scholarly journals Efficacy of Aloe secundiflora Crude Extracts on Ascaridia galli in Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Kaingu ◽  
Alfred Kibor ◽  
Rebecca Waihenya ◽  
Robert Shivairo ◽  
Lewis Mungai
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Main Components

<p><em>Aloe secundiflora </em>Synonym: <em>Aloe floramaculata, Aloe marsabitensis, Aloe engleri</em> belongs to the family <em>Asphodelaceae.</em> <em>Aloe</em> leaf gel and <em>Aloe</em> exudates are the main components. The gel is derived from parenchytomous cells while exudates are derived from the inner epidermal layers. The gel consists of mainly polysaccharides while the exudates consists of a mixture of phenolic compounds mainly athrones, chromones and phenyl pyrones. Leaf components of <em>Aloe</em> have been credited for antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral and anthelmintic medicinal properties. The effectiveness of <em>Aloe secundiflora </em>extracts on the most prevalent nematode of chicken <em>Ascaridia galli</em> was conducted <em>in vitro</em>. The results of this study indicate that Hexane, Ethylacetate, Acetone, Methanol and chloroform extracts were found active in hindering the development of <em>Ascaridia galli</em> eggs to larval stage three (L<sub>3</sub>), and this was dependent on the concentration of the crude extract. The lowest concentration of the various extracts (5 mg/ml) had an inhibition percent (IP), 75.52%, 79.60%, 87.21%, 86.13% and 43.6% respectively. The highest concentration of the extracts was (50 mg/ml), at this level the inhibition percent was found higher than in the lowest extracts concentrations i.e., 91.84%, 97.55%, 100%, 99.46% and 91.29% respectively. <em>Aloe secundiflora</em> extracts therefore have inhibitory effects on the <em>Ascaridia galli</em> larval development <em>in vitro</em>. Phytochemical tests on the extracts revealed the presence of various chemical compounds.</p>

scholarly journals Componential Profile and Amylase Inhibiting Activity of Phenolic Compounds fromCalendula officinalisL. Leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil N. Olennikov ◽  
Nina I. Kashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Inhibiting Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Main Components

An ethanolic extract and its ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from leaves ofCalendula officinalisL. (Asteraceae) were found to show an inhibitory effect on amylase. From the crude extract fractions, one new phenolic acid glucoside, 6′-O-vanilloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, was isolated, together with twenty-four known compounds including five phenolic acid glucosides, five phenylpropanoids, five coumarins, and nine flavonoids. Their structures were elucidated based on chemical and spectral data. The main components, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and quercetin-3-O-(6′′-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside, exhibited potent inhibitory effects on amylase.

Inhibitory Effects of Active Fraction and Its Main Components of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction on Uterus Contraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulan Su ◽  
Yongqing Hua ◽  
Jin-Ao Duan ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Erxin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Uterine Contraction ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Main Components

Shaofu Zhuyu decoction is a famous formula for treating primary dysmenorrhea in China since the Qing dynasty. In this paper, the inhibitory effects of active-guided fraction and its main bioactive components of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction on a model of non-pregnant mice uterine contraction induced by oxytocin in vitro were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses were used to correlate the chemical composition of active fraction with the spasmolytic effects. Seven ingredients in the active fraction were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Three ingredients, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and typhaneoside, were evaluated for their effects on mice isolated uterine contraction induced by oxytocin in vitro. The ED50 of them were 63.0 μg/ml, 57.6 μg/ml, 109.7 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of the combination of these three compounds was prior to the fraction and seven compounds group. The ED50 was 65.5 μg/ml. The data stated that ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and typhaneoside were possibly the main active components in the bioactive fraction of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction. The study also implied that Shaofu Zhuyu decoction may have direct inhibitory effects on the contractility of the mice uterus and justified the traditional use of the prescription for treating the uterine cramping associated dysmenorrhea.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Aromatic Plants of the Lamiaceae Family in Bread

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Adriana Skendi ◽  
Dimitrios Ν. Katsantonis ◽  
Paschalina Chatzopoulou ◽  
Maria Irakli ◽  
Maria Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Main Components

The antifungal effect of aromatic plants (oregano, thyme, and Satureja) in dry form and as essential oils was evaluated in vitro (in potato dextrose agar (PDA)) and in bread against two phytopathogenic fungi found in food (Aspergillusniger and Penicillium). Gas and liquid chromatography were used to analyze essential oils attained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the aromatic plants and of the dried plant aqueous solutions that were autoclaved for 20 min at 121 °C before analysis. Carvacrol, α-pinene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were the main components of the essential oils, whereas carvacrol, rosmarinic and caffeic acids were the main components of the water extracts. In vitro antifungal test results showed that the addition of plants in dry form had great antifungal potential against both fungal strains studied. Penicillium was more sensitive to the presence of aromatic plants than Aspergillus. Among the three plant species tested, thyme was the most potent antifungal against both fungi. For the bread product, all three aromatic plants studied showed inhibitory effects against both fungi. Results presented here suggest that oregano, thyme and Satureja incorporated in a bread recipe possess antimicrobial properties and are a potential source of antimicrobial ingredients for the food industry.

Modulation of hemostasis by inhibiting enzymes with the extract of Averrhoa carambola leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-396
Author(s):  
Daniela Aparecida Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Cardoso Trento ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Braga ◽  
Silvana Marcussi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Phospholipases A2 ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Herbal medicines represent an advantageous alternative for the prevention and treatment of several diseases when compared to allopathic medicines. Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae) is a plant rich in phenolic compounds and popularly known for its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic. Different enzymes of the human organism participate in physiological processes which involve hemostasis, inflammation, and formation of new tissue. These enzymes are highlighted as pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of numerous pathologies. The present work evaluated the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from A. carambola leaves on phospholipase, hemolytic, caseinolytic, thrombolytic, coagulant, and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by phospholipases A2 and proteases. Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were quantified in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Averrhoa carambola. These extracts were evaluated, in vitro, on phospholipase, proteolytic, hemolytic, thrombolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by snake venoms. The results confirm the pharmacological potential of A. carambola since the extracts were able to modulate all evaluated activities related to hemostasis through inhibitions or potentiation of the enzymatic activities (phospholipases A2 and proteases). The constituents of A. carambola may act interfering in processes such as coagulation, thrombus dissolution, and fibrinogenolysis.

scholarly journals Coptisine Suppresses Mast Cell Degranulation and Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuilian Fu ◽  
Saihong Ni ◽  
Danni Wang ◽  
Tie Hong
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells ◽  
Main Components

Coptisine is one of the main components of isoquinoline alkaloids in the coptidis rhizome. The effect of coptisine on allergic rhinitis has not been investigated. In this study, we report the effects and mechanisms of coptisine using monoclonal anti-2,4,6-dinitrophenyl-immunoglobulin (Ig) E/human serum albumin (DNP-IgE/HSA)-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3 cells) in vitro and an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice. The results showed that coptisine markedly decreased the levels of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, interleukin (IL)-4, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Coptisine also prevented morphological changes, such as restoring an elongated shape, inhibiting granule release on toluidine blue staining, and reorganizing inhibited filamentous actins (F-actin). Additionally, coptisine blocked the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt (as known as protein kinase B(PKB)) in RBL-2H3 cell. Furthermore, the results showed that coptisine suppressed OVA-induced allergic rhinitis symptoms, such as nasal rubbing and OVA-specific IgE, and histamine, IL-4 and TNF-α levels in the serum of AR mice. These data suggested that coptisine should have inhibitory effects on the inflammatory responses of mast cells, and may be beneficial for the development of coptisine as a potential anti-allergic drug.

scholarly journals Protocol optimisation for micropropagation of Ethiopian yam

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
D. Birhan ◽  
D. Obssi ◽  
K. Mulugeta
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Protocol Optimisation ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a monocotyledonous tuber forming tropical vine, which belongs to the family Dioscoreaceae, and genus Dioscorea. Yam is well known for medicinal properties, as well as nutritional values. Conventional propagation of yam is limited by low propagation rates; hence, in vitro propagation provides the best alternative to overcome such limitations. The objective of this study was to optimise a protocol for in vitro micro-propagation of Ethiopian yam (D. alata, bulcha variety). Explants were obtained from young leaves of bulcha variety, and sterilised using different concentrations of NaOCl, for different time exposures. Sodium hypochlorite (1%) at 15 minutes exposure time, showed 100% survival of explants. The combination of 0.5 BAP with 1mgl-1 NAA was the best concentration for shoot induction. For shoot multiplication, BAP at 1.5 mg l-1 gave the highest shoots per explants (7.28±0.07), with shoot length of 8.72±0.43 cm. MS medium with 2.0 mg l-1 NAA and 1.5 mg l-1 IBA gave the highest rooting percentage and root number (10.6±0.44), with a root length of 13.80±0.44. In vitro acclimatised plantlets,which were transferred to a greenhouse for hardening, had 90% survival rate on soil medium. Thus, for micropropagation of bulcha yam variety, MS + 1.5 mg l-1 and MS plus 2.0 mg l-1 NAA + 1.5 mg l-1 IBA is the best phytohormonal combination for shoot multiplication and invitro rooting, respectively.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antiviral Activity of Natural Products against Coronavirus Strains: A Systemic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu KC ◽  
Manoj Pandit ◽  
Amit Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Family ◽  
Antiviral Activities

Abstract Coronavirus is a non-segmented, positive-sense RNA genome belonging to the family coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales Corona viral infections have created serious threats in the last couple of decades and recently claiming the death of thousands of human beings. Natural products provide a valuable and powerful resource of chemical compounds alkaloids, tannins, caffeine, biopterin, actinophnine, etc. displaying antiviral properties. The data was reviewed from various databases or search engines: PubMed, Science Direct, MedLine, Google Scholar, and Biomed central for published articles. The data inclusion criteria was natural products and their isolated and different synthetic compounds. Data duplication and titles or contents that do not meet the inclusion criteria and Reports on antiviral activities of natural products or their derivatives against other than CoV strains were excluded. We encountered 49 plants and 19 compound chemically defined natural molecules reported in the literature, which have evaluated for potent antiviral activity against different coronavirus strains. The listed plants and their compounds in this review are highly potent with promising results against coronavirus. These can be further screened for invasive tests and used for making different formulations or may be polyherbal formulations considering its safety profile and toxicity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activities and antidiabetic potential of extract of fruits from the Myrtaceae family: inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Simone Muniz Pacheco ◽  
Rejane Giacomelli Tavares ◽  
Mauricio Seifert ◽  
Leonardo Nora ◽  
Rafael de Almeida Schiavon
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Phenolic Antioxidants ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Edible Fruit ◽  
Forest Region

There is a great diversity of plants which are grown in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil that produce small, colorful, edible fruit that are used in empiric mode to treat several diseases, such as diabetes, as fruits are a rich source of dietary phenolic antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of methanolic fruit extracts from the Myrtaceae family - Psidium cattleianum (araçá), Syzygium cumini (jambolão), Campomanesia xanthocarpa (guabiroba), Eugenia uniflora (pitanga) and Eugenia pyriformis (uvaia) - against α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase (maltose and sucrose). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using two different in vitro assays: the 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) test and the 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. The extracts of P. cattleianum, S. cumini, E. pyriformis inhibited α-amylase activity between 13% and 60% (p<0.05). The extracts of P. cattleianum also inhibited α-glucosidase activity with either maltose or sucrose as substrate between 15% and 61% (p<0.05). Additionally, these fruits are rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of an Epiphytic Orchid Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume. Collected from Kannur District, Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036
Author(s):  
Ruthisha PK
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Rare Plants ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Traditional Healing Practices

Treatment with medicinal plants consists of the ancient tradition of India and which has been continued for years. Our ancestors collected rare plants from forests and mountains for treatment purpose. At the same time, they give deep concern for the conservation of the species on the earth. Their knowledge and services are not profitable but valuable. The study is focused on the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant Rhynchostylis retusa of the family Orchidaceae. The plant is growing in sacred groves and local gardens of Payyanur of Kannur district, Kerala, India and used for traditional healing practices. The Orchidaceae family includes many plants having medicinal properties, but most of them were not studied or exploited yet. Qualitative analysis of primary metabolites and secondary metabolites indicates the presence of phytochemicals in Rhynchostylis retusa. The total alkaloid, carbohydrate, protein, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were seen in significant amount in this plant. In vitro antibacterial (agar well diffusion) activity was done by gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), gram-positive Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 890), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and antifungal activity by Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404). The plant extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against these strains. The studies with the medicinal plant R.retusa make clear that the plant is rich in active components and phytochemicals. The plant contains a favourable amount of phytochemicals and this makes them cure various diseases. The plant also shows antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

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