of economic damage, justifying the adoption of control measures only for higher densities of beggartick. Increase in grain yield, commercial price of beans, herbicide efficiency and reduction in control cost decrease the threshold level for weed control, justifying application of control measures for lower densities of beggartick.

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Major Coconut Pests Using Pheromone Lures

CORD ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
K. R. M. Bhanu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Aggregation Pheromones ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Opisina Arenosella ◽  
Palm Weevil

Red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabidae) and Black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) are the three among major insect pests of coconut in India. Grubs of Red palm weevil (RPW) enter and complete their life cycle within the stem, killing the tree, adults of Rhinoceros beetle (RB) feed on the growing point of the tree and cause yield loss and the larvae of black headed caterpillar scrape and feed on the green part of the coconut leaflets leading to burnt symptoms of the fronds, death of young trees and yield loss. Aggregation pheromones of RPW and RB are used for monitoring and mass trapping of RPW and RB to manage the pest under economic threshold level. During 2006-07 large scale field trials for RPW and RB were carried out in four different states in India by PCI under a partially funded Coconut Development Board (CDB) project using indigenously synthesized pheromone lures. It was demonstrated that the pheromone lures predominantly attracted virgin and gravid females of RPW and RB. Female sex pheromone of black headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella was also identified and developed in India by PCI, under a project partially funded by CDB; dispensers, dosage and traps were standardized under field conditions and further trials were also conducted in India. It was also established that pheromone lures can be used as a monitoring and a surveillance tool for understanding the pest status before the release parasitoids and natural enemies.

scholarly journals IOT-Based Cotton Whitefly Prediction Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Rana Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Rafaqat Kazmi ◽  
Imran Sarwar Bajwa ◽  
Amna Ashraf ◽  
Shabana Ramzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Prediction System ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Economic Threshold

Agriculture is suffering from the problem of low fertility and climate hazards such as increased pest attacks and diseases. Early prediction of pest attacks can be very helpful in improving productivity in agriculture. Insect pest (whitefly) attack has a high influence on cotton crop yield. Internet of Things solution is proposed to predict the whitefly attack to take prevention measures. An insect pest prediction system (IPPS) was developed with the help of the Internet of Things and a RBFN algorithm based on environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides proposed an economic threshold level for prediction of whitefly attack. The economic threshold level and RBFN algorithm are used to predict the whitefly attack using temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed. The seven evaluation metrics accuracy, f-measures, precision, recall, Cohen’s kappa, ROC AUC, and confusion matrix are used to determine the performance of the RBFN algorithm. The proposed insect pest prediction system is deployed in the high influenced region of pest that provides pest prediction information to the farmer to take control measures.

scholarly journals Yield Loss and Economic Threshold Level of Soybean due to Leaf Roller (Apoderus cyaneus Hope) in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Bishnu K Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Adult Beetle ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Research Journal

Yield loss in soybean due to leaf roller (Apoderus cyaneus Hope) was studied at Khumaltarduring 1985 and 1986 seasons. Field experiments were conducted during vegetative as well asreproductive stages of soybean. Rolled leaves of soybean with eggs, grubs and pupae werecollected from the field and reared in the laboratory for adults. Adults were introduced intonylon cages installed at the central rows of each plot just after germination of soybean. Insectswere maintained at population density of 25, 50 and 100 per m2density, the potential grain yield loss of cultivar, Ransom soybean in its vegetative andreproductive stages were 103 and 48 mg per day respectively from each adult of A. cyaneus.Percentages of yield losses were 36.2, 45.2, and 58.0 during vegetative and 37.5, 48.5 and 66.0during reproductive stages from the insect population of 25, 50 and 100, respectively which, wasnot in accordance with the level of two and four fold increased population density of insect.Yield reduction was higher (260 and 108 mg per day) from each adult beetle at lower populationlevel (25) in both vegetative and reproductive stages of soybean.Key words: Economic threshold level; leaf roller; physiological growth stages; yield lossDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3367Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.73-77

scholarly journals Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Romero-Díaz ◽  
E. Díaz-Pereira ◽  
J. De Vente
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cultural Ecological ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gully Control

Gully erosion causes severe damage to crops and infrastructures and affects the provision of ecosystem services worldwide. To assess the potential of gully control measures to protect ecosystem services and assess the conditions required for their large-scale implementation, this paper critically evaluates a range of gully control measures documented in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). Environmental and socio-economic impacts of technologies are assessed, as well as the implications for ecosystem services, costs and benefits of implementation, and stakeholder’s perception. It is demonstrated how gully control measures provide notable on-site and off-site benefits for socio-economic, cultural, ecological, and production goals, and to protect crucial ecosystem services. Control measures particularly contribute to soil and water conservation and to regulating ecosystem services by controlling soil erosion, water cycling, and natural hazards. Most effective control measures consist of combined vegetative and structural measures and of catchment wide interventions. While implementation of gully control can initially be expensive, on the long term, the cost-benefit ratio is usually positive. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of evaluating control measures considering monetary aspects and all ecosystem services they provide. Nevertheless, individual farmers can often not afford the implementation and maintenance costs due to barriers for implementation and therefore require sustained institutional support. 

Evaluation of IPM module against major insect pests of green gram, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek in lower Gangetic plains of West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Suprava Malik ◽  
Amitava Banerjee ◽  
A. Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of integrated management practices over farmers’ practices against insect pest complex of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) during kharif season in the ‘A-B’ Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in 2019. The results revealed that the incidence of all of the insect pests viz. whitefly, pulse aphid, jassid, flower thrips, gram pod borer, spotted pod borer, blue butterfly, plant bug and pod bug was recorded comparatively less in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plot as compared to farmers’ practices. The seed yield of green gram was also recorded a higher (1382.22 kg ha-1) in plots treated with integrated approaches as compared to farmer’s practices (476.94 kg ha-1). IPM module recorded maximum cost benefit ratio along with higher gross return and net profit as against farmers’ practices.

scholarly journals Soybean yield loss and economic thresholds due to glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane interference

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
Diecson Ruy Orsolin da Silva ◽  
Leandro Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Soybean Price ◽  
Hairy Fleabane

ABSTRACT: The interference of glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) has caused yield losses in soybean crop. Knowledge of the economic threshold is an important aspect for the economic management of resistant weeds. Because of it, the interference of the glyphosate resistant hairy fleabane density on the soybean yield loss was evaluated, as well as to estimate the economic threshold. Two experiments were conducted to verify the effect of different weed densities on the yield of two soybean cultivars (BRS Estância and BMX Turbo). Weed density ranged from 0 to 124 plants m-2. The yield of the BRS Estância decreased by 1.4% to the increase of one single plant, while for the BMX Turbo the loss was 25.9%. Soybean yield and economic threshold were lower for the BMX Turbo cultivar compared to the cultivar BRS Estância, which can be attributed to the genotype, competitive ability, weed development stage and/or environment. Increases in crop yield expectation, soybean price and herbicide efficiency reduce the economic threshold, indicating that the adoption of control measures should be taken when the weed density is low. Due to the high cost of hairy fleabane control, it is only feasible at high densities.

scholarly journals Control period and economic threshold level of glyphosate tolerant weeds in 2.4-D resistant soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Eduardo Roncatto ◽  
Arthur Arrobas Martins Barroso ◽  
Juliana Calegarim ◽  
Felipe Ridolfo Lucio ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Linear Regressions

Weed densities, species, costs of control, crop value and interference periods should be considered for weed management. With this regard, three experiments were carried out to evaluate weed control periods and weed density in a new soybean cultivar. In ths first trial, control efficacy was measured by visual phytotoxicity of four weed species I. hederifolia, E. heterophylla, Conyza spp. and R. brasiliensis using four different herbicides with two doses each: glyphosate (720 and 1,440 g ea ha-1), 2.4-D (670 and 1,340 g ea ha-1), glufosinate (400 and 600 g ea ha-1) and glyphosate + 2.4-D (410 + 390 and 820 + 780 g ea ha-1). Herbicides were sprayed in an entirely randomized 4x8+1 factorial scheme with six repetitions. In the second experiment, 2,4-D-resistant soybean growth was measured under increasing densities of the same weeds (21 plants m² vs 21, 42, 84, 168 and 336 plants m²). This experiment was conducted under entirely randomized design with 25 treatments with four repetitions. Critical level of damage and economic threshold level of each weed species in soybean were measured using non-linear regressions. In a third experiment, weed with soybean were submitted to increasing periods of control and coexistence (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49 and 70 days after soybean emergence, plus two control treatments). Glufosinate and glyphosate+2.4-D (820 + 780 g ea ha-1) showed greater weed control than glyphosate alone (720 g ea ha-1). The yield loss of 0.85, 2.12, 5.71 and 34.24% were found for each weed of E. heterophylla, I. hederifolia, R. brasiliensis and Conyza spp., coexisting with soybean. There was a soybean grain yield loss of 50% in the weedy treatment. Soybean weed management should occur between 18thand 48th days after its emergence. Economic threshold level on soybean yield suggested is below one plant of Conyza spp. and R. brasiliensis per m-². The use of glufosinate and glyphosate+2,4-D provides a greater flexibility of herbicide use for farmers

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document